Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry L. Karon ◽  
Naveen L. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Fluid Retention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Precipitating Factors ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Ventricular Filling

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by the inability of the heart to maintain adequate cardiac output to meet the metabolic demands of the body while still maintaining normal or near-normal ventricular filling pressures. Heart failure may be present at rest, but often it is present only during exertion as a result of the dynamic nature of cardiac demands. For correct treatment of heart failure, the mechanism, underlying cause, and any reversible precipitating factors must be identified. Typical manifestations of heart failure are dyspnea and fatigue that limit activity tolerance and fluid retention leading to pulmonary or peripheral edema. The most recent proposed categorization divided the cardiomyopathies into primary and secondary cardiomyopathies, and the primary disorders are further subdivided as genetic, acquired, or mixed. Although this proposal takes into account our progressive understanding of this heterogeneous group of disorders, the previous phenotypic classification of dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive diseases still provides utility in day-to-day understanding and management of these disorders.

Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies

2016 ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Farris K. Timimi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Fluid Retention ◽  
Optimal Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Precipitating Factors ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Peripheral Edema ◽  
Ventricular Filling

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by inability of the heart to maintain adequate cardiac output to meet the metabolic demands of the body while still maintaining normal or near-normal ventricular filling pressures. Heart failure may be present at rest, but often it is symptomatic only during exertion due to the dynamic nature of cardiac demands. For the optimal treatment of heart failure, the mechanism, underlying cause, and any reversible precipitating factors must be identified. Typical manifestations of heart failure are dyspnea and fatigue limiting activity tolerance and fluid retention leading to pulmonary or peripheral edema.

Acute heart failure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazem Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Exacerbation ◽  
Acute Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
New Onset

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by an inadequate cardiac output for the needs of the body in the absence of low filling pressures, and reflects abnormal cardiac structure or function. Although various definitions for acute heart failure (AHF) exist, here AHF is defined as new-onset heart failure or an acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure, requiring urgent therapy. Patients with AHF typically have clinical features of organ hypoperfusion, with or without pulmonary and peripheral oedema.

scholarly journals Bioimpedance Vector Analysis for Heart Failure: Should We Put It on the Agenda?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Liang ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Jia-Yue Bai ◽  
Ning Gu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Acute Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Vector Analysis ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Volume Assessment ◽  
Intracardiac Pressure

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome, resulting in increased intracardiac pressure and/or decreased cardiac output under rest or stress. In acute decompensated heart failure, volume assessment is essential for clinical diagnosis and management. More and more evidence shows the advantages of bioimpedance vector analysis in this issue. Here, we critically present a brief review of bioimpedance vector analysis in the prediction and management of heart failure to give a reference to clinical physicians and guideline makers.

Chronic heart failure diagnosis: genetics

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1781-1787
Author(s):  
Perry Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Fluid Retention ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Functional Abnormality ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Heart Failure Diagnosis

Heart failure refers to a state in which the cardiac output, no longer compensated by endogenous mechanisms, fails to meet the metabolic demands of the body. Clinically, it is defined by symptoms of breathlessness, fatigue, fluid retention, and a cardiac structural or functional abnormality. Most cases of heart failure are caused by coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, and valvular heart disease, but the risk of heart failure also depends on genetic predisposition for the causative disorder as well as genetic variation that modulates the maladaptive pathophysiological response to pathophysiological stressors and the response to therapy. In a small, but almost certainly underdiagnosed proportion of cases, heart failure is caused by Mendelian genetic disorders of heart muscle (cardiomyopathies) that are mostly inherited as autosomal dominant traits characterized by locus and allelic heterogeneity and highly variable clinical expression. This chapter briefly reviews the clinical approach to the diagnosis of genetic disorders that cause heart failure and the role of genetic testing in everyday practice.

scholarly journals Heart failure and cardiorenal syndrome: a case report

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Valentina Zilioli ◽  
Marco Triggiani ◽  
Giacomo Faden ◽  
Elisa Locantore ◽  
Savina Nodari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Volume Overload ◽  
Chronic Kidney Failure ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
Fluid Retention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conventional Medical Therapy ◽  
Body Resistance ◽  
Improve Clinical Outcome

Cardio-Renal Syndrome (CRS) is a renal dysfunction occurring in a large percentage of pts hospitalised for congestive heart failure (CHF). It is characterised by an excessive fluid retention inside the body, resistance to conventional medical therapy, worsening renal function (WRF) and higher mortality. The prevalence of CRS is likely increased because of the improved survival of HF patients. WRF occurs frequently among hospitalised HFF and is associated with a significantly worse outcome. Clinical features at admission can be used to identify patients at high risk for developing WRF. The clinical case presented concerns a 70-year-old diabetic man with post-ischemic cardiomyopathy and chronic kidney failure, admitted to our division for acute heart failure. During hospitalisation he showed a progressive WRF and resistance to diuretic treatment. After Ultrafiltration treatment there was a progressive clinical improvement. Many treatments have been investigated in order to improve renal function, but none has been demonstrated to improve clinical outcome. Currently Ultrafiltration is reserved to patients with volume overload when traditional medical therapies fail and/or patients become resistant to diuretics.

Comprehensive Guideline for Care of Patients With Heart Failure

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Denise Buonocore ◽  
Elizabeth Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
American Heart Association Guideline ◽  
United States Today ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Ventricular Filling

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome that results from any structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood. More than 5.1 million people are living with HF in the United States today. This number will continue to rise with the increase in the aging population. With so many people living with HF, nurses need to be well versed on how best to care for them. The 2013 American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association guideline for the management of HF is a comprehensive guide for all clinicians caring for patients with HF. The updated guideline was developed to assist providers in decision making in the diagnosis and treatment of HF. The goals of the writing committee were to improve quality of care for patients with HF, optimize their outcomes, and improve the efficient use of various resources in the treatment of patients with HF.

Understanding the pharmacology of heart failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 404-410
Author(s):  
Jamshid Easa ◽  
Najma Easa ◽  
Jacob Chappell ◽  
David Warriner
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Western World ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Downward Spiral ◽  
Ventricular Filling ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Heart failure (HF) is a common clinical syndrome with ever-increasing prevalence in the Western world. It is associated with extensive morbidity and mortality, as well as being a significant burden on global healthcare systems. It is due to impairment of ventricular filling or contraction, resulting in a constellation of physical symptoms and signs, primarily due to salt and water retention. An understanding of the pharmacological options to manage the condition is imperative to quickly alleviate symptoms and avert a rapidly progressive downward spiral, improving not only quality but also quantity of life.

scholarly journals PATOMEKANISME PENYAKIT GAGAL JANTUNG KONGESTIF

el–Hayah ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lailia Nur Rachma
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Failure Prognosis ◽  
The Cost

<em>Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by abnormalities in the structure or function of the heart, resulting in inability of heart to pump blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body tissue. Heart failure is characterized by clinical manifestations such as circulation congestion, tightness, fatigue, and weakness. Heart failure is a major problem in industrial and developing Country. Currently, the incidence and prevalence of heart failure tends to increase, it is also accompanied by an increase in mortality of heart failure cases. In the United States, 1 million patients hospitalized due to heart failure cases, which contribute to 50,000 deaths each year. While the number of visits to the hospital due to heart failure estimated at 6.5 million. Heart failure prognosis is generally poor despite the patients accepted adequate therapy. From the data obtained, only about 35% of male patients and 50% female patients who survived after the onset of acute heart failure. Generaly, the data obtained high mortality are occurs in patients with grade IV (presence of symptoms at rest) is about 30-70%, grade III (presence of symptoms with mild activity) 10-20%, class II (presence of symptoms when the activity being 5-10 %). Higher mortality was found in older patients, men, patients with reduced ejection fraction, and in patients with coronary disease. Once someone is suffering from heart failure, then he shall bear the very high cost. In America, the cost of issued for heart failure therapy between 15-40 trillion US$. In this review, we will discuss about pathomechanism of heart failure. So it is expected to be a reference to the diagnosis of patients with heart failure, which is expected to be recognized early on that could ultimately improve the quality of heart failure patient life, and reduce the number of mortality due to heart failure</em>

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