Depression and Anxiety as Mediators of PTSD Symptom Clusters and Pain in Treatment-Seeking Canadian Forces Members and Veterans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Roth ◽  
Lisa King ◽  
Don Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Ptsd Symptom ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Pain Subscale ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Pain Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Introduction Chronic pain (CP) commonly presents alongside psychiatric conditions such as depression, PTSD, and generalized anxiety. The current study sought to better understand this complex relationship by determining whether anxiety and depression symptom severity mediated the relationship between DSM-5 PTSD symptom clusters and pain symptoms in a sample of 663 Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel and veterans seeking treatment for mental health conditions. Materials and Methods Generalized anxiety disorder, depression, and PTSD symptom severity were measured using self-report scales provided as part of a standard intake protocol. Pain symptoms were measured using the Bodily Pain subscale of the SF-36 (SF-36 BPS). Linear regressions were used to explore the relationship between PTSD symptom clusters, depression, anxiety, and pain. Bootstrapped resampling analyses were employed to test mediation effects. Results The average SF-36 BPS score in this sample was 36.6, nearly 1.5 SDs below the population health status, enforcing the salience of pain symptoms as a concern for veterans and CAF seeking treatment for military-related psychiatric conditions. The effects of PTSD symptom clusters avoidance, negative mood and cognitions, and arousal on pain were fully mediated by anxiety and depression severity. However, the effect of intrusion on pain was not mediated by depression and only partly mediated by anxiety. Conclusion Findings emphasize the importance of including anxiety and depression in models of PTSD and pain, particularly in samples where psychiatric comorbidity is high. Clinically, results highlight the need for improved treatment regimens that address pain symptoms alongside common psychiatric comorbidities.

Gender Differences in Complex Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, and Their Relationship to Mental Health and Substance Abuse Outcomes in Incarcerated Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1133-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulette Giarratano ◽  
Julian D. Ford ◽  
Thomas H. Nochajski
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Ptsd Symptom ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Ptsd Symptom Severity ◽  
The Relationship

Complex trauma (CT; for example, childhood abuse) has been associated with significant behavioral health problems (i.e., mental health and substance use disorders) and symptoms that are consistent with complex posttraumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD). CT is prevalent in adult forensic populations, and particularly important for women as they tend to report more adverse consequences of exposure to traumatic stressors and are entering the criminal justice system at a heightened rate compared with men. However, no studies have empirically tested the relationship among CT, C-PTSD, and behavioral health problems with gender among incarcerated adults. The present study examined the relationship between gender and childhood abuse history, C-PTSD symptom severity, and behavioral health problems in 497 incarcerated adults. Findings indicate that women were more likely to report a history of childhood abuse, and more severe C-PTSD symptoms and behavioral health problems than men. Childhood abuse history significantly accounted for the gender difference observed in C-PTSD symptom severity. C-PTSD partially mediated the gender difference in psychiatric morbidity and in risk of hard drug use. Implications for trauma-informed and gender-responsive services and research in the adult criminal justice system are discussed.

scholarly journals The relationship between negative expressivity, anger, and PTSD symptom clusters

2016 ◽  
Vol 243 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Claycomb ◽  
Michelle E. Roley ◽  
Ateka A. Contractor ◽  
Cherie Armour ◽  
Paula Dranger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ptsd Symptom ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
The Relationship

The Role of Sensorimotor Incongruence in Pain in Professional Dancers

Motor Control ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Anne Roussel ◽  
Margot De Kooning ◽  
Jo Nijs ◽  
Patrick Cras ◽  
Kristien Wouters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bimanual Coordination ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Coordination Test ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Sensory Changes ◽  
Pain Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship

This study evaluated whether dancers with pain experience more sensory changes during an experimentally induced sensorimotor incongruent task and explored the relationship between sensorimotor incongruence and self-reported measures (e.g., Short Form 36-questionnaire (SF-36), psychosocial variables and physical activity). Forty-four dancers were subjected to a bimanual coordination test simulating sensorimotor incongruence (i.e., performing congruent and incongruent arm movements while viewing a whiteboard or mirror) and completed standardized questionnaires. Significantly more dancers experienced sensory changes during the performance of incongruent movements while viewing a mirror (p < .01), but the intensity of the reported sensations was very low. No differences were observed between dancers with and without baseline pain, but significant negative associations were found between sensorimotor incongruence and subscores of the SF-36. Sensorimotor incongruence can provoke small sensory changes in dancers but appears unrelated to baseline pain symptoms. Sensorimotor incongruence appears to be related to quality of life.

scholarly journals The relationship between symptom burden and systemic inflammation differs between male and female athletes following concussion.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex P Di Battista ◽  
Nathan Churchill ◽  
Shawn G. Rhind ◽  
Doug Richards ◽  
Michael G. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Inflammation appears to be an important component of concussion pathophysiology. However, its relationship to symptom burden is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers measured in the blood of male and female athletes following sport-related concussion (SRC). Results Forty athletes (n = 20 male, n = 20 female) from nine interuniversity sport teams at a single institution provided blood samples within one week of an SRC. Twenty inflammatory biomarkers were quantitated by immunoassay. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool version 5 (SCAT-5) was used to evaluate symptoms. Partial least squares (PLS) analyses were used to evaluate the relationship(s) between biomarkers and symptoms. In males, a positive correlation between interferon (IFN)-g and symptom severity was observed following SRC. The relationship between IFN-g and symptoms was significant among all symptom clusters, with cognitive symptoms displaying the largest effect. In females, a significant negative relationship was observed between symptom severity and cytokines IFN-g, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, and myeloperoxidase (MPO); a positive relationship was observed between symptom severity and MCP-4. Inflammatory mediators were significantly associated with all symptom clusters in females; the somatic symptom cluster displayed the largest effect. Conclusion: These results provide supportive evidence for a divergent role of inflammation on symptom burden in male and female athletes following SRC. Future investigations in SRC should be cognizant of the potentially sex-specific pathophysiology underlying symptom presentation.

Age differences in PTSD among Canadian veterans: age and health as predictors of PTSD severity

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace Konnert ◽  
May Wong
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Ptsd Symptom ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Ptsd Symptom Severity ◽  
Ptsd Severity

ABSTRACTBackground:To date, few studies have investigated age differences in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and none has examined age differences across symptom clusters: avoidance, re-experiencing, and hyperarousal. The first objective of this study was to investigate age differences in PTSD and its three symptom clusters. The second objective was to examine age and indices of health as predictors of PTSD symptom severity.Methods:Participants were 104 male veterans, aged 22 to 87 years, receiving specialized mental health outpatient services. Assessments included measures of health-related quality of life, pain severity, number of chronic health conditions, and symptoms of PTSD, both in total and on the symptom clusters.Results:There were significant age differences across age groups, with older veterans consistently reporting lower PTSD symptom severity, both in total and on each of the symptom clusters. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the inclusion of health indices accounted for significantly more variance in PTSD symptoms over and above that accounted for by age alone. Pain severity was a significant predictor of PTSD total and the three symptom clusters.Conclusions: This is the first study to report lower levels of PTSD severity among older veterans across symptom clusters. These findings are discussed in relation to age differences in the experiencing and processing of emotion, autobiographical memory, and combat experiences. This study also emphasizes the importance of assessing pain in those with symptoms of PTSD, particularly older veterans who are less likely to receive specialized mental healthcare.

The relationship between distress tolerance regulation, counterfactual rumination, and PTSD symptom clusters

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Claycomb Erwin ◽  
Melissa A. Mitchell ◽  
Ateka A. Contractor ◽  
Paula Dranger ◽  
Ruby Charak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distress Tolerance ◽  
Ptsd Symptom ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
The Relationship
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