scholarly journals Screening and Assessment

2017 ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
David J. Kolko ◽  
Eric M. Vernberg
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Comprehensive Picture

This chapter describes the process of determining who is an appropriate client and learning about his/her background as is relevant to treatment. This includes screening for misuse of fire among clinic-referred children and adolescents, and documenting details of a fire. It also provides an in-depth explanation of the children’s firesetting interview and firesetting risk interview assessment tools. The chapter emphasizes the importance of these screening and assessment tools, to allow practitioners to gain a more comprehensive picture of the treatment needs of fire-involved youth. A short case example is provided. The chapter concludes with a discussion on how to get started, using initial assessments to help indicate further useful questions and assessment tools.

scholarly journals Measuring energy, macro and micronutrient intake in UK children and adolescents: a comparison of validated dietary assessment tools

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A. Bush ◽  
Jayne Hutchinson ◽  
Jozef Hooson ◽  
Marisol Warthon-Medina ◽  
Neil Hancock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Validation Studies ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Review Of Reviews ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Measuring dietary intake in children and adolescents can be challenging due to misreporting, difficulties in establishing portion size and reliance on recording dietary data via proxy reporters. The aim of this review was to present results from a recent systematic review of reviews reporting and comparing validated dietary assessment tools used in younger populations in the UK. Methods Validation data for dietary assessment tools used in younger populations (≤18 years) were extracted and summarised using results from a systematic review of reviews of validated dietary assessment tools. Mean differences and Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LOA) between the test and reference tool were extracted or calculated and compared for energy, macronutrients and micronutrients. Results Seventeen studies which reported validation of 14 dietary assessment tools (DATs) were identified with relevant nutrition information. The most commonly validated nutrients were energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, calcium, iron, folate and vitamin C. There were no validated DATs reporting assessment of zinc, iodine or selenium intake. The most frequently used reference method was the weighed food diary, followed by doubly labelled water and 24 h recall. Summary plots were created to facilitate comparison between tools. On average, the test tools reported higher mean intakes than the reference methods with some studies consistently reporting wide LOA. Out of the 14 DATs, absolute values for LOA and mean difference were obtained for 11 DATs for EI. From the 24 validation results assessing EI, 16 (67%) reported higher mean intakes than the reference. Of the seven (29%) validation studies using doubly labelled water (DLW) as the reference, results for the test DATs were not substantially better or worse than those using other reference measures. Further information on the studies from this review is available on the www.nutritools.org website. Conclusions Validated dietary assessment tools for use with children and adolescents in the UK have been identified and compared. Whilst tools are generally validated for macronutrient intakes, micronutrients are poorly evaluated. Validation studies that include estimates of zinc, selenium, dietary fibre, sugars and sodium are needed.

School-Based Mental Health

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Everett
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
School Based ◽  
Educational Advocacy

The majority of children and adolescents in need of mental health services do not receive adequate care. Barriers to quality care include limited financial resources, social stigma, and a paucity of appropriately trained clinicians. The deleterious effects of untreated childhood mental illness have been well documented. School-based child and adolescent psychiatrists are on the front line of managing this public health crisis. Approximately 75% of mental health services for children and adolescents are provided in educational settings. The success of school-based mental health programs is contingent upon effective collaboration between the practitioner, caregiver, child/adolescent, and educator. In this chapter, a case is used to illustrate salient features of school-based psychiatric practice, including assessment tools, interventions, educational advocacy, and logistical considerations. The practice of public psychiatry in school-based settings should optimally adhere to the principles of recovery, resilience, and cultural competence.

Prison Classification

Criminology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Frisch-Scott
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Housing Program ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Administrative Segregation ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Future Direction

Classification processes determine the entire nature of the prison experience, including but not limited to where an inmate is housed, whom he or she is housed with, the programs and work assignments available to or required of an inmate, visitation rights, and the amount or type of movement an inmate has within a facility. In making these important decisions, prisons have long relied on procedures to determine where and how to supervise inmates under their control. These classification processes are designed to maintain prison order, allocate necessary treatment services, and provide a transparent basis for decisions that affect inmate life. Classification decisions can be divided into several types: initial security/facility classification and custody classification (determined by external classification systems), housing program and work assignments (determined by internal classification systems), and re-classifications. Inmates undergo a rigorous classification process upon reception into a corrections department’s custody and are often subject to re-evaluations throughout their time incarcerated. The predominant goal of classification systems is to identify and manage inmate risk, and many studies have focused on classification systems and inmate misconduct, recidivism, and violence. As classification systems are also intended to diagnose inmate needs and provide treatment, and ensure the efficient allocation of correctional resources, scholars have focused classification systems’ impact on adjustment to prison, provision of treatment, and prison crowding. Research has questioned the ability of a single classification system to assess the risk and need of all inmates. Many studies have considered gender equity in classification decisions as well as the additional treatment needs and management considerations for incarcerated individuals with mental illness. Additional research has focused on administrative segregation, or classification decisions that result in the isolation of those who cannot be housed in the general inmate population. Complicating this literature is the changing nature of classification systems over time and the fact that all states and the federal government have adopted unique classification systems. It is therefore difficult to draw conclusions about the state of knowledge on classification practices as a whole. Nevertheless, the past several decades have seen an emphasis on objective classification, or empirically based strategies to make classification decisions. The use of risk assessment tools has become commonplace in this realm. Though past research focused on classification systems as a means to control and monitor inmates, a promising future direction lies in needs assessments and the ability to deliver individualized treatment to incarcerated individuals.

scholarly journals Frequently Consumed Foods and Energy Contributions among Food Secure and Insecure U.S. Children and Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Eicher-Miller ◽  
Carol J. Boushey ◽  
Regan L. Bailey ◽  
Yoon Jung Yang
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Food Security Status

Food insecurity is associated with nutritional risk in children. This study identified and compared the most frequently consumed foods, beverages, and food groups and their contributions to energy intake among U.S. children and adolescents (6–11, 12–17 years) by food security status. Dietary intake from the day-1, 24-h dietary recall, and household child food security status were analyzed in the 2007–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 8123). Foods and beverages were classified into food categories, ranked, and compared by weighted proportional frequency and energy contribution for food security groups by age. Significant differences between household child food security groups were determined using the Rao-Scott modified chi-square statistic. The weighted proportional frequency of beverages (including diet, sweetened, juice, coffee, and tea) and their energy was significantly higher among food insecure compared with food secure while the reverse was true for water frequency among 12–17 years. Beverage and mixed dish frequency were higher among food insecure compared with food secure 6–11 years while the reverse was true for frequency and energy from snacks. Frequency-differentiated intake patterns for beverages and snacks by food security across age groups may inform dietary recommendations, population-specific dietary assessment tools, interventions, and policy for food insecure children.

scholarly journals Validation of protein and potassium intakes assessed from 24 h recalls against levels estimated from 24 h urine samples in children and adolescents of Turkish descent living in Germany: results from the EVET! Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Bokhof ◽  
Anette E Buyken ◽  
Canan Doğan ◽  
Arzu Karaboğa ◽  
Josa Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Urine Sample ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Study Participants

AbstractObjectiveNutrition-related health problems such as obesity are frequent among children and adolescents of Turkish descent living in Germany, yet data on their dietary habits are scarce. One reason might be the lack of validated assessment tools for this target group. We therefore aimed to validate protein and K intakes from one 24 h recall against levels estimated from one 24 h urine sample in children and adolescents of Turkish descent living in Germany.DesignCross-sectional analyses comprised estimation of mean differences, Pearson correlation coefficients, cross-classifications and Bland–Altman plots to assess the agreement between the nutritional intake estimated from a single 24 h recall and a single 24 h urine sample collected on the previous day.SettingDortmund, Germany.SubjectsData from forty-three study participants (aged 5–18 years; 26 % overweight) with a traditional Turkish background were included.ResultsThe 24 h recall significantly overestimated mean protein and K intake by 10·7 g/d (95 % CI of mean difference: 0·6, 20·7 g/d) and 344 mg/d (95 % CI 8, 680 mg/d), respectively. Correlations between intake estimates were r = 0·25 (P = 0·1) and 0·31 (P = 0·05). Both methods classified 70 % and 69 % of the participants into the same/adjacent quartile of protein and K intake and misclassified 7 % and 7 %, respectively, into the opposite quartile. Bland–Altman plots indicated a wide scattering of differences in both protein and K intake.ConclusionsAmong children and adolescents of traditional Turkish descent living in Germany, one 24 h recall may only be valid for categorizing subjects into high, medium or low consumers.

scholarly journals Assessing food and nutrition literacy in children and adolescents: a systematic review of existing tools

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Nicholas Carroll ◽  
Maude Perreault ◽  
David WL Ma ◽  
Jess Haines
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Food Label ◽  
Specific Criterion ◽  
Food Literacy ◽  
Cosmin Checklist

Abstract Objective: Food literacy (FL) and nutrition literacy (NL) are concepts that can help individuals to navigate the current food environment. Building these skills and knowledge at a young age is important for skill retention, confidence in food practices and supporting lifelong healthy eating habits. The objectives of this systematic review were to: (i) identify existing tools that measure FL and NL among children and/or adolescents and (ii) describe the psychometric properties. Design: A 4-phase protocol was used to systematically retrieve articles. The search was performed in May 2021. Study characteristics and psychometric properties were extracted, and a narrative synthesis was used to summarise findings. Risk of bias was assessed using the COSMIN checklist. Setting: Six databases were searched to identify current tools. Participants: Children (2–12 years) and adolescents (13–18 years) participated in this study. Results: Twelve tools were identified. Three tools measured FL, 1 tool measured NL, 4 tools measured both FL and NL, and 4 tools measured subareas of NL—more specifically, critical NL, food label and menu board literacy. Most tools were self-reported, developed based on a theoretical framework and assessed some components of validity and/or reliability for a specific age and ethnic group. The majority of tools targeted older children and adolescents (9–18 years of age), and one tool targeted preschoolers (3–6 years of age). Conclusions: Most widely used definitions of FL and NL do not acknowledge life-stage specific criterion. Continued efforts are needed to develop a comprehensive definition and framework of FL and NL appropriate for children, which will help inform future assessment tools.

Models and Methods of Assessing Adaptive Behavior

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Hangauer ◽  
Jonathan Worcester ◽  
Kathleen Hague Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Systems Of Care ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Cultural Expectations ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Developmental Expectations ◽  
Adaptive Skill

This chapter will summarize contemporary models and methods used for the assessment of adaptive behavior functioning in children and adolescents. This chapter will also emphasize how to best use such assessment information for diagnostic and eligibility purposes and in developing interventions and support plans. We will review the use of traditional, norm-referenced adaptive behavior assessment tools as well as what will be referred to as “supplemental methods,” including the direct observation of adaptive skill functioning. The assessment of adaptive behavior with respect to developmental expectations, cultural expectations, systems of care, and legislation will also be discussed. Lastly, case studies will be presented to illustrate the usefulness of these methods in assessing individuals and planning effective interventions and services.

Resilience in Children and Adolescents Survived Psychologically Traumatic Life Events: A Critical Review of Application of Resilience Assessment Tools for Clinical Referral and Intervention

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483802093912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujata Satapathy ◽  
Saloni Dang ◽  
Rajesh Sagar ◽  
S. N. Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
History Of

Psychological traumatic life events (TLEs) and resilience, both are multidimensional, complex, and share salient features. Both are products of individual, familial, and environmental (socio-cultural-political contextual) variables, which is very crucial in children and adolescents. This systematic review used Boolean search strategies in electronic databases, namely, PubMED, PsycNET, JStor, and Google scholar. All researches not studying resilience per se but similar or related constructs such as life strengths, hardiness, protective/risk factors, social support, self-efficacy, social-emotional adjustment, and so on were excluded. A total of 12 resilience tools meant for children between 5 and 18 years were reviewed. The scale characteristics were analyzed in terms of targeted age-group of sample; purpose (i.e. screening and profiling for intervention); number of items; purpose/type of scale; year, country, and domain wise distribution; response format, standardization sample profile; psychometric properties; and availability of manual with norms of cutoff score. Although no scale was originally developed for children and adolescent population with history of TLEs particularly various forms of abuse and trauma, Child and Youth Resilience Measure and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale had small samples of children from welfare homes. Neither did any scale tested the divergent validity against absence of any psychopathology or global functioning or poor quality of life Nor did Majority of scales provide a cutoff value for institutionalized children and adolescents with history of TLEs; therefore, using an existing scale for this purpose should be carefully examined. Trauma-focused multidimensionality in resilience needs to be explored more rigorously through mixed methods.

scholarly journals The Effects of Active Video Games on Health-Related Physical Fitness and Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents with Healthy Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6965
Author(s):  
Cristina Comeras-Chueca ◽  
Jorge Marin-Puyalto ◽  
Angel Matute-Llorente ◽  
German Vicente-Rodriguez ◽  
Jose A. Casajus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Muscular Fitness ◽  
Active Video Games ◽  
Active Video ◽  
Health Related

(1) Background: Poor levels of physical fitness and motor skills are problems for today’s children. Active video games (AVG) could be an attractive strategy to help address them. The aim was to investigate the effects of AVG on health-related physical fitness and motor competence in children and adolescents with healthy weight. (2) Methods: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of AVG programs on health-related physical fitness and motor competence were included. Two different quality assessment tools were used to measure the risk of bias. Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria and the variables of interest were body mass index (BMI), body fat, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness and motor competence. (3) Results: AVG interventions seem to have benefits in BMI when lasting longer than 18 weeks (SMD, −0.590; 95% IC, −1.071, −0.108) and in CRF (SMD, 0.438; 95% IC, 0.022, 0.855). AVG seems to be a promising tool to improve muscular fitness and motor competence but the effects are still unclear due to the lack of evidence. (4) Conclusions: AVG seem to be an effective tool for improving some components of health-related physical fitness and motor competence in healthy-weight children and adolescents, but the effect on some fitness components needs further research. Therefore, AVG may be included as a strategy to improve health.

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