Monitoring Prescriptions, Third-Party Healthcare Payers, Prescription Benefit Managers, and Private-Sector Policy Options

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Pharmacy Benefit ◽  
Drug Enforcement ◽  
Controlled Substances ◽  
Drug Enforcement Administration ◽  
The Third ◽  
Potential Benefits

This chapter discusses how opioids are diverted from legitimate to illegitimate channels and examines the systems that have been developed to keep track of these drugs by monitoring their prescribing and dispensing. Also covered are the regulations that enable authorities to scrutinize manufacturers and distributors for anomalous transactions that might signal diversion. The chapter also discusses potential strategies involving the private sector, which has a corresponding interest in curtailing waste, fraud, and abuse in the third-party healthcare payer systems that each year process billions of prescriptions for drugs, including controlled substances. The chapter looks at the role of pharmacy benefit managers in the dispensing of controlled substances. The potential benefits of adding pharmacy benefit managers to the present classes of business activities regulated by the Drug Enforcement Administration are explored.

scholarly journals Bit by (Twitch) Bit: “Platform Capture” and the Evolution of Digital Platforms

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 205630512093398
Author(s):  
William Clyde Partin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

This article considers the history of donation management tools on the livestreaming platform Twitch. In particular, it details the technical and economic contexts that led to the development of Twitch Bits, a first-party donation management service introduced in 2016. Two contributions to research on the platformization of cultural production are made. One, this article expands the empirical record regarding Twitch by chronicling the role of viewer donations in livestreaming since 2010, as well as the many tools that have facilitated this practice. It is argued that this history traces the complex and co-productive interactions between Twitch as a sociotechnical architecture and a political economy. Two, by considering how the first-party donation tool Twitch Bits has gradually challenged the dominance of the third-party tools that preceded it, this article theorizes the notion of platform capture, a critical rereading of platform envelopment, a popular concept in business studies. Ultimately, it is argued that platform capture demonstrates how platform owners leverage power asymmetries over dependents to aid in their platform’s technical evolution.

scholarly journals Descriptive, observational study of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical arrests, use, and overdoses in Maine

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e027117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J Simpson ◽  
Matthew T Moran ◽  
Michelle L Foster ◽  
Dipam T Shah ◽  
Daniel Y Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Prescription Medication ◽  
Medical Examiner ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Enforcement ◽  
Controlled Substances ◽  
Drug Enforcement Administration ◽  
Alert Program ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Fentanyl Analogues

ObjectivesThe Maine Diversion Alert Program grants healthcare providers access to law enforcement data on drug charges. The objectives of this report were to analyse variations in drug charges by demographics and examine recent trends in arrests, prescriptions of controlled substances and overdoses.DesignObservational.SettingArrests, controlled prescription medication distribution and overdoses in Maine.ParticipantsDrug arrestees (n=1272) and decedents (n=2432).Primary outcome measuresArrestees were analysed by sex and age. Substances involved in arrests were reported by schedule (I–V or non-controlled prescription) and into opioids, stimulants or other classes. Controlled substances reported to the Drug Enforcement Administration (2007–2017) were evaluated. Drug-induced deaths (2007–2017) reported to the medical examiner were examined by the substance(s) identified.ResultsMales were more commonly arrested for stimulants and schedule II substances. More than two-thirds of arrests involved individuals under the age of 40. Individuals age >60 were elevated for oxycodone arrests. Over three-fifths (63.38%) of arrests involved schedule II–IV substances. Opioids accounted for almost half (44.6%) of arrests followed by stimulants (32.5%) and sedatives (9.1%). Arrests involving buprenorphine exceeded those for oxycodone, hydrocodone, methadone, tramadol and morphine, combined. Prescriptions for hydrocodone (−56.0%) and oxycodone (−46.9%) declined while buprenorphine increased (+58.1%) between 2012 and 2017. Deaths from 2007 to 2017 tripled. Acetylfentanyl and furanylfentanyl were the most common fentanyl analogues identified.ConclusionsAlthough the overall profile of those arrested for drug crimes in 2017 involve males, age <40 and heroin, exceptions (oxycodone for older adults) were observed. Most prescription opioids are decreasing while deaths involving opioids continue to increase in Maine.

The Consequences of a Third Party Decision on Coopetition Strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Fernandez ◽  
Francoise Pierrot
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
The Third ◽  
Setting Process ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
Accounting Standard Setting

Coopetition is a paradoxical strategy combining simultaneously cooperation and competition. Previous scholars investigated the role of the third-party in coopetition dynamics: it can initiate and drive the coopetition strategy or it can be involved in the management of the relationship. But the consequences of this involvement remain under-investigated. This research aims to fill this gap: what are the consequences of the involvement of a third-party in a coopetition strategy on the partners and their relationship? To answer this question, we conducted a longitudinal case study of coopetition strategies between two institutions the FASB and the IASB in the specific context of the global accounting standard-setting process and convergence process between the US GAAPs and the IFRSs.Our findings enable us to identify three different phases in the process. We provide evidence on the role of the third-party (the European Union in the case) in the evolution of the coopetition dynamic between the FASB and the IASB, and analyze the consequences on both partners and their relationship.

A synchronous quantum blind signature scheme with entanglement swapping

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950007
Author(s):  
Ling Fan ◽  
Cong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Entanglement Swapping ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Blind Signature ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Signature Scheme ◽  
The Third ◽  
Quantum Blind Signature ◽  
The Third Party

We present an arbitrated quantum blind signature scheme by entanglement swapping, which is simplified from the preparation and operation of the quantum states. Compared with the classical blind signature, quantum arbitration has added the role of the third party arbitration, so the structure of the protocol has changed. The traceability depends on the third party arbitration, and the blind operation and the signature operation can be carried out simultaneously.

ASCP's Long Journey With DEA

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 403-403
Author(s):  
Paul Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Legal Authority ◽  
Drug Enforcement ◽  
Controlled Substances ◽  
Drug Enforcement Administration

The Drug Enforcement Administration has agreed to publish a proposed rule that, if approved, would give nurses the legal authority to contact the pharmacy on behalf of the prescriber concerning controlled substances.

15. Undue Influence, Unconscionability, and Equality of Bargaining Power

2021 ◽  
pp. 500-533
Author(s):  
André Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Undue Influence ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Law

This chapter examines undue influence, which is largely about pressure and influence arising from a relationship. It begins with the basic role of the law on undue influence before moving to the substantive case law. The case law is divided into three categories, which are based on the different ways of proving undue influence. The first relates to what is known as ‘actual undue influence’, which is where a complainant proves undue influence. The second is where undue influence between two parties can be presumed from the circumstances. The third category has been a major problem in modern cases and it involves undue influence coming from a third party. The chapter then turns to the wider issues that complete the ‘bigger picture’. The first of these is the area often referred to as ‘unconscionability’, which is about the exploitation of weakness. The second is the attempt to create a wider ‘inequality of bargaining power’ principle. Finally, the chapter looks at the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Practices Regulations 2008, which can cover conduct otherwise classed as duress, undue influence, and harassment.

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