Eumops floridanus (Chiroptera: Molossidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1009) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Jessica M Vannatta ◽  
Jeffery A Gore ◽  
Verity L Mathis ◽  
Brian D Carver
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Small Population Size ◽  
Restricted Distribution ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Fish And Wildlife Service

Abstract Eumops floridanus (Allen, 1932) is a molossid commonly called the Florida bonneted bat or the Florida mastiff bat. Eumops floridanus is the largest species of bat in Florida and is one of 16 species in the genus Eumops. With one of the smallest distributions of any bat in the United States, it is endemic to southern peninsular Florida where it roosts in cavities of live and dead trees and man-made structures. Eumops floridanus was formerly classified as a subspecies of E. glaucinus but has been elevated to species level based on morphology. Due primarily to its restricted distribution, small population size, and the continued loss of habitat, E. floridanus is federally listed as “Endangered” (EN) by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

scholarly journals Clipperton Atoll as a model to study small marine populations: Endemism and the genomic consequences of small population size

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. e0198901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Crane ◽  
Juliette Tariel ◽  
Jennifer E. Caselle ◽  
Alan M. Friedlander ◽  
D. Ross Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Small Population Size

scholarly journals Determining Sexual Dimorphism of Living Aquatic Beetles, Stygoparnus comalensis (Coleoptera: Dryopidae) and Heterelmis comalensis (Coleoptera: Elmidae), Using Internal Abdominal Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ely Kosnicki
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Edwards Aquifer ◽  
Aquatic Beetles ◽  
Fish And Wildlife Service

Abstract The Comal Springs dryopid beetle, Stygoparnus comalensis Barr and Spangler, and the Comal Springs riffle beetle, Heterelmis comalensis Bosse, Tuff, and Brown, are protected by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and the development of a captive self-propagating refuge is of importance to stakeholders within the Edwards Aquifer. Being able to reliably distinguish the sex of living subjects is desirable for establishing a successful refuge program. Ventrite, elytron, and pronotum measurements of S. comalensis were taken to determine if there were sexually dimorphic allometries. Various lighting techniques were also implemented to see if there were other characters that could potentially be used to distinguish females and males. Measurements were not found to satisfactorily separate sexes; however, lateral lighting was found to consistently illuminate internal abdominal structures of S. comalensis where sternite 8 was viewable in males and the fused gonocoxites were viewable in females. Lateral lighting was used to examine living specimens of H. comalensis, and it was found that sternite 8 could be viewed in both sexes where the anterior strut of females was much longer and discernible from the anterior strut of males. Commentary regarding the use of cameras and photography for observing living subjects is given.

scholarly journals Use of Population-Based Surveys for Estimating the Population Size of Persons Who Inject Drugs in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (Supplement_5) ◽  
pp. S218-S229
Author(s):  
Heather Bradley ◽  
Elizabeth M Rosenthal ◽  
Meredith A Barranco ◽  
Tomoko Udo ◽  
Patrick S Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Population Size Estimates ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

Abstract Background In the United States, injection is an increasingly common route of administration for opioids and other substances. Estimates of the number of persons who inject drugs (PWID) are needed for monitoring risk-specific infectious disease rates and health services coverage. Methods We reviewed design and instruments for 4 national household surveys, 2012–2016, for their ability to produce unbiased injection drug use (IDU) prevalence estimates. We explored potential analytic adjustments for reducing biases through use of external data on (1) arrest, (2) narcotic overdose mortality, and (3) biomarker-based sensitivity of self-reported illicit drug use. Results Estimated national past 12 months IDU prevalence ranged from 0.24% to 0.59% across surveys. All surveys excluded unstably housed and incarcerated persons, and estimates were based on <60 respondents reporting IDU behavior in 3 surveys. No surveys asked participants about nonmedical injection of prescription drugs. Analytic adjustments did not appreciably change IDU prevalence estimates due to suboptimal specificity of data points. Conclusions PWID population size estimates in the United States are based on small numbers and are likely biased by undercoverage of key populations and self-report. Novel methods as discussed in this article may improve our understanding of PWID population size and their health needs.

Anthropology and Public Policy in Alaska

1982 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Kerry Feldman ◽  
Steve Langdon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
High Level

This special issue of Practicing Anthropology includes seven papers which cover a broad spectrum of anthropological practice in Alaska, but share a common orientation toward public policy. We have chosen to focus on anthropology and public policy in Alaska for several reasons. First, there appears to be a high level of anthropological involvement in and impact on Alaskan public policy compared to other regions of the United States. Second, that involvement and influence is not limited to one or two topics but ranges over a variety of issues. Finally, we feel that because of the nature of contemporary Alaska—its size, small population, ethnic diversity, present economy, and youth as a state—public directions taken at this time will be crucial to the future of the people who are presently residents of Alaska. A sense of that urgency as well as of the powerful forces at work comes through in a number of the articles.

American Podiatric Medical Association Best Walking City Competition, 2004

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-420
Author(s):  
Allan H. Fisher ◽  
George P. Tzamaras ◽  
Julia E. Scherer ◽  
Amie Haer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical Association ◽  
Population Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
City Population ◽  
Different Types

In 2004, the American Podiatric Medical Association conducted its third annual “Best Walking City Competition.” This study improved on the 2002 and 2003 studies by increasing the number of cities competing for the title of “Best Walking City” and by including a variety of new measures of walking activities to provide a more comprehensive and equitable basis for comparing cities. The top 20 best walking cities in 2004 were identified from among the 200 largest cities across the United States. Lists of top cities were also developed by city population size and geographic region and by three different types of walking activities prevalent in each city. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 95(4): 414–420, 2005)

scholarly journals The abundance of false killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens (Artiodactyla: Delphinidae) in coastal waters of Golfo Dulce and Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Sánchez Robledo ◽  
Lenin Enrique Oviedo Correa ◽  
David Herra-Miranda ◽  
Juan Diego Pacheco-Polanco ◽  
Sierra Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Killer Whale ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Osa Peninsula ◽  
Small Population Size ◽  
False Killer Whale ◽  
Pseudorca Crassidens

Introduction: False killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) is a tropical and subtropical social species that live in groups with individuals of mixed ages and sex classes. False killer whales have been documented since the late 1990s in Southwestern Costa Rica. Objective: To estimate the abundance of false killer whales in Osa Peninsula waters. Methods: Cetacean surveys off the Osa Peninsula Waters (OPW), Costa Rica, yielded opportunistic encounters with false killer whales in Drake Bay and Caño Island (2001-2015) and observations during formal surveys in Golfo Dulce (2005-2015). Photo-identification data was analyzed using capture-mark-recapture models in the study area, through an open population (POPAN) framework, considering the effect of time on the parameters apparent survival and capture probability, producing an abundance estimate for a superpopulation in the entire study area. Results: False killer whale abundance in OPW is characterized by a small population size of no more than 100 individuals, complemented by a very low probability of encounter and a contrasting high apparent survival. Conclusions: This population estimate should be taken as conservative, however, the small population size of less than 100 individuals should be considered vulnerable, in contrast to the increasing anthropogenic impacts in the coastal seascape. We argue the potential occurrence of population units along the coastal seascape of the Pacific littoral and oceanic island-associated units at Isla del Coco.

scholarly journals Detecting a Literary Future in the Historical Past: The Gibraltar Case

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2 (14)) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
John A. Stotesbury
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Autonomous Community ◽  
Literary Identity ◽  
Small Population Size ◽  
The Past ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Historical Past

Until the present millennium, very little creative literary writing in either English or Spanish had been published in the British colonial enclave of Gibraltar. Given the small population size of the autonomous community of some 30,000 people, it was considered unlikely that a “national” literary culture could form. In the course of the past decade, a handful of dedicated writers have published a noticeable amount of fiction, all of which is concerned with establishing a recognized Gibraltarian literary identity. The present article, while not arguing for the permanence of a Gibraltarian national literary culture, attempts to trace some of the ways in which a small, unified, geopolitical territory has attempted to tell its own story.

scholarly journals Population status of jaguars (Panthera onca) and pumas (Puma concolor) in northeastern Sonora, Mexico

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavio C. Rosas-Rosas ◽  
Louis C. Bender
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Population Status ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Minimum Numbers

Jaguars are endangered in Mexico and the United States, necessitating careful monitoring of population status. We determined minimum numbers of jaguars and sympatric pumas in a small population in northern Sonora, Mexico, the nearest known breeding population to the United States, by photographic captures supplemented by idiosyncratic features of tracks from track surveys (1999-2005). We also developed a discriminant function to differentiate species (jaguar v. puma) and sexes within species, which also aided in individual identification. Photographic captures identified 5 individual jaguars; this estimate was increased to 12 using idiosyncratic features and discriminant analysis of tracks.Jaguar kittens were only detected by track surveys. All jaguars identified by photographs were previously detected by tracks, but most (7 of 12) known from tracks were not captured in photographs. Jaguar presence was fluid; we identified 6 individual jaguars from 1999-2003, but only 3 of these were still present in 2004. We documented 4 new individuals during 2005, when none of the previously identified jaguars were detected. Similarly, we identified 14 individual pumas by tracks, but only 11 of these were captured in photographs. Four hindfoot measurements varied among species and sexes of jaguars and pumas, and these measurements were able to correctly classify 85-97% of tracks to the correct species and sex. Due to the high turnover of this jaguar population, which is at its fringe of the jaguar range in North America, we recommend constant monitoring of population status with camera traps and track surveys. If only limited resources are available, we recommend monitoring only with track surveys because they detected a greater number of individuals and all age classes of individuals. 

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