scholarly journals Frequently Consumed Foods and Energy Contributions among Food Secure and Insecure U.S. Children and Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Eicher-Miller ◽  
Carol J. Boushey ◽  
Regan L. Bailey ◽  
Yoon Jung Yang
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Food Security Status

Food insecurity is associated with nutritional risk in children. This study identified and compared the most frequently consumed foods, beverages, and food groups and their contributions to energy intake among U.S. children and adolescents (6–11, 12–17 years) by food security status. Dietary intake from the day-1, 24-h dietary recall, and household child food security status were analyzed in the 2007–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 8123). Foods and beverages were classified into food categories, ranked, and compared by weighted proportional frequency and energy contribution for food security groups by age. Significant differences between household child food security groups were determined using the Rao-Scott modified chi-square statistic. The weighted proportional frequency of beverages (including diet, sweetened, juice, coffee, and tea) and their energy was significantly higher among food insecure compared with food secure while the reverse was true for water frequency among 12–17 years. Beverage and mixed dish frequency were higher among food insecure compared with food secure 6–11 years while the reverse was true for frequency and energy from snacks. Frequency-differentiated intake patterns for beverages and snacks by food security across age groups may inform dietary recommendations, population-specific dietary assessment tools, interventions, and policy for food insecure children.

scholarly journals Low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity of children and adolescents from a Brazilian region of low economic status

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dartagnan Pinto Guedes ◽  
Francisléia Nascimento Almeida ◽  
Jaime Tolentino M. Neto ◽  
Maria de Fátima de M. Maia ◽  
Thatiana Maia Tolentino
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Weight Excess

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity in a representative sample of children and adolescents from a Brazilian region with low economic development. METHODS: A total of 982 girls and 986 boys, aged seven to 17 years old and assisted by Segundo Tempo Program, from Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were included in the study. Low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity were defined based on body mass cut-off indexes recommended by the International Obesity Task Force. The prevalence of the nutritional status according to sex and age was compared by chi-square test. RESULTS: In girls, the frequency of low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity was 4.1, 18.4 and 3.8%, respectively; in boys, these percentages were 6.3, 13.2 and 2.9%, respectively. The low body weight/thinness for girls raised from 2.7% (7-10 years old) to 5.5% (15-17 years old); the body weight excess (overweight and obesity) decreased from 30.1 to 16.2% for the same age groups. In boys, the corresponding trends were from 3.2 to 9.4% for low body weight/thinness, and from 23.4 to 9.2%, for body weight excess. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that, even in a region with low economic status, the body weight excess was the main problem associated with nutritional health. The high overweight and obesity prevalence rates indicate the need of public policies for promoting healthy feeding behaviors and physical activity.

scholarly journals Measuring energy, macro and micronutrient intake in UK children and adolescents: a comparison of validated dietary assessment tools

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A. Bush ◽  
Jayne Hutchinson ◽  
Jozef Hooson ◽  
Marisol Warthon-Medina ◽  
Neil Hancock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Validation Studies ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Review Of Reviews ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Measuring dietary intake in children and adolescents can be challenging due to misreporting, difficulties in establishing portion size and reliance on recording dietary data via proxy reporters. The aim of this review was to present results from a recent systematic review of reviews reporting and comparing validated dietary assessment tools used in younger populations in the UK. Methods Validation data for dietary assessment tools used in younger populations (≤18 years) were extracted and summarised using results from a systematic review of reviews of validated dietary assessment tools. Mean differences and Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LOA) between the test and reference tool were extracted or calculated and compared for energy, macronutrients and micronutrients. Results Seventeen studies which reported validation of 14 dietary assessment tools (DATs) were identified with relevant nutrition information. The most commonly validated nutrients were energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, calcium, iron, folate and vitamin C. There were no validated DATs reporting assessment of zinc, iodine or selenium intake. The most frequently used reference method was the weighed food diary, followed by doubly labelled water and 24 h recall. Summary plots were created to facilitate comparison between tools. On average, the test tools reported higher mean intakes than the reference methods with some studies consistently reporting wide LOA. Out of the 14 DATs, absolute values for LOA and mean difference were obtained for 11 DATs for EI. From the 24 validation results assessing EI, 16 (67%) reported higher mean intakes than the reference. Of the seven (29%) validation studies using doubly labelled water (DLW) as the reference, results for the test DATs were not substantially better or worse than those using other reference measures. Further information on the studies from this review is available on the www.nutritools.org website. Conclusions Validated dietary assessment tools for use with children and adolescents in the UK have been identified and compared. Whilst tools are generally validated for macronutrient intakes, micronutrients are poorly evaluated. Validation studies that include estimates of zinc, selenium, dietary fibre, sugars and sodium are needed.

scholarly journals Acute malnutrition is associated with the high nutritional risk obtained by STRONGkids in children and adolescents with infectious diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e407101119859
Author(s):  
Francisca Maria da Silva ◽  
Francisca Isabelle da Silva e Sousa ◽  
Alexandre Danton Viana Pinheiro ◽  
Ribanna Aparecida Marques Braga ◽  
Maria Luisa Pereira de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: In this study, we aim to evaluate whether the presence of malnutrition in children and adolescents with infectious diseases is associated with high nutritional risk obtained by the STRONGkids instrument. Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising 237 hospitalized patients aged between 30 days and 18 years. Identification and diagnosis data, weight and height were collected. STRONGkids determined nutritional risk. Acute malnutrition was classified by BMI/age Z score < - 2 and chronic by Height/age Z score < - 2. Associations between categorical variables were verified using Pearson's chi-square test. A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between anthropometric parameters of malnutrition and nutritional risk. It was considered significant p< 0,05. Results: In multiple analysis, it was observed that having malnutrition as of BMI/age increases the chance by 5.68 of having high nutritional risk by the STRONGKids instrument, regardless of age, sex and the presence of poverty-related infectious diseases (OR: 5.68; 95% CI: 1.54-20.93; p=0.009). Conclusion: In summary, for patients with infectious diseases, acute malnutrition (BMI/age) is associated directly with the diagnosis of high nutritional risk by STRONGkids.

scholarly journals Estimation of typical food portion sizes for children of different ages in Great Britain

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 1344-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy L. Wrieden ◽  
Patricia J. Longbottom ◽  
Ashley J. Adamson ◽  
Simon A. Ogston ◽  
Anne Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Food Portion ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Typical Food ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
The Uk

It is often the case in dietary assessment that it is not practicable to weigh individual intakes of foods eaten. The aim of the work described was to estimate typical food portion weights for children of different ages. Using the data available from the British National Diet and Nutrition Surveys of children aged 1½–4½ years (1992–1993) and young people aged 4–18 years (1997), descriptive statistics were obtained, and predicted weights were calculated by linear, quadratic and exponential regression for each age group. Following comparison of energy and nutrient intakes calculated from actual (from an earlier weighed intake study) and estimated portion weights, the final list of typical portion sizes was based on median portion weights for the 1–3- and 4–6-year age groups, and age-adjusted means using linear regression for the 7–10-, 11–14- and 15–18-year age groups. The number of foods recorded by fifty or more children was 133 for each of the younger age groups (1–3 and 4–6 years) and seventy-five for each of the older age groups. The food portion weights covered all food groups. All portion sizes increased with age with the exception of milk in tea or coffee. The present study draws on a unique source of weighed data on food portions of a large sample of children that is unlikely to be repeated and therefore provides the best possible estimates of children's food portion sizes in the UK.

scholarly journals Food security and coping strategies of a rural community within the Valley of a Thousand Hills

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Leigh Felt
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Anthropometric Features ◽  
Food Variety ◽  
The Mean ◽  
24 Hour Recall

Food security is a global concern and the insecurity thereof is prevalent in South Africa even though the country is deemed to be secure in terms of food availability. The study was conducted to determine the socio-economic, health and nutrition and food security status of the community living in the Valley of a Thousand Hills in KwaZulu Natal, in addition to analysing their coping strategies. Two hundred and fifty seven respondents were required to participate in this study. Data were collected by interviewing the respondents using pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaires; socio demographic questionnaires, dietary intake questionnaires- namely 24 hour recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the coping strategy questionnaires were used. Lastly anthropometric measurements were taken to determine BMI. A prevalence of extreme poverty exists as a magnitude of the high unemployment rate, out of which 75.8% had been unemployed for more than 3 years. The household monthly income was less than R500 per month for 37.3% of the respondents. The mean Food Variety Scores (FVS) (±SD) for all foods consumed from the food groups during seven days was 22.45 (±10.32), indicating a low food variety score. In this study the food group diversity is summarized as the majority of the respondents (91.1%, n=226) being classified with a good dietary diversity score using 6-9 food groups. The mean of the three 24-Hour recall nutrient analysis indicated a deficient intake by both men and women in all of the nutrients (100% of the men and women could not meet the DRI’s for energy and calcium) except for the mean (±SD) carbohydrate intake by men aged 19-50 (214.71 ± 80.22). The main source of food intake was from the carbohydrate food group with an insufficient intake of animal products, dairy products and fruits and vegetables respectively; contributing to the macro and micro nutrient inadequacies. Ninety six percent of this community experienced some level of food insecurity with the worst Coping Strategy Index food insecurity score being 117 out of a possible 175. Four percent of this community was classified as being food secure. Overweight and obesity were the most exceptional anthropometric features by the women respondents with 26.5% (n=66) being overweight and 57% (n=142) obese. The men’s anthropometric features were predominantly normal weight. This study has established poverty and unemployment as being the principal contributors for the food insecurity experienced by the populace and poor dietary intakes. The low food variety diet consumed by the respondents resulted in the DRI’s not achieved for most nutrients. The majority of the respondents only consumed two meals a day, as a coping strategy to reduce/prevent temporary food insecurity. Intervention strategies are needed to improve the food security status and dietary intake of the community members to overcome the crisis of malnutrition.

scholarly journals Dietary Sugar Intake and Its Association with Obesity in Children and Adolescents

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Emmanuella Magriplis ◽  
George Michas ◽  
Evgenia Petridi ◽  
George P. Chrousos ◽  
Eleftheria Roma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Sweetened Beverages

Sugar intake has been associated with increased prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity; however, results remain controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the probability of overweight/obesity with higher sugar intakes, accounting for other dietary intakes. Data from 1165 children and adolescents aged ≥2–18 years (66.8% males) enrolled in the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey (HNNHS) were used; specifically, 781 children aged 2–11 years and 384 adolescents 12–18 years. Total and added sugar intake were assessed using two 24 h recalls (24 hR). Foods were categorized into specific food groups to evaluate the main foods contributing to intakes. A significant proportion of children (18.7%) and adolescents (24.5%) exceeded the recommended cut-off of 10% of total energy intake from added sugars. Sweets (29.8%) and processed/refined grains and cereals (19.1%) were the main sources of added sugars in both age groups, while in adolescents, the third main contributor was sugar-sweetened beverages (20.6%). Being overweight or obese was 2.57 (p = 0.002) and 1.77 (p = 0.047) times more likely for intakes ≥10% of total energy from added sugars compared to less <10%, when accounting for food groups and macronutrient intakes, respectively. The predicted probability of becoming obese was also significant with higher total and added-sugar consumption. We conclude that high consumption of added sugars increased the probability for overweight/obesity among youth, irrespectively of other dietary or macronutrient intakes.

scholarly journals DINO (Diet In Nutrients Out) – an integrated dietary assessment system

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Fitt ◽  
Darren Cole ◽  
Nida Ziauddeen ◽  
David Pell ◽  
Elizabeth Stickley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Human Nutrition Research ◽  
Portion Sizes

AbstractObjectiveThe current paper describes Diet In Nutrients Out (DINO), an integrated dietary assessment system incorporating dietary data entry and nutritional analysis within one platform for use in dietary assessment in small-scale intervention studies to national surveys.DesignDINO contains >6000 food items, mostly aggregated composites of branded foods, across thirty-one main food groups divided into 151 subsidiary groups for detailed reporting requirements, with fifty-three core nutrient fields.SettingMRC Human Nutrition Research (HNR), Cambridge, UK and MRC Keneba, Gambia.SubjectsDINO is used across dietary assessment projects at HNR and MRC Keneba.ResultsDINO contains macro- and micronutrients as well as additional variables of current research and policy interest, such as caffeine, whole grains, vitamin K and added sugars. Disaggregated data are available for fruit, vegetables, meat, fish and cheese in composite foods, enabling greater accuracy when reporting food consumption or assessing adherence to dietary recommendations. Portion sizes are categorised in metric and imperial weights, with standardised portion sizes for each age group. Regular reviews are undertaken for portion sizes and food composition to ensure contemporary relevance. A training programme and a checking schedule are adhered to for quality assurance purposes, covering users and data. Eating context questions are integrated to record where and with whom the respondent is eating, allowing examination between these factors and the foods consumed.ConclusionsAn up-to-date quality-assured system for dietary assessment is crucial for nutritional surveillance and research, but needs to have the flexibility to be tailored to address specific research questions.

scholarly journals The Fitness Barometer: A Best Practice Example for Monitoring Motor Performance With Pooled Data Collected From Practitioners

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Eberhardt ◽  
Klaus Bös ◽  
Claudia Niessner
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Motor Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction: Motor Performance (MP) in children is an important resource for their future active lifestyle and health. Monitoring of MP is crucial to derive information of trends and to implement specific programs on the base of current MP levels. A variety of MP assessment tools exist, making it difficult to determine a “gold-standard” for assessment and to compare the findings. In Germany, the German Motor Test 6–18 (GMT 6–18) and Kinderturntest Plus 3–10 (KITT+ 3–10) are widely used MP assessment tools. The aim of this paper is to show which key questions can be answered within the context of a best practice example of a MP assessment tool and what can be derived from this for a practical application (the Fitness Barometer).Methods: The raw data of the Fitness Barometer was collected with the MP assessment tools GMT 6–18 and KITT+ 3–10 from 2012 through 2020. Data was pooled anonymously with the e-Research infrastructure MO|REdata and categorized into percentiles for MP and BMI. Overall, we included data of 23,864 children for the statistical analyses. T-tests for independent samples, percentage frequency analysis, descriptive statistics (chi- square-test) and single analysis of variance were conducted.Results and Discussion: Children tested reached a mean value of 57.03 (SD = 18.85). Of the sample, 12.7% children were overweight or obese and there is a significant difference between age groups [χ(4)2 = 178.62, p &lt; 0.001, Cramer V = 0.09; n = 23.656]. The relationship between BMI category and mean value of MP was significant [F(4,19,523) = 224.81, p &lt; 0.001]. During 2020, the year of the COVID-19 pandemic, mean value of endurance and speed decreased [Welch's F(1,573) = 8.08, p = 0.005; Welch's F(1,610) = 35.92, p &lt; 0.001]. The GMT 6–18 and KITT+ 3–10 are valid, objective, reliable, and economic MP assessment tools for monitoring MP levels and derive added practical value. Specific programs and interventions should focus on the findings of these. The Fitness Barometer is a best practice example how a standardized assessment tool of monitoring MP point to trends on which practical evidence-based suggestions can be derived with many various partners and expertise.

Effects of gender-based roles on farm households’ food security status in rural areas of Kogi State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
G.O. Akinsola ◽  
A.A. Ezekiel ◽  
T.B. Ajibade ◽  
I.J. Olaoye ◽  
O.A. Owootomo
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Food Security Status

Gender is one of the key issues of discourse among policy experts, research scholars and government as part of the sustainable development goals. In this paper, we examined gender roles in food security among farming households in Kogi state, Nigeria. First, we assessed the food security status of the farm households. Second, the contributions of gender in household security status were identified. A three-stage sampling technique was used to select 120 farm households and data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire. In the study we employed the use of food security index, chi square test and logistic regression analysis. The results revealed that only about 35% of the households are food secure (>2470 kcal/AE/day). The logistic regression model shows that fitted model is statistically significant with the log likelihood of 118.691 and Chi-square of 59.19 (P value < 0.05) with the R2 of 0.61. Household size, access to credit and membership of social groups are significant factors influencing households’ food security status. Therefore, the study recommends that women empowerments should be inculcated into the mainstream of any government policy targeted at ensuring food security of rural households.

Nutritional assessment in the cat: Practical recommendations for better medical care

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Witzel Rollins ◽  
Maryanne Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
The Body ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Examination Time ◽  
Body Condition Scoring

Practical relevance: Pet owners want dietary recommendations from their veterinarian. Providing a brief nutritional assessment for every cat at every visit will result in better medical care and build trust with clients. Clinical challenges: Examination time is limited, and it can be challenging to ensure appointments are efficient, yet thorough. A range of practical assessment tools is available that can assist with this process. Patient group: Every cat can benefit from a screening nutritional evaluation as the fifth vital assessment (after temperature, pulse, respiration and pain assessment). Identifying patients with nutritional risk factors or nutrition-responsive diseases should prompt a more in-depth review of dietary needs. Audience: This article is aimed at all veterinary health professionals and is accompanied by videos demonstrating the body condition scoring process for a series of cats ranging from ideal body weight through to obese. Evidence base: Information in the review is drawn from the current scientific literature, as well as the clinical experience of the authors.

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