Cognitive and brain structural changes in long-term oligodendroglial tumor survivors

Abstract Background We identify cognitive impairment and MRI structural brain changes in long-term oligodendroglial tumor survivors treated with radiation therapy (RT) alone (21%) or with chemotherapy (CT) (79%). Methods Oligodendroglial tumor patients (based on the World Health Organization [WHO] 2007 classification) who completed RT ± CT at least 2 years before the study initiation, were classified into 3 groups according to the time treatment was completed: Group 1 = 2–5 years (n = 22), Group 2 = 6–10 years (n = 13), and Group 3 >10 years (n = 13). All patients had a cross-sectional neuropsychological evaluation (n = 48) and a longitudinal volumetric analysis (gray matter [GM; n = 34]) between postsurgical and last follow-up MRI. White matter (WM) changes on MRI were assessed using a qualitative scale. Results There were no differences regarding tumor or treatment-related characteristics between groups. Six of 22 patients (27.3%) in Group 1; 5/13 (38.5%) in Group 2; and 9/13 (69.2%) in Group 3 had cognitive impairment that was considered severe in 3/22 patients (13.6%) in Group 1; 4/13 (30.8%) in Group 2; and 6/13 (46.2%) in Group 3. Patients in Groups 2 and 3 showed significant GM atrophy and more leukoencephalopathy than Group 1. Cognitive deficits were associated with brain atrophy and WM changes. Conclusions Long-term oligodendroglial tumor survivors who underwent standard RT ± CT treatment, mainly >5 years of its completion, present cognitive impairment, especially on memory and executive functions, associated with late GM and WM damage, thus highlighting the need of developing future strategies in patients with oligodendroglial tumor and long expected survival.

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Effect of the Cut-Off Level for Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone on the Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism among Infertile Mexican Women

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11030417 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 417

Author(s):

Lidia Arce-Sánchez ◽

Salvatore Giovanni Vitale ◽

Claudia Montserrat Flores-Robles ◽

Myrna Souraye Godines-Enriquez ◽

Marco Noventa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Mexican Women ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

The primary aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) using two different cut-off levels for TSH values (≥2.5 mIU/L versus ≥4.1 mIU/L). The secondary objective was to analyze the clinical-biochemical characteristics in women with and without SCH. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. In total, 1496 Mexican women with infertility were included: Group 1, women with TSH levels ranging between 0.3 and 2.49 mIU/L, n = 886; Group 2, women with TSH between 2.5 and 4.09 mIU/L, n = 390; and Group 3, women with TSH ≥4.1 mIU/L n = 220. SCH prevalence was 40.7% (CI 95%: 38.3–43.3%) with TSH cut-off ≥ 2.5 mIU/L, and 14.7% (CI 95%: 12.7–16.5%) with TSH cut-off ≥ 4.1 mIU/L, (p = 0.0001). The prevalence of overweight was higher in Group 2 than in Groups 1 and 3. Thyroid autoimmunity, obesity and insulin resistance were higher in Group 3 than in Group 1 (p < 0.05). No other differences were observed between groups. Conclusions: The prevalence of SCH in our selected patients increased almost three times using a TSH cut-off ≥ 2.5 mIU/L compared with a TSH cut-off ≥ 4.1 mIU/L. Women with TSH ≥4.1 mIU/L compared with TSH cut-off ≤ 2.5 mIU/L more often presented with obesity, thyroid autoimmunity and insulin resistance.

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Chronic kidney disease stage stratifies short- and long-term outcomes after aortic root replacement

Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery ◽

10.1093/icvts/ivaa320 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tsuyoshi Yamabe ◽

Yanling Zhao ◽

Paul A Kurlansky ◽

Suzuka Nitta ◽

Saveliy Kelebeyev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Aortic Root Replacement ◽

Mortality Hazard ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Mortality Hazard Ratio ◽

Group 1

Abstract OBJECTIVES Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery, and it negatively impacts procedural outcomes; however, its influence on the outcomes of aortic surgery has not been well studied. This study aims to elucidate the importance of CKD on the outcomes of aortic root replacement (ARR). METHODS Patients who underwent ARR between 2005 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed (n = 882). Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria: Group 1 [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, n = 421); Group 2 (eGFR = 30–59 ml/min/1.73 m2, n = 424); and Group 3 (eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2, n = 37). To reduce potential confounding, a propensity score matching was also performed between Group 1 and the combined group of Group 2 and Group 3. The primary end point was 10-year survival. Secondary end points were in-hospital mortality and perioperative morbidity. RESULTS Severe CKD patients presented with more advanced overall chronic and acute illnesses. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant correlation between CKD stage and 10-year survival (log-rank P < 0.001). The number of events for Group 1 was 15, Group 2 was 49 and Group 3 was 11 in 10 years. Group 3 had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (13.5% vs 3.5% in Group 2 vs 0.7% in Group 1, P < 0.001) and stroke (8.1% vs 7.1% vs 1.2%, P < 0.001) as well as introduction to new dialysis (27.0% vs 5.4% vs 1.7%, P < 0.001). eGFR was shown to be an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.96–0.99). Comparison between propensity matched groups showed similar postoperative outcomes, and eGFR was still identified as a predictor of mortality (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.95–0.99). CONCLUSIONS Higher stage in CKD negatively impacts the long-term survival in patients who are undergoing ARR.

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Friedewald’s equation for calculating LDL-cholesterol: Is it the time to say “Goodbye” and adopt direct LDL cholesterol methods?

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.35.2.679 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sikandar Hayat Khan ◽

Najmusaqib Khan Niazi ◽

Farah Sobia ◽

Nadeem Fazal ◽

Syed Mohsin Manzoor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Glycated Hemoglobin ◽

Target Population ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Creative Commons ◽

Urine Albumin ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Objectives: To measure correlation and concordance between measured LDL cholesterol (mLDLc) and Friedewald’s calculated LDL cholesterol (cLDLc). To compare the mLDLc and cLDLc values for various anthropometric measures and biochemical indices including insulin resistance, nephropathy, glycated hemoglobin and triglycerides. Methods: Two hundred thirty two subjects were included in this cross-sectional analysis from Jan-2016 to July-2017 from a target population visiting PNS HAFEEZ hospital. Mean age of the subjects was 46.56(±11.95) years (n=232). These subjects underwent clinical evaluation including measurement of anthropometric measurements, biochemical testing for fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), and insulin. Correlation and concordance between mLDLc and Friedewald’s cLDLc were measured. Finally, Comparison of risk evaluation for mLDLc and cLDLc between groups formulated based upon UACR (Based upon a cut off of 2.5 mg/g) and fasting triglycerides (Group-1 :< 1.0 mmol/L, Group-2: 1.0-1.99 mmol/L and Group-3 :> 1.99 mmol/) was carried out. Results: There was significant positive linear correlation between mLDLc and cLDLc [r=0.468, <0.001]. Kendall’s Coefficient of concordance between mLDLc and cLDLc was 0.055 (p<0.001). Differences evaluated by one way ANOVA analysis for mLDLc between various triglycerides groups were only significant between group-1 and group-2 [{Group-1:Mean=2.40, (2.19-2.61), n=43}, {Group-2:Mean=2.81, (2.69-2.92),n=136}, [{Group-3:Mean=2.59,(2.37-2.81), n=53}],(p=0.004) in comparison to cLDLc [{Group-1:Mean=2.63, (2.43-2.84), n=43}, {Group-2:Mean=2.85, (2.76-2.93), n=136}, [{Group-3:Mean=2.75, (2.60-2.90),n=53}]. Calculated method for LDLc showed higher UACR than mLDLc. (p=0.021) Conclusion: cLDLc over estimates LDL-cholesterol in comparison to mLDLc. The correlation between cLDLc and mLDLc was only moderate. However, cLDLc provided better degree of risk prediction for nephropathy and glycated hemoglobin than mLDLc. How to cite this:Khan SH, Niazi NK, Sobia F, Fazal N, Manzoor SM, Nadeem A. Friedewald’s equation for calculating LDL-cholesterol: Is it the time to say “Goodbye” and adopt direct LDL cholesterol methods? Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.679 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract 9411: Urine Aquaporin-2 Level is a Novel Marker for the Better Prognosis After Long-Term Tolvaptan Treatment in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.130.suppl_2.9411 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Teruhiko Imamura ◽

Koichiro Kinugawa ◽

Takeo Fujino ◽

Toshiro Inaba ◽

Hisataka Maki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

De Novo ◽

Collecting Duct ◽

Initial Response ◽

Aquaporin 2 ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Introduction: Preserved function of collecting duct is essential for the response to tolvaptan (TLV), and urinary level of aquaporin 2 (U-AQP2) can be a marker for vasopressin-dependent activity of collecting duct. Hypothesis: Higher levels of U-AQP2 in proportion to plasma levels of vasopressin (P-AVP) may be associated with better initial responses to TLV and eventually result in the improved prognosis after long-term treatment of TLV. Methods: Consecutive 60 in-hospital patients with stage D heart failure (HF) who received TLV on a de novo basis were enrolled during 2011-2013. We also selected 60 HF patients by propensity score matching who were hospitalized during the same period but never treated with TLV. Events were defined as death and/or HF re-hospitalization. Results: TLV (3.75-15 mg/day) was continuously administered except death or ventricular assist device implantation occurred. There were 41 patients (group 1) who had increases in UV over the first 24 h after TLV initiation, and all of them had U-AQP2/P-AVP ≥0.5 х103 with higher U-AQP2 levels (5.42 ± 3.54 ng/mL) before TLV treatment. On the other hand, UV rather decreased even after TLV initiation in 19 patients over the first 24 h (group 2). Those in the group 2 universally had U-AQP2/P-AVP <0.5 х103, extremely low U-AQP2 levels (0.76 ± 0.59 ng/mL, p<0.001 vs. group 1), and similar P-AVP with the group 1 at baseline. The 41 and 19 patients without TLV treatment (group 3 and 4) were respectively matched to the group 1 and 2 by propensity scores. Interestingly, every patient in the group 3 had U-AQP2/P-AVP ≥0.5 х103, and vice versa in the group 4. Among the four groups, congestion-related symptoms were only improved in the group 1 after 1 month of enrollment. The patients in the group 1 had significantly better event-free survival over 2-year by TLV treatment compared with the group 3 (76% vs. 43%, p<0.014). In contrast, the patients in the group 2 and 4 had very poor prognoses regardless of TLV treatment (7% vs. 11%, p=0.823). Conclusions: U-AQP2/P-AVP is a novel predictor for the initial response to TLV in HF patients. Patients with higher U-AQP2/P-AVP may enjoy a better prognosis by long-term TLV treatment probably due to efficient resolution of congestion.

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Reduction in daily hydrocortisone dose improves bone health in primary adrenal insufficiency

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-15-1096 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 174 (4) ◽

pp. 531-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Julia Schulz ◽

Kathrin R Frey ◽

Mark S Cooper ◽

Kathrin Zopf ◽

Manfred Ventz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Insufficiency ◽

Adrenal Crisis ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Primary Adrenal Insufficiency ◽

Group Reduction ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Over Time ◽

Group 1

ObjectiveIndividuals with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) or congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) receive life-long glucocorticoid (GC) replacement therapy. Current daily GC doses are still higher than the reported adrenal cortisol production rate. This GC excess could result in long-term morbidities such as osteoporosis. No prospective trials have investigated the long-term effect of GC dose changes in PAI and CAH patients.MethodsThis is a prospective and longitudinal study including 57 subjects with PAI (42 women) and 33 with CAH (21 women). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 2 years. Subjects were divided into three groups (similar baseline characteristics) depending on changes in daily hydrocortisone equivalent dose (group 1: unchanged 25.2±8.2 mg (mean±s.d., n=50); group 2: increased 18.7±10.3 to 25.9±12.0 mg (n=13); group 3: decreased 30.8±8.5 to 21.4±7.2 mg (n=27)).ResultsSubjects in group 1 showed normal lumbar and femoral Z-scores which were unchanged over time. Group 2 subjects showed a significant decrease in femoral neck Z-scores over time (−0.15±1.1 to −0.37±1.0 (P<0.05)), whereas group 3 subjects showed a significant increase in lumbar spine and hip Z-scores (L1–L4: −0.93±1.2 to –0.65±1.5 (P<0.05); total hip: −0.40±1.0 to −0.28±1.0 (P<0.05)). No changes in BMI over time were seen within any group. Reduction in GC dose did not increase the risk of adrenal crisis.ConclusionThis study demonstrates for the first time that cautious reduction in hydrocortisone equivalent doses leads to increases in BMD, whereas dose increments reduced BMD. These data emphasize the need for the lowest possible GC replacement dose in AI patients to maintain health and avoid long-term adverse effects.

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Earlier surgery improves long-term survival compared to class I surgical indications and infective endocarditis surgery for isolated severe tricuspid regurgitation

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2687 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

T.K.M Wang ◽

K Akyuz ◽

B Xu ◽

M Gillinov ◽

G Pettersson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tricuspid Regurgitation ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Valve Surgery ◽

Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation ◽

Class 1 ◽

Esc Guidelines ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract Background Isolated tricuspid surgery has markedly higher mortality rates (9–10%) in contemporary national registries compared to other single-valve operations. The optimal timing and indications remain controversial, and earlier surgery before developing ESC guidelines class 1 indications may improve the survival for isolated severe tricuspid regurgitation. Purpose We aimed to compare the characteristics and outcomes of isolated tricuspid regurgitation (TR) surgery by indication. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing isolated tricuspid valve surgery for TR without other concomitant valve surgery at Cleveland Clinic from 2004 to 2019 were studied. Indications were divided into group 1: ESC guidelines class 1 (severe symptomatic TR), group 2: infective endocarditis, and group 3: non-class 1 (asymptomatic severe TR with or without right ventricular dilation and/or dysfunction) and no endocarditis, for comparative analyses of characteristics and outcomes. Results The study included 207 patients (group 1: 115, group 2: 48 and group 3: 44) with mean age 54.1±17.8 years, 116 (56.0% females and 151. Tricuspid repair was performed in 72.9% (73.0%, 66.7% and 79.5% for Groups 1–3, P=0.381). Group 3 patients were younger, had higher prevalence of primary TR, lower prevalence of heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic lung disease, cirrhosis, renal impairment, right ventricular and left ventricular dysfunction than Group 1. Overall operative mortality rates were 4.9% ( group 1: 7.0%, group 2: 4.2% and group 3: 0.0%), while mortality during follow-up of 3.3±4.0 years was lower for group 3 than for groups 1 or 2 (Figure 1). Independent predictors of long-term mortality were Group 1 compared to Group 3 and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate. Conclusion Patients without class I or endocarditis indications had superior unadjusted and adjusted survival compared to those with these indications. The high mortality rate of isolated TR surgery may be reduced by both earlier surgery and being performed at an experienced cardiac surgery center. Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier survival curves Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): National Heart Foundation of New Zealand - Overseas Clinical and Research Fellowship

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Cardiometabolic Risk Factor in Obese and Normal Weight Individuals in Community Dwelling Men

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17238925 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (23) ◽

pp. 8925

Author(s):

Hyunsoo Kim ◽

Kijeong Kim ◽

Sohee Shin

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Reference Group ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Blood Glucose ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs) in community dwelling men based on a combination of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). This cross-sectional study was based on 867 males between the ages of 20 and 71 years. Subjects were categorized into 4 groups by BMI and WC (Group 1, BMI < 25 kg/m2 and WC < 90 cm; Group 2, BMI < 25 kg/m2 and WC > 90 cm; Group 3, BMI > 25 kg/m2 and WC < 90 cm; and Group 4 BMI > 25 kg/m2 and WC > 90 cm). The proportion of subjects with a normal weight with high WC was 3.2%. Among normal weight men with the high range of WC, significantly high Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI were found for hypertriglyceridemia (3.8, 1.8–8.2) and high blood glucose (3.2, 1.5–6.9). The probability that the general obesity group (Group 3) had one CRF was around twice that of the reference group (Group 1) (1.9 to 2.1 times), but Group 2 had probability more than 4 times higher (4.3 to 4.6 times). In community dwelling adult men, normal weight with high waist circumference was associated with the highest cardiometabolic risk. In conclusion, follow-up screening of those with high WC may be necessary to detect and prevent cardiometabolic diseases, particularly for men with a normal weight.

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Effect of Autologous Serum Eyedrops on Ocular Surface Disease Caused by Preserved Glaucoma Eyedrops

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9123904 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 3904

Author(s):

Ha-Rim So ◽

Hae Young Lopilly Park ◽

So-Hyang Chung ◽

Hyun-Seung Kim ◽

Yong-Soo Byun

Keyword(s):

Ocular Surface ◽

Ocular Surface Disease ◽

Autologous Serum ◽

Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽

Ocular Surface Diseases ◽

Group 3 ◽

Baseline Values ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Autologous serum eyedrops (ASE) are effective in treating various ocular surface diseases, including damages induced by long-term use of preserved glaucoma eyedrops. However, there has been no study on whether ASE is effective without stopping the causative eyedrops. This retrospective observational study included 55 patients with ocular-surface diseases caused by long-term use of preserved glaucoma eyedrops: 18 patients who used ASEs for 2 months without discontinuing the use of glaucoma eyedrops (Group 1), 22 patients who used ASEs for 2 months, discontinuing the use of glaucoma eyedrops for the first month (Group 2) and 15 patients who used non-preservative artificial tears for 2 months, discontinuing the use of glaucoma eyedrops for the first month (Group 3). There were no intergroup differences in the baseline values of the Schirmer I test results, tear breakup time (TBUT), ocular surface staining (OSS) score, loss of the meibomian gland, meibum quality and ocular-surface disease index (OSDI). Group 1 showed significant differences in TBUT, OSS score and OSDI at 2 months when compared to the baseline values before treatment, while Group 2 showed significant differences in those values at both 1 and 2 months. There were no differences in any of the parameters at baseline, 1 month or 2 months in Group 3. Our result suggested that ASE is effective for treating ocular surface diseases caused by glaucoma eyedrops containing preservatives and its effects can be expected without interruption of glaucoma eyedrop treatment.

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Cognitive functioning in long-term survivors of high-grade glioma

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1994.80.2.0247 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 247-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 109

Author(s):

Yvonne M. Archibald ◽

Diane Lunn ◽

Lesley A. Ruttan ◽

David R. Macdonald ◽

Rolando F. Del Maestro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

High Grade Glioma ◽

High Grade ◽

Content Type ◽

Group 2 ◽

Long Term Survivors ◽

Disease Free ◽

Fine Print ◽

Group 1

✓ In a pilot study, two groups of patients with malignant glioma underwent sequential neuropsychological evaluations after successful tumor treatment. Group 1 included nine patients treated from 1981 to 1985; all patients received irradiation and eight underwent chemotherapy. The baseline neuropsychological assessment was performed 1 to 63 months after tumor diagnosis, with follow-up evaluations at irregular intervals over the next 3 to 7 years. Six patients in Group 1 exhibited impairment on most measures at baseline; subsequently, two patients developed profound cognitive impairment. Initially, three patients functioned in the average range on most tasks; thereafter, two deteriorated on one measure each. Group 2 was ascertained prospectively and included 16 patients treated from 1985 to 1987, all of whom received irradiation and chemotherapy. The first evaluation was performed 18 months after diagnosis, then every 6 months for 2 years, and then yearly. Compared to a control group, those in Group 2 had significant cognitive impairment at baseline. Cognitive performance did not change over the next 12 months in 10 patients who remained free of tumor, but within 2 years of baseline testing, deterioration on specific tasks was evident in two of seven disease-free survivors. When last tested, five of six disease-free survivors had deteriorated on one or more measures. Unlike Group 1, severe global cognitive impairment was not seen, perhaps because Group 2 was followed for a shorter time. Verbal and nonverbal composite scores derived from intelligence quotient (IQ) tests showed less impairment at baseline than did other measures and were more likely to remain stable subsequently. Verbal memory and sustained attention were the most impaired at baseline, and verbal learning and flexibility in thinking showed the greatest tendency to decline over time. Cognitive functioning in survivors of high-grade glioma is best measured and monitored by tests that probe a broader spectrum of abilities than IQ. Neuropsychological measures used in this analysis lacked sensitivity at the lower end of the impaired range. Future studies should use tests better able to discern cognitive differences at low performance levels. Based on this experience, the authors conclude that most long-term survivors of high-grade glioma will have significant cognitive difficulties, usually evident by the first assessment; some patients will develop profound impairment years later, and few are capable of fully independent living.

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Maxillary anterior alignment stability in Class I and Class II malocclusions treated with or without extraction

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/112614-847.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 3-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Willian Juarez Granucci Guirro ◽

Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas ◽

Guilherme Janson ◽

Marcos Roberto de Freitas ◽

Camila Leite Quaglio

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Maxillary Incisor ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Group 4 ◽

Posttreatment Period ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the postretention stability of maxillary incisors alignment in subjects with Class I and II malocclusion treated with or without extractions. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 103 subjects with initial maxillary anterior irregularity greater than 3 mm and was divided into four groups: group 1 comprised 19 patients with Class I malocclusion treated with nonextraction (mean initial age = 13.06 years); group 2 comprised 19 patients with Class II malocclusion treated with nonextraction (mean initial age = 12.54 years); group 3 comprised 30 patients with Class I malocclusion treated with extractions (mean initial age = 13.16 years); group 4 comprised 35 patients with Class II malocclusion treated with extractions (mean initial age = 12.99 years). Dental casts were obtained at three different stages: pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and long-term posttreatment (T3). Maxillary incisor irregularity and arch dimensions were evaluated. Intergroup comparisons were performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey tests. Results: In the long-term posttreatment period, relapse of maxillary crowding and arch dimensions was similar in all groups. Conclusion: Changes in maxillary anterior alignment in Class I and Class II malocclusions treated with nonextractions and with extractions were similar in the long-term posttreatment period.

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