BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey – XIX. Type 1 versus type 2 AGN dichotomy from the point of view of ionized outflows

ABSTRACT We present a detailed study of ionized outflows in a large sample of ∼650 hard X-ray-detected active galactic neuclei (AGNs). Using optical spectroscopy from the BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey (BASS), we are able to reveal the faint wings of the [O iii] emission lines associated with outflows covering, for the first time, an unexplored range of low AGN bolometric luminosity at low redshift (z ∼0.05). We test if and how the incidence and velocity of ionized outflow is related to AGN physical parameters: black hole mass ($\rm \mathit{ M}_{BH}$), gas column density ($\rm \mathit{ N}_{H}$), Eddington ratio ($\rm \lambda _{Edd}$), [O iii], X-ray, and bolometric luminosities. We find a higher occurrence of ionized outflows in type 1.9 (55 per cent) and type 1 AGNs (46 per cent) with respect to type 2 AGNs (24 per cent). While outflows in type 2 AGNs are evenly balanced between blue and red velocity offsets with respect to the [O iii] narrow component, they are almost exclusively blueshifted in type 1 and type 1.9 AGNs. We observe a significant dependence between the outflow occurrence and accretion rate, which becomes relevant at high Eddington ratios [log($\rm \lambda _{Edd}$) ≳ −1.7]. We interpret such behaviour in the framework of covering factor-Eddington ratio dependence. We do not find strong trends of the outflow maximum velocity with AGN physical parameters, as an increase with bolometric luminosity can be only identified when including samples of AGNs at high luminosity and high redshift taken from literature.

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AGN1 vs AGN2 dichotomy as seen from the point of view of ionized outflows

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921320002677 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (S356) ◽

pp. 96-96

Author(s):

Eleonora Sani

Keyword(s):

Accretion Rate ◽

Point Of View ◽

Emission Lines ◽

Black Hole Mass ◽

X Ray ◽

Bolometric Luminosity ◽

Wide Range ◽

Strong Contrast

AbstractI present a detailed study of ionized outflows in a large sample of 650 hard X-ray detected AGN. Taking advantage of the legacy value of the BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey (BASS, DR1), we are able to reveal the faintest wings of the [OIII] emission lines associated with outflows. The sample allows us to derive the incidence of outflows covering a wide range of AGN bolometric luminosity and test how the outflow parameters are related with various AGN power tracers, such as black hole mass, Eddington ratio, luminosity. I’ll show how ionized outflows are more frequently found in type 1.9 and type 1 AGN (50% and 40%) with respect to the low fraction in type 2 AGN (20%). Within such a framework, I’ll demonstrate how type 2 AGN outflows are almost evenly balanced between blue- and red-shifted winds. This, in strong contrast with type 1 and type 1.9 AGN outflows which are almost exclusively blue-shifted. Finally, I’ll prove how the outflow occurrence is driven by the accretion rate, whereas the dependence of outflow properties with respect to the other AGN power tracers happens to be quite mild.

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Soft gamma-ray selected giant radio galaxies: an update

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ◽

10.1093/mnras/staa3212 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 500 (3) ◽

pp. 3111-3122

Author(s):

L Bassani ◽

F Ursini ◽

A Malizia ◽

G Bruni ◽

F Panessa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Active Galactic Nucleus ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Radio Galaxies ◽

X Ray ◽

The Past ◽

First Time ◽

Candidate Object

ABSTRACT We present an update on the sample of soft gamma-ray selected giant radio galaxies (GRGs) extracted from INTEGRAL/IBIS and Swift/BAT surveys; it includes eight new sources and one candidate object. In the new sample, all but one source display FR II radio morphologies; the only exception is B21144+35B, which is an FR I. The objects belong to both type 1 and type 2 active galactic nucleus (AGN) optical classes and have redshifts in the range 0.06–0.35, while the radio sizes span from 0.7 to 1 Mpc. In this study, we present for the first time two objects that were never discussed as GRGs before and propose a new candidate GRG. We confirm the correlation between the X-ray luminosity and the radio core luminosity found for other soft gamma-ray selected GRGs and expected for AGNs powered by efficient accretion. We also corroborate previous results that indicate that the luminosity of the radio lobes is relatively low compared with the nuclear X-ray emission. This supports the idea that the nucleus of these GRGs is now more powerful than in the past, consistent with a restarting activity scenario.

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X-ray variability plane revisited: Role of obscuration

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921320003397 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (S356) ◽

pp. 367-367

Author(s):

Omaira González-Martn

Keyword(s):

Line Of Sight ◽

Scaling Relations ◽

X Ray ◽

Bolometric Luminosity ◽

Set Constraints ◽

Physical Mechanisms ◽

Power Spectral ◽

First Time

AbstractScaling relations are the most powerful astrophysical tools to set constraints to the physical mechanisms of astronomical sources and to infer properties for objects where they cannot be accessed directly. We have re-investigated one of these scaling relations using powerful type 1 Seyferts; the so-called X-ray variability plane (or mass-luminosity-timescale relation, McHardy et al.2006). This relation links the power-spectral density (PSD) break frequency with the SMBH mass and the bolometric luminosity. We used all available XMM-Newton observations to study the PSD and spectra in short segments within each observation. This allows us to report for the first time that the PSD break frequency varies for each object, showing variations in 19 out of the 22 AGN analyzed. Our analysis of the variability plane confirms the relation between the break frequency and the SMBH mass and finds that the obscuration along the line of sight (or the variations on the obscuration using its standard deviation) is also a required parameter. We constrain a new variability plane of the form: log(vBreak) = – A log (MBH) + B log (NH) – C (or log(vBreak) = – A log (MBH) + B Δ (NH) + C). The X-ray variability plane found by McHardy et al. (2006) is roughly recovered when we use unobscured segments. We speculate the PSD shape is related with the outflowing wind close to the accretion disk at least for these powerful type 1 AGN (Gonzalez-Martin et al. 2018).

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Universal bolometric corrections for active galactic nuclei over seven luminosity decades

Astronomy and Astrophysics ◽

10.1051/0004-6361/201936817 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 636 ◽

pp. A73 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

F. Duras ◽

A. Bongiorno ◽

F. Ricci ◽

E. Piconcelli ◽

F. Shankar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Galactic Nuclei ◽

Bolometric Luminosity ◽

Luminosity Functions ◽

Wide Range ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Bolometric Correction ◽

First Time

Context. The AGN bolometric correction is a key element for understanding black hole (BH) demographics and computing accurate BH accretion histories from AGN luminosities. However, current estimates still differ from each other by up to a factor of two to three, and rely on extrapolations at the lowest and highest luminosities. Aims. Here we revisit this fundamental question by presenting general hard X-ray (KX) and optical (KO) bolometric corrections, computed by combining several AGN samples spanning the widest (about 7 dex) luminosity range ever used for this type of studies. Methods. We analysed a total of ∼1000 type 1 and type 2 AGN for which we performed a dedicated SED-fitting. Results. We provide a bolometric correction separately for type 1 and type 2 AGN; the two bolometric corrections agree in the overlapping luminosity range. Based on this we computed for the first time a universal bolometric correction for the whole AGN sample (both type 1 and type 2). We found that KX is fairly constant at log(LBOL/L⊙) < 11, while it increases up to about one order of magnitude at log(LBOL/L⊙) ∼ 14.5. A similar increasing trend has been observed when its dependence on either the Eddington ratio or the BH mass is considered, while no dependence on redshift up to z ∼ 3.5 has been found. In contrast, the optical bolometric correction appears to be fairly constant (i.e. KO ∼ 5) regardless of the independent variable. We also verified that our bolometric corrections correctly predict the AGN bolometric luminosity functions. According to this analysis, our bolometric corrections can be applied to the whole AGN population in a wide range of luminosity and redshift.

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EXPRESS: Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Neurofibromatosis Type 2

Pulmonary Circulation ◽

10.1177/20458940211029550 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 204589402110295

Author(s):

Hirohisa Taniguchi ◽

Tomoya Takashima ◽

Ly Tu ◽

RaphaÃ«l Thuillet ◽

Asuka Furukawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Neurofibromatosis Type ◽

Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling ◽

Life Threatening ◽

History Of ◽

Pulmonary Arterial ◽

First Time

Although precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare but severe complication of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), its association with NF2 remains unknown. Herein, we report a case of a 44-year-old woman who was initially diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and treated with PAH-specific combination therapy. However, a careful assessment for a relevant family history of the disease and genetic testing reveal that this patient had a mutation in the NF2 gene. Using immunofluorescence and Western blotting, we demonstrated a decrease in endothelial NF2 protein in lungs from IPAH patients compared to control lungs, suggesting a potential role of NF2 in PAH development. To our knowledge, this is the first time that precapillary PH has been described in a patient with NF2. The altered endothelial NF2 expression pattern in PAH lungs should stimulate work to better understand how NF2 is contributing to the pulmonary vascular remodeling associated to these severe life-threatening conditions.

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Extralaryngeal Terminal Division of the Inferior Laryngeal Nerve: Anatomical Classification by a Surgical Point of View

Journal of Thyroid Research ◽

10.1155/2013/731250 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Emin Gurleyik

Keyword(s):

Anatomical Variation ◽

Great Majority ◽

Laryngeal Nerve ◽

Point Of View ◽

Entry Point ◽

Inferior Laryngeal Nerve ◽

Anatomical Classification ◽

Type 3

Background. Complete anatomic knowledge including all variations of the inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN) is mandatory for thyroid surgeon. Extralaryngeal terminal division (ETD) of the ILN has significant importance for the safety of thyroidectomy.Material and Methods. Surgical dissection of 200 ILNs was performed on 100 cases. The presence of ETD of the nerve was determined intraoperatively. We propose by a surgical point of view a regional (segmental) classification of ETD of the ILN along its cervical course.Results. ETD has been observed in 54/200 nerves (27%). Great majority are bifurcated nerves (trifurcation 2%). Four types of ETD are classified. In type 1 (arterial; 46.3%), ETD has occurred near inferior thyroid artery (ITA). In type 2 (postarterial; 31.5%), division has been found on postarterial segment. In type 3 (prelaryngeal; 11%), division has been located very close to laryngeal entry point. In type 4 (prearterial; 11%), ETD has occurred before the nerve crossing the ITA.Conclusions. ETD of the ILN is a common anatomical variation. The bifurcation occurs in the ILN at various distances from laryngeal entry point. The classification increasing surgeons’ awareness may help to simplify identification and exposure of terminal branches. Preservation of both extralaryngeal terminal branches of the ILN has paramount importance for the safety of thyroid operations.

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A 2.5-5 μm spectroscopic study of hard X-ray selected AGNs with AKARI

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921314003342 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (S304) ◽

pp. 66-67

Author(s):

A. Castro ◽

T. Miyaji ◽

M. Shirahata ◽

S. Oyabu ◽

D. Clark ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Star Formation ◽

Neutral Hydrogen ◽

Infrared Camera ◽

X Ray ◽

Star Formation Activity ◽

Hydrogen Column Density ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Low X

AbstractWe explore the relationships between the 3.3 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) feature and active galactic nucleus (AGN) properties of a sample of 54 hard X-ray selected bright AGNs, including both Seyfert 1 and Seyfert 2 type objects, using the InfraRed Camera (IRC) on board the infrared astronomical satellite AKARI. The sample is selected from the 9-month Swift/BAT survey in the 14-195 keV band and all of them have measured X-ray spectra at E ≲ 10 keV. These X-ray spectra provide measurements of the neutral hydrogen column density (NH) towards the AGNs. We use the 3.3 μm PAH luminosity (L3.3μm) as a proxy for star formation activity and hard X-ray luminosity (L14-195keV) as an indicator of the AGN activity. We searched for possible difference of star-formation activity between type 1 (un-absorbed) and type 2 (absorbed) AGNs. Our regression analysis of log L14-195keV versus log L3.3μm shows a positive correlation and the slope seems steeper for type 1/unobscured AGNs than that of type 2/obscured AGNs. The same trend has been found for the log (L14-195keV/MBH) versus log (L3.3μm/MBH) correlation. Our analysis show that the circum-nuclear star-formation is more enhanced in type 2/absorbed AGNs than type 1/un-absorbed AGNs for low X-ray luminosity/low Eddington ratio AGNs.

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There is a Correlation between Fragility Fractures of the Pelvis and a Circle-Type Morphology of the True Pelvis, but Not with Pelvic Incidence

Gerontology and Geriatric Research ◽

10.31487/j.ggr.2021.01.01 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Matthias Spalteholz ◽

Gulow Jens ◽

Pap Geza

Keyword(s):

Pelvic Incidence ◽

Fragility Fractures ◽

Statistical Correlation ◽

X Ray ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

The Mean ◽

Fracture Types ◽

Type 3

Purpose: Osteoporosis is a major risk factor for the development of fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP). There is a lack of information about the influence of anatomical conditions such as Pelvic Incidence and Pelvic Ratio (DT/DS ratio) on this kind of fractures. Methods: This is a monocentric retrospective analysis. X-ray images of the lumbar spine and pelvis and 3D-MPR CT reconstructions of the pelvis were analysed to determine Pelvic Incidence (PI) and Pelvic Ratio (PR) in 141 fragility fractures of the pelvis. Statistical analyses were performed to examine the correlation between these spinopelvic parameters and fragility fractures of the pelvis. Results: A total of 141 fragility fractures of the pelvis (14 men = 9.93%, 127 women = 90.07%) were analysed. According to the FFP-classification we recognized FFP type 1 fractures in 19.15%, FFP type 2 in 41.13%, FFP type 3 in 8.51% and FFP type 4 fractures in 32.21%. The mean PI was 58.83º. There was no statistical correlation between PI and fracture types (p=0.81). The mean PR was 1.099. 57 patients (40.43%) demonstrated a DT/DS ratio ≤ 1.06, corresponding to a circle-type morphology. 24 patients (17.02%) demonstrated a DT/DS ratio ≥ 1.18, corresponding to an ellipse-type pelvis. A circle-type pelvis is significantly more often associated with fragility fractures of the pelvis than an ellipse-type morphology (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of our work demonstrate a strong statistical correlation between the circle-type morphology of the pelvis (PR ≤ 1.06) and fragility fractures of the pelvis. There is no statistical correlation between fragility fractures of the pelvis and Pelvic Incidence.

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Cloning, expression and enzyme activity delineation of two novel CANT1 mutations: the disappearance of dimerization may indicate the change of protein conformation and even function

Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases ◽

10.1186/s13023-020-01492-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hong-Dan Wang ◽

Liang-Jie Guo ◽

Zhan-Qi Feng ◽

Da-Wei Zhang ◽

Meng-Ting Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Cloning And Expression ◽

Expression Vectors ◽

Extracellular Secretion ◽

Chinese Origin ◽

Desbuquois Dysplasia ◽

Pathogenic Change ◽

First Time

Abstract Background Desbuquois dysplasia (DBQD) was a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia. Calcium activated nucleotidase 1 (CANT1) mutation was identified as a common pathogenic change for DBQD type 1 and Kim variant but not for DBQD type 2. To our knowledge, all patients with DBQD type 1 currently found could be explained by mutations in the CANT1 gene, but mutations in the CANT1 gene might not be directly diagnosed as DBQD type 1. Results We have identified two novel CANT1 mutations (mut1: c.594G > A [p.Trp198*], mut2: c.734C > T [p.Pro245Leu]) in three children from a family of Chinese origin for the first time. Two of the three children could be diagnosed as typical DBQD type 1 and one child could not be diagnosed as DBQD type 1 based on the clinical data we had. To further clarify the effect of the two mutations of the CANT1 gene, we studied the CANT1 gene expression and detected the protein secretion and nucleotide enzyme activity through cDNA cloning and expression vectors construction for wild and mutant types. The mut1 was a nonsense mutation which could lead to premature termination and produced the truncated bodies; The CANT1 dimer of mut2 was significantly reduced and even undetectable. The extracellular secretion of mut1 was extremely high while mut2 was significantly reduced compared with the wild type. And mut1 and mut2 also could result in a significant reduction in the activity of CANT1 nucleotidease. From the results we could deduce that the two mutations of the CANT1 gene were the causes of the two cases in this study. Conclusions Regarding the particularity of the cases reported in this study, the pathogenesis of CANT1 might be more complicated. The genetic and phenotype of three children with the same genetic background need to be further studied. Larger cohort of patients was needed to establish genotype–phenotype correlations in DBQD.

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