Facilitating Lifestyle Choice and Change

2014 ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Judith Aufenthie
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Lifestyle Choice ◽  
Complex Process

Creating optimal well being is a multifaceted, complex process. It involves many biological, psychological, physical, behavioral, emotional as well as neurobiological factors which all interact and effect the choices we make and changes that we are able to implement. Research has begun to connect with the decision making process to better understand how our decisions and choices are made. This research coupled with research and evidence based models provides integrative nurses and patients with validated tools to optimize change and wellness.

Improving the evidence-based clinical decision-making process: Interactive classification and topic discovery on diabetes-related biomedical literature (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Ahne ◽  
Guy Fagherazzi ◽  
Xavier Tannier ◽  
Thomas Czernichow ◽  
Francisco Orchard
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Active Learning ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Text Data

BACKGROUND The amount of available textual health data such as scientific and biomedical literature is constantly growing and it becomes more and more challenging for health professionals to properly summarise those data and in consequence to practice evidence-based clinical decision making. Moreover, the exploration of large unstructured health text data is very challenging for non experts due to limited time, resources and skills. Current tools to explore text data lack ease of use, need high computation efforts and have difficulties to incorporate domain knowledge and focus on topics of interest. OBJECTIVE We developed a methodology which is able to explore and target topics of interest via an interactive user interface for experts and non-experts. We aim to reach near state of the art performance, while reducing memory consumption, increasing scalability and minimizing user interaction effort to improve the clinical decision making process. The performance is evaluated on diabetes-related abstracts from Pubmed. METHODS The methodology consists of four parts: 1) A novel interpretable hierarchical clustering of documents where each node is defined by headwords (describe documents in this node the most); 2) An efficient classification system to target topics; 3) Minimized users interaction effort through active learning; 4) A visual user interface through which a user interacts. We evaluated our approach on 50,911 diabetes-related abstracts from Pubmed which provide a hierarchical Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) structure, a unique identifier for a topic. Hierarchical clustering performance was compared against the implementation in the machine learning library scikit-learn. On a subset of 2000 randomly chosen diabetes abstracts, our active learning strategy was compared against three other strategies: random selection of training instances, uncertainty sampling which chooses instances the model is most uncertain about and an expected gradient length strategy based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). RESULTS For the hierarchical clustering performance, we achieved a F1-Score of 0.73 compared to scikit-learn’s of 0.76. Concerning active learning performance, after 200 chosen training samples based on these strategies, the weighted F1-Score over all MeSH codes resulted in satisfying 0.62 F1-Score of our approach, compared to 0.61 of the uncertainty strategy, 0.61 the CNN and 0.45 the random strategy. Moreover, our methodology showed a constant low memory use with increased number of documents but increased execution time. CONCLUSIONS We proposed an easy to use tool for experts and non-experts being able to combine domain knowledge with topic exploration and target specific topics of interest while improving transparency. Furthermore our approach is very memory efficient and highly parallelizable making it interesting for large Big Data sets. This approach can be used by health professionals to rapidly get deep insights into biomedical literature to ultimately improve the evidence-based clinical decision making process.

Instrumentation to Understand the Child Protective Services Decision-Making Processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-108
Author(s):  
Alan J. Dettlaff ◽  
Dana Hollinshead ◽  
Donald J. Baumann ◽  
John D. Fluke
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Welfare Systems ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Child Welfare Outcomes

When children come to the attention of the child welfare system, they become involved in a decision-making process in which decisions are made that have a significant effect on their future and well-being. The decision to remove children from their families is particularly complex, yet surprisingly little is understood about this decision-making process. As a result, instrumentation has been developed and adapted over the past 20 years to further understand variations in child welfare outcomes that are decision-based and, in particular concerning the removal decision, in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the intersecting factors that influence caseworker decisions. This chapter presents research and the development and use of this instrument, drawing from the decision-making ecology as the underlying rationale for obtaining the measures. The instrument was based on the development of decision-making scales used in multiple studies and administered to child protection caseworkers in several states. This effort is part of a larger program of research that seeks to better understand decision-making processes in child welfare systems in order to promote fairness, accuracy, and improved outcomes among children and families.

scholarly journals Peran Persepsi Individu Terhadap Asuransi dan Model Kepercayaan Kesehatan dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Menggunakan Asuransi Jiwa

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Ayu Gede Rat Praba Ari ◽  
Dewi Puri Astiti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Individual Perception ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
The Health Belief Model

The use of health insurance is highly related with a person’s life depending on the perception of an individual and health belief model they own. Perception and health belief model bear an important role in determining how a person percieve their future especially related to health and older age well-being. One alternative in promising older age well being and health is through health insurance. This research was aimed to determine the role of individual perception upon insurance and health belief model in decision making process using life insurance. The method of this research is using quantitative method. The subjects of this research were the individuals using life insurance. The total subject in this research is 90 whom were selected using cluster random sampling.   For hypothesis, the data was analyzed using multiple regression. The result of multiple regression analysis in this study is 0.764. Relative contribution of perception variable is 98.38% and the health belief model variable is 1.61%. Effective contribution of perception variable is 57.45% and the health belief model variable is 0.94%. This results show that there is a relation between the role of individual perception upon insurance and health belief model in decision making process using life insurance. However, when the data was analyzed using partial correlation, only individual perception of insurance variable has a relation with decision making variable.   Keyword        : Perception, Health Belief Model, Life Insurance

Perspectives of decision-making in requests for euthanasia: A qualitative research among patients, relatives and treating physicians in the Netherlands

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne K Dees ◽  
Myrra J Vernooij-Dassen ◽  
Wim J Dekkers ◽  
Glyn Elwyn ◽  
Kris C Vissers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Qualitative Thematic Analysis ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Complex Decision Making

Background: Euthanasia has been legally performed in the Netherlands since 2002. Respect for patient’s autonomy is the underpinning ethical principal. However, patients have no right to euthanasia, and physicians have no obligation to provide it. Although over 3000 cases are conducted per year in the Netherlands, there is little known about how decision-making occurs and no guidance to support this difficult aspect of clinical practice. Aim: To explore the decision-making process in cases where patients request euthanasia and understand the different themes relevant to optimise this decision-making process. Design: A qualitative thematic analysis of interviews with patients making explicit requests for euthanasia, most-involved relative(s) and treating physician. Participants/setting: Thirty-two cases, 31 relatives and 28 treating physicians. Settings were patients’ and relatives’ homes and physicians’ offices. Results: Five main themes emerged: (1) initiation of sharing views and values about euthanasia, (2) building relationships as part of the negotiation, (3) fulfilling legal requirements, (4) detailed work of preparing and performing euthanasia and (5) aftercare and closing. Conclusions: A patient’s request for euthanasia entails a complex process that demands emotional work by all participants. It is characterised by an intensive period of sharing information, relationship building and negotiation in order to reach agreement. We hypothesise that making decisions about euthanasia demands a proactive approach towards participants’ preferences and values regarding end of life, towards the needs of relatives, towards the burden placed on physicians and a careful attention to shared decision-making. Future research should address the communicational skills professionals require for such complex decision-making.

scholarly journals Vaccine hesitancy: evidence from an adverse events following immunization database, and the role of cognitive biases

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Azarpanah ◽  
Mohsen Farhadloo ◽  
Rustam Vahidov ◽  
Louise Pilote
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Vaccination Decision ◽  
Vaccine Information

Abstract Background Vaccine hesitancy has been a growing challenge for public health in recent decades. Among factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy, concerns regarding vaccine safety and Adverse Events (AEs) play the leading role. Moreover, cognitive biases are critical in connecting such concerns to vaccine hesitancy behaviors, but their role has not been comprehensively studied. In this study, our first objective is to address concerns regarding vaccine AEs to increase vaccine acceptance. Our second objective is to identify the potential cognitive biases connecting vaccine hesitancy concerns to vaccine-hesitant behaviors and identify the mechanism they get triggered in the vaccine decision-making process. Methods First, to mitigate concerns regarding AEs, we quantitatively analyzed the U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from 2011 to 2018 and provided evidence regarding the non-severity of the AEs that can be used as a communicable summary to increase vaccine acceptance. Second, we focused on the vaccination decision-making process. We reviewed cognitive biases and vaccine hesitancy literature to identify the most potential cognitive biases that affect vaccine hesitancy and categorized them adopting the Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM). Results Our results show that the top frequent AEs are expected mild reactions like injection site erythema (4.29%), pyrexia (3.66%), and injection site swelling (3.21%). 94.5% of the reports are not serious and the average population-based serious reporting rate over the 8 years was 25.3 reports per 1 million population. We also identified 15 potential cognitive biases that might affect people’s vaccination decision-making and nudge them toward vaccine hesitancy. We categorized these biases based on the factors that trigger them and discussed how they contribute to vaccine hesitancy. Conclusions This paper provided an evidence-based communicable summary of VAERS. As the most trusted sources of vaccine information, health practitioners can use this summary to provide evidence-based vaccine information to vaccine decision-makers (patients/parents) and mitigate concerns over vaccine safety and AEs. In addition, we identified 15 potential cognitive biases that might affect the vaccination decision-making process and nudge people toward vaccine hesitancy. Any plan, intervention, and message to increase vaccination uptake should be modified to decrease the effect of these potential cognitive biases.

scholarly journals Attitudes and decision-making in the child protection system

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Delgado ◽  
Vânia S. Pinto ◽  
João M. S. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Rights Of The Child

In the contexts of family neglect or maltreatment, the State intervenes by safeguarding the development and well-being of the child or young person in danger. In more severe situations, the intervention may lead to the child’s removal from the family. The Portuguese Law on the Protection of Children and Young People in Danger (Law 142/2015 of September 8th) favours the placement of the child in a family environment, especially for children up to the age of six. Despite this, in Portugal, in 2015, 8 600 children were in out-of-home care, only 3.5% of which were placed in foster care, while the remaining children were in residential care. Therefore, one of the fundamental rights of the child – living in a family environment – is compromised in practice. This study aims to understand the decision-making process of 200 higher education students in domains related to child protection, and those of 200 professionals who are responsible for providing case assessments and recommendations for intervention in the Portuguese child protection system. Using the Child Welfare Attitudes Questionnaire (Davidson-Arad & Benbenishty, 2008, 2010), the study aimed to identify the participants’ attitudes regarding removal of at-risk children from home, reunification and optimal duration of alternative care, children’s and parents’ participation in the decision-making process, and assessment of foster care and residential care, with the purpose of promoting children’s development and well-being. We concluded that both sets of participants (professionals and students) can be divided in two groups, one which is pro-removal and the other, which is less so. In comparison with students, professionals less often favour the removal of the child and more often defend reunification. There are no significant differences among participants regarding their opinion about the role of foster and residential care, and the participation of the child in the decision-making process. However, professionals tend to support parents’ participation in the decision-making process more than students do. Finally, we present some implications of our findings for the practice of child protection.

scholarly journals Implementación de un método para alcanzar un paisaje resiliente mediante la ubicación apropiada de edificaciones rurales

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Su Jeong ◽  
Lorenzo García Moruno ◽  
David González Gómez ◽  
Steve Carver
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Location Planning ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Rural Buildings ◽  
Criteria Weights ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
Suitable Location

<p>Suitable location planning of rural buildings is a complex process to be in harmony with landscapes. This paper presents a multi-criteria spatial decision analysis approach using GIS techniques. The research aim is to evaluate the study area suitability to sustainably site tourism rural commercial buildings with landscapes. The criteria weights were decided by the authors with relevant literatures, regional polices and European Union (EU) directives and experts’ discussion. The results reveal the most suitable areas for siting them, not to find a single suitable solution. They explain the weighting flexibility strengths of the application in the decision making process.</p>

scholarly journals An assessment of the factors affecting surgical decision making: a multi institutional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1138
Author(s):  
Prem Kumar Anandan ◽  
Sindhu Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Surgical Decision ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Surgical Residents ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Surgical Decision Making

Background: Decision making is a complex process, especially when guidelines are lacking. Surgeons then turn to other factors to help guide them make these decisions. This study is an attempt to understand these factors which play a role in the decision making process of surgeons.Methods: A prospective qualitative study was conducted amongst consultant surgeons and surgical residents from various institutes across Bangalore. The questionnaire was sent out to these surgeons and responses were recorded using Google Forms. A total of 158 responses were received and analyzed.Results: 69.2% of surgeons felt that patient preferences influence their decision making process. Age of the patient and medical comorbidities played a role in the decision making process of 95.5% and 94.2% of the surgeons respectively. 91% of the surgeons agreed that their age and experience has a strong influence on the decisions made by them. The institution of work and availability of tools mattered to 61.7% and 80.1% of the surgeons respectively.Conclusions: Factors such as patients’ age, comorbidities, preferences, surgeon’s institution of study, institution of work, experience, and institutional factors influence the decisions made by surgeons. Further study is needed on the larger scale to fully understand the various factors playing a role in the final decision making process.

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