scholarly journals Case Series of Arterial Gas Embolism Incidents in U.S. Navy Pressurized Submarine Escape Training From 2018 to 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Edgar ◽  
Michael A Franco ◽  
Hugh M Dainer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Escape Training ◽  
Gas Embolism ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Arterial Gas Embolism ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT The goal of Pressurized Submarine Escape Training (PSET) is to prepare future submariners for the physical and mental challenges of escaping a disabled submarine and promote proper handling of the Beaufort Ltd Mk 11 Submarine Escape and Immersion Equipment suit. Training participants are only permitted to enter PSET after strict health screening protocols have been met to optimize trainees’ safety. Before PSET, trainees are given detailed, one-on-one instruction on proper ascent mechanics by specially trained Navy Dive instructors. Since the reinstatement of PSET by the U.S. Navy, four incidents of arterial gas embolism (AGE) have occurred in submarine trainees with a 10-year period (2009-2019). Of these four incidents, three were observed within a couple months of each other from 2018 to 2019. A comprehensive review of AGE history, epidemiology, dive physiology, pathophysiology, and management was completed. Prompted by the recent incidents relative to the low reported incidence rate of AGE in historical PSET training, reported potential risk factors were compared with better understand potential etiologies of AGE in already medically screened individuals. Risks and benefits of PSET were listed, compared, and analyzed. The relative safety and cost effectiveness of this rigorous form of training was reconfirmed.

scholarly journals Pulmonary barotrauma with cerebral arterial gas embolism from a depth of 0.75−1.2 metres of fresh water or less: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-226
Author(s):  
Ulrika Lindblom ◽  
◽  
Carl Tosterud ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Escape Training ◽  
Gas Embolism ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Barotrauma ◽  
Altered Level ◽  
Oxygen Treatment ◽  
Arterial Gas Embolism ◽  
Level Of Consciousness

During underwater vehicle escape training with compressed air, a fit 26-year-old soldier suffered pulmonary barotrauma with cerebral arterial gas embolism after surfacing from a depth of 0.75–1.2 metres of freshwater or less. She presented with an altered level of consciousness. Rapid neurological examination noted slurred speech, a sensory deficit and right hemiparesis. Eleven hours after the accident, hyperbaric oxygen treatment was initiated using US Navy Treatment Table 6. The soldier almost completely recovered after repeated hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Given the very shallow depth this is an unusual case with only two similar case reports published previously.

scholarly journals The Factors Associated with the Fatal Outcome of Stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andjela Milojevic Samanovic ◽  
Dragan Milovanovic ◽  
Vladimir Gajic ◽  
Aleksandar Raskovic ◽  
Dragan Milojevic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Neurology Clinic ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors associated with the fatal outcome of stroke. The research was designed as observational, non-interventional study, conducted by the type of case series, and it included 290 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of stroke at Neurology Clinic of the Clinical Center Kragujevac during the observed period from 01/02/2013 to 31/01/2014. The data used for the research were: documentation of Neurology Clinic of the Clinical Center Kragujevac, documentation of the Institute of Public Health Kragujevac and patients’ questionnaires. The results of univariate binary logistic regression pointed out a relevant connection between the fatal outcome of stroke and age (p˂ 0.0001), gender (p˂ 0.0001), the severity of the disease (p = 0.002), smoking (p = 0.021), care for the parents’ health (p = 0.018), the concern about business problems (p = 0.018), while the influence of antidepressants was indicative (p = 0.066), whereas using the multivariate binary logistic regression, it was concluded that age (OR=1.096; 95% CI=1.059-1.134; p<0.001), the severity of the disease (OR=4.324; 95% CI=1.256-14.885; p=0.020) and the use of antidepressants (OR=5.578; 95% CI=1.178-26.423; p=0.030) were factors independently associated with the mortality rate. These findings suggest that it would be useful to carry out additional comprehensive research about all potential risk factors for the occurrence of stroke, and also to establish all the steps that can be taken in order to identify and detect risk factors, their elimination or reduction, and, accordingly, to take aggressive measures of primary and secondary prevention.

Sympathetic ophthalmia: Report of a case series and comprehensive review of the literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212097735
Author(s):  
Jing Yang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Ruotian Xie ◽  
Xiaorong Li ◽  
Xiaomin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Sympathetic Ophthalmia ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation ◽  
Ocular Therapy ◽  
Best Corrected Visual Acuity

Purpose: To evaluate the factors related to sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) in a series of patients in our ophthalmology center and previously published cases. Methods: A retrospective and noncomparative review was performed on 16 patients with SO attending our ophthalmology center from 2013 to 2019. A total of 87 previously published cases of SO were identified by searching the Medline database from 2009 to 2019. Results: Sixteen patients were included in the analysis, and six cases were induced by transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TCP). All patients had achieved controlled inflammation at their last follow-up visit. Thirteen patients (81.3%) had improved best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). A review of the literature revealed 87 previously reported cases of SO. Shared clinical features and treatment outcomes were summarized. Conclusion: Ocular therapies, including both penetrating ocular therapy and non-penetrating ocular intervention, have become increasingly prevalent risk factors for SO, and the latent period has increased compared to past reports. Visual prognosis with appropriate medical management is relatively good.

scholarly journals Eating Disorders in Males: A Case Series Study to Evaluate Putative Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-236
Author(s):  
Bárbara C. Machado ◽  
Ana I. Vieira ◽  
Isabel Brandão ◽  
Inês Buinhas ◽  
Natália Granja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eating Disorders Examination ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Series Study

This case series aimed to describe the clinical features and symptomatic onset of eating disorders (EDs), to characterize male puberty development and to identify potential risk factors (RFs) for EDs and specific life events preceding ED symptoms. Ten males with current ED diagnoses participated in this study. All participants were interviewed with the Eating Disorders Examination, the Oxford Risk Factor Interview, and a semi-structured clinical interview for the evaluation of males’ puberty development. Almost all participants began their EDs with dieting. Half of the participants mentioned the development of muscle mass and experiences of embarrassment related to undressing in front of their peers. A history of peer aggression and/or teasing was the only RF experienced by all the participants.

Premature Arterial Disease Associated with Familial Antithrombin III Deficiency

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (01) ◽  
pp. 013-015 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Johnson ◽  
C R M Prentice ◽  
L A Parapia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Arterial Thromboembolism ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Antithrombin Iii Deficiency

SummaryAntithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency is one of the few known abnormalities of the coagulation system known to predispose to venous thromboembolism but its relation to arterial disease is not established. We describe two related patients with this disorder, both of whom suffered arterial thrombotic events, at an early age. Both patients had other potential risk factors, though these would normally be considered unlikely to lead to such catastrophic events at such an age. Thrombosis due to ATIII deficiency is potentially preventable, and this diagnosis should be sought more frequently in patients with arterial thromboembolism, particularly if occurring at a young age. In addition, in patients with known ATIII deficiency, other risk factors for arterial disease should be eliminated, if possible. In particular, these patients should be counselled against smoking.

Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among Vietnamese adults: prevalence, risk factors and antibiotic susceptibility profile

MedPharmRes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Nguyen Phan ◽  
Hien Pham ◽  
Thuc Nguyen ◽  
Hoai Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Weight History ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vietnamese Community

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has long been recognized as an important human pathogen causing many severe diseases. It is also a part of human normal flora with its ecological niche in the human anterior nares. This study focused on screening S. aureus nasal carriage in community and its relationship to human physiological and pathological factors which have not been studied in Vietnam previously. Two hundred and five volunteers in Ho Chi Minh City from 18 to 35 and over 59 years old both male and female participated in the study. Result showed that the prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage in southern Vietnamese community was relatively low, only 11.2% (23/205), much lower than that in other international reports on human S. aureus. In addition, nasal carriage of the older age group (> 59 years old, 13.7%) was higher than that of younger age (18-35 years old, 10.4%). Other potential risk factors such as gender, career, height, weight, history of antibiotic usage, daily nasal wash, use of nasal medication sprays, acne problems, smoking and nasal problems showed no significant impact on S. aureus carriage. The obtained S. aureus nasal isolates were all sensitive to vancomycin. Lincomycin and tetracycline had low resistance rate with 4.3 % and 17.4 %, respectively. However, the isolates showed particularly high rate of multidrug resistance (54.2%) In summary, our data provided researchers an overview on S. aureus nasal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility profile of the community- isolated S. aureus in Vietnam. This would serve as valuable information on assessing risk of community-acquired S. aureus infections.

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