scholarly journals P08.04 Glioblastoma and Alzheimer pathology: lessons from a single case with practical implications and need for further research

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii37-iii38
Author(s):  
J Gállego Pérez-Larraya ◽  
I Esparragosa ◽  
M Puigdelloses ◽  
M Idoate ◽  
M Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Radio Chemotherapy ◽  
Alzheimer Pathology ◽  
Surgical Sample

Abstract BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are frequent among the elderly: about 50% of all GBM patients are 65 years or older, and 5–10% of people above this age threshold suffer from AD. MATERIAL AND METHODS We describe the case of an elderly patient with newly diagnosed GBM who developed a rapidly progressive severe dementia immediately following concomitant radio-chemotherapy. A purposed retrospective analysis of the surgical sample revealed Alzheimer pathology. RESULTS A 69-year old woman with no relevant past-medical history was diagnosed with a right temporo-parietal GBM on May 2017, with wild-type IDH1R132H gene and methylated MGMTP. After complete resection she received radiotherapy (60 Gy in 30 fractions) and concomitant chemotherapy with Temozolomide 75 mg/m2/day. During the last weeks of concomitant radio-chemotherapy and further on the patient developed a progressive neurological worsening with severe cognitive dysfunction, gait impairment and sphincter incontinence, becoming severely disabled and requiring continuous assistance. Brain MRI exams showed no signs of tumor recurrence, with focal white matter changes consisting on T2/FLAIR hyperintensities within the radiation field, enlarged sulci and ventriculomegaly. Underlying infectious and metabolic disorders, non-convulsive epileptic status and normal-pressure hydrocephalus were ruled out. Facing this situation the patient relatives were purposely asked for previous cognitive symptoms, and described very mild complaints of short-term memory loss during the previous year. Aiming at investigating the possibility of an underlying AD, focused examination of the surgical sample revealed the presence of frequent neuritic plaques, a neuropathological hallmark of AD. The patient developed a severe dementia with akinetic mutism by September 2017. Without evidence of tumor recurrence despite lack of adjuvant chemotherapy, she died of aspiration pneumonia on January 2019. CONCLUSION A unique retrospective study including elderly GBM patients treated only with surgery revealed that Alzheimer disease pathology was present in 42% of them. This case illustrates the need for actively addressing the previous cognitive status of elderly patients with GBM. Histopathological assessment of Alzheimer pathology might also be considered in this specific population. In positive cases, particularly in those with methylated MGMTP, radiotherapy should be avoided and treatment alone with Temozolomide might be considered.

scholarly journals Case of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease with atypical manifestation

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. e100283
Author(s):  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Limin Sun ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
Shifu Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Amyloid Β Protein ◽  
Fluent Aphasia

Short-term memory decline is the typical clinical manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, early-onset AD usually has atypical symptoms and may get misdiagnosed. In the present case study, we reported a patient who experienced symptoms of memory loss with progressive non-fluent aphasia accompanied by gradual social withdrawal. He did not meet the diagnostic criteria of AD based on the clinical manifestation and brain MRI. However, his cerebrospinal fluid examination showed a decreased level of beta-amyloid 42, and increased total tau and phosphorylated tau. Massive amyloid β-protein deposition by 11C-Pittsburgh positron emission tomography confirmed the diagnosis of frontal variant AD. This case indicated that early-onset AD may have progressive non-fluent aphasia as the core manifestation. The combination of individual and precision diagnosis would be beneficial for similar cases.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease as a cause of dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e240020
Author(s):  
Rasha Nakhleh ◽  
Sophia Tenaye Tessema ◽  
Abdullahi Mahgoub
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Visual Component ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Jakob Disease

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rapidly progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder belonging to the family of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. The disease is believed to be caused by an abnormal isoform of a cellular glycoprotein known as the prion protein. Our patient is an 84-year-old Caucasian man who presented to the geriatric clinic for evaluation of short-term memory loss and decreased concentration which started 3 months prior to initial evaluation. Rapid progression of dementia demonstrated by severe impairment in tasks with a predominantly visual component, including visual scanning, perceptual reasoning and visual spatial processing. Diagnosis of CJD was determined by characteristic ribboning on brain MRI as well as notable real-time quaking-induced conversion on cerebrospinal fluid.

scholarly journals How to forget a “traumatic” experience: a case report of transient global amnesia after nasopharyngeal swab for Coronavirus disease 19

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Ravaglia ◽  
Antonio Zito ◽  
Lara Ahmad ◽  
Isabella Canavero
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Transient Global Amnesia ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Diffusion Weight Image ◽  
Global Amnesia

Abstract Background Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a temporary short-term memory loss with inability to retain new memories, usually lasting 2 to 8 h. TGA may be related to several medical procedures, including angiography, general anesthesia, gastroscopy. Case presentation We report a 58-year-old woman who experiencing TGA one hour after the execution of her first-time nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19. Brain MRI showed a typical punctate Diffusion Weight Image (DWI) hippocampal lesion. Conclusions This is the first report of TGA after the execution of nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19. This association lengthen the list of medical procedures associated with TGA, and we discuss the possible plausible mechanisms by which a nasopharyngeal swab could trigger TGA.

scholarly journals Meningovascular neurosyphilis as the cause of ischemic cerebrovascular disease in a young man

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (19) ◽  
pp. 763-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Tóth ◽  
Csilla Hornyák ◽  
Tibor Kovács ◽  
Béla Tóth ◽  
György Várallyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Caudate Nuclei ◽  
Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Elevated Protein ◽  
Intrathecal Igg Synthesis

Authors report a case of a 35-year-old male with right-sided mild paresis, incontinence, dysexecutive syndrome, short-term memory loss and behavioral changes. Bilateral cerebral infarcts in the region of the caudate nuclei and the adjacent white matter were proved by brain MRI and multiple stenoses of the branches of Willis-circle were confirmed by MR angiography. Elevated protein level and pleocytosis were found in the cerebrospinal fluid with intrathecal IgG synthesis. Serum rapid plasma reagin, Treponema pallidum Particle Agglutination test, Treponema pallidum ELISA, liquor Venereal Disease Research Laboratory tests were positive. Meningovascular neurosyphilis was diagnosed. 24M U/day intravenous penicillin-G treatment was given for 14 days. The patient has vascular dementia due to the bilateral strategic infarcts disconnecting the prefrontal circuits; his symptoms are similar to general paresis. Laboratory and radiologic improvement was observed. Still, the patient have severe residual cognitive decline. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 763–767.

Role of MicroRNA Genes miR-1000 and miR-375 in Forming Olfactory Conditional Memory in Drosophila melanogaster

MicroRNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadniman Rahman ◽  
Chaity Modak ◽  
Mousumi Akter ◽  
Mohammad Shamimul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Neural Integration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Locomotion Speed ◽  
Microrna Genes ◽  
With Memory

Background: Learning and memory is basic aspects in neurogenetics as most of the neurological disorders start with dementia or memory loss. Several genes associated with memory formation have been discovered. MicroRNA genes miR-1000 and miR-375 were reported to be associated with neural integration and glucose homeostasis in some insects and vertebrates. However, neuronal function of these genes is yet to be established in D. melanogaster. Objective: Possible role of miR-1000 and miR-375 in learning and memory formation in this fly has been explored in the present study. Methods: Both appetitive and aversive olfactory conditional learning were tested in the miR-1000 and miR-375 knockout (KO) strains and compared with wild one. Five days old third instar larvae were trained by allowing them to be associated with an odor with reward (fructose) or punishment (salt). Then, the larvae were tested to calculate their preferences to the odor trained with. Learning index (LI) values and larval locomotion speed were calculated for all strains. Results: No significant difference was observed for larval locomotion speed in mutant strains. Knockout strain of miR-1000 showed significant deficiency in both appetitive and aversive memory formation whereas miR-375 KO strain showed a significantly lower response only in appetitive one. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate important role played by these two genes in forming short-term memory in D. melanogaster.

scholarly journals Frequent neurocognitive deficits after recovery from mild COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel S Woo ◽  
Jakob Malsy ◽  
Jana Pöttgen ◽  
Susan Seddiq Zai ◽  
Friederike Ufer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Telephone Interview ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Complications ◽  
Moderate Disease

Abstract Neuropsychiatric complications associated with coronavirus disease 2019 caused by the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) are increasingly appreciated. While most studies have focussed on severely affected individuals during acute infection, it remains unclear whether mild COVID-19 results in neurocognitive deficits in young patients. Here, we established a screening approach to detect cognitive deficiencies in post-COVID-19 patients. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 18 mostly young patients 20–105 days (median, 85 days) after recovery from mild to moderate disease who visited our outpatient clinic for post-COVID-19 care. Notably, 14 (78%) patients reported sustained mild cognitive deficits and performed worse in the Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status screening test for mild cognitive impairment compared to 10 age-matched healthy controls. While short-term memory, attention and concentration were particularly affected by COVID-19, screening results did not correlate with hospitalization, treatment, viremia or acute inflammation. Additionally, Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status scores did not correlate with depressed mood or fatigue. In two severely affected patients, we excluded structural or other inflammatory causes by magnetic resonance imaging, serum and cerebrospinal fluid analyses. Together, our results demonstrate that sustained sub-clinical cognitive impairments might be a common complication after recovery from COVID-19 in young adults, regardless of clinical course that were unmasked by our diagnostic approach.

Short-Term Memory Loss Associated with Rosuvastatin

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1190-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Galatti ◽  
Giovanni Polimeni ◽  
Francesco Salvo ◽  
Marcello Romani ◽  
Aurelio Sessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Diffuse Leukoencephalopathy and Subacute Parkinsonism as an Early Manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary G. Tse ◽  
Alberto S. Santos-Ocampo ◽  
Dominic C. Chow ◽  
Aaron M. McMurtray ◽  
Beau K. Nakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Good Recovery ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
Early Manifestation

Parkinsonism in SLE is rare. Diffuse leukoencephalopathy is equally uncommon and is associated with a poor prognosis. We present a single case of a 50-year-old Filipino man who presented with a generalized discoid rash after starting lisinopril. The rash persisted despite discontinuation of lisinopril, and over the next three months, he developed rapidly progressive parkinsonism. Brain MRI showed symmetric confluent T2-hyperintensities involving the white matter and basal ganglia. Four of the 11 American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification of SLE were met. A rheumatologist made a diagnosis of SLE with cutaneous and central nervous system involvement. Significant neurologic and radiologic improvement occurred following treatment with IV steroids followed by a prolonged taper. This report highlights a case of subacute parkinsonism with a diffuse leukoencephalopathy as an early manifestation of SLE which resulted in a good recovery following treatment with only immunosuppressive therapy.

scholarly journals Endoscopic monoportal removal of a choroid plexus papilloma in the posterior third ventricle in a child

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert A. Sufianov ◽  
Saidi S. K. Gaibov ◽  
Rinat A. Sufianov
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Choroid Plexus Papilloma ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Endoscopic Removal ◽  
Who Grade

Currently, only a few reports describe the minimally invasive removal of choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs) and, to the best of the authors' knowledge, no reports detail the resection of such a papilloma through an endoscopic approach in infants. The authors here describe the endoscopic removal of a third ventricle CPP in a child. A 5-month-old male infant presented with progressive macrocephaly, vomiting, and convulsions. A lesion in the posterior third ventricle was detected on brain MRI. Because of the patient's very young age, neuroendoscopy was used as the least invasive technique. The tumor was completely resected through a monoportal neuroendoscopic approach. Histologically, the tumor was classified as a WHO Grade I CPP. After surgery, the patient's condition improved, with no complications during his recovery. Ten-month follow-up neuroimaging revealed no evidence of tumor recurrence or progressive hydrocephaly. In view of the successful neuroendoscopic excision of this posterior third ventricle CPP, the authors believe that this method seems promising in the treatment of young children with intraventricular lesions.

scholarly journals Transient Global Amnesia Associated with an Acute Infarction at the Cingulate Gyrus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Gallardo-Tur ◽  
Jorge Romero-Godoy ◽  
Carlos de la Cruz Cosme ◽  
Adriá Arboix
Keyword(s):  
Limbic System ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Transient Global Amnesia ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Clinical Disorder ◽  
Acute Infarction ◽  
Maximal Diameter ◽  
Global Amnesia

Background. Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a syndrome of sudden, unexplained isolated short-term memory loss. In the majority of TGA cases, no causes can be identified and neuroimaging, CSF studies and EEG are usually normal. We present a patient with TGA associated with a small acute infarct at the cingulate gyrus.Case Report. The patient, a 62 year-old man, developed two episodes of TGA. He had hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. He was found to have an acute ischemic stroke of small size (15 mm of maximal diameter) at the right cerebral cingulate gyrus diagnosed on brain magnetic resonance imaging. No lesions involving other limbic system structures such as thalamus, fornix, corpus callosum, or hippocampal structures were seen. The remainder of the examination was normal.Conclusion. Unilateral ischemic lesions of limbic system structures may result in TGA. We must bear in mind that TGA can be an associated clinical disorder of cingulate gyrus infarct.

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