Neurosurgery Resident Interviews: The Prevalence and Impact of Inappropriate and Potentially Illegal Questions

Neurosurgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Limoges ◽  
Scott L Zuckerman ◽  
Lola B Chambless ◽  
Deborah L Benzil ◽  
Aurora Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Workplace Discrimination ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Medical Residency ◽  
Rank List ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND The impact of workplace discrimination has gained recognition. Nearly two-thirds of all medical residency applicants reported being asked inappropriate or potentially illegal interview questions. The use of such questions during neurosurgery residency interviews has not yet been studied. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of inappropriate or potentially illegal questions in residency interviews and the impact on applicants’ rank lists. METHODS All 2018 to 2019 United States neurosurgery resident applicants were anonymously surveyed. The survey included 46 questions focused on demographics; if they were asked questions regarding rank list, age, gender, marital status, family planning, religion, sexual orientation, or disability and whether such questions affected their rank list formation. RESULTS Of 265 surveyed United States applicants, 133 (50%) responded. Most respondents were male (78%), 24% were married, and 10% had children. During the formal interview, 94% were asked at least 1 inappropriate or potentially illegal question. About 78% reported being asked about marital status, 29% were asked about intent to have children. About 46% reported being counseled on their personal life, 30% were asked about their ethnic background, and 15% were asked about their religion. A total of 2 candidates reported questions about mental illness/disability, and 2 candidates reported being asked about sexual orientation. About 45% of applicants that were asked at least 1 of these questions ranked those programs lower. CONCLUSION Nearly all (94%) neurosurgical residency applicants reported being asked at least 1 inappropriate or potentially illegal question during interviews. Our results indicate that inappropriate questions negatively affected program rankings.

scholarly journals Employer costs of mental health claims and how psychologically healthy workplaces align with successful DM programs

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Coduti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Impact

Mental health (MH) and disability management (DM) businesses and DM professionals are proficient at addressing employee physical health, yet promoting employee MH is often ignored. Individuals claiming long-term disability (LTD), 85% identified MH conditions as their primary disability (Carls et al., 2012). Mental health LTD expenses are often higher due to longer recovery and challenges in return to work (Salkever, Goldman, Purushothaman, & Shinogle, 2000). Financial burdens of depression, anxiety, and emotional disorders are among the greatest of any disease condition in the workforce (Johnston et al., 2009). Globally, a fifth to a quarter of employees go to work everyday with a mental illness (Lorenzo-Romanella, 2011). Health care research has shown the impact of mental illness on work performance, however many employers and researchers are unaware of the value quality MH care has on employees and costs (Langlieb, & Kahn, 2005). The American Psychological Association (APA) identified five categories of workplace practices that promote psychological health in employees including: employee involvement; work-life balance; employee growth and development; health and safety; and employee recognition (APA, 2014). Organizational benefits of the five elements include: improved quality, performance and productivity; reduced absenteeism, presenteeism and turnover; fewer accidents and injuries; improved ability to attract and retain quality employees; improved customer service and satisfaction; and lower healthcare costs (APA, 2014). The presenters will discuss employer costs of MH claims and how psychologically healthy workplaces align with successful DM programs, decreasing MH claims and costs. Opportunities for future research include the United States Affordable Care Act (ACA) and its impact on MH (Mechanic, 2012) through provisions that encourage employers to adopt health promotion programs (Goetzel et al., 2012) and opportunities for research including comparisons of multinational employers regarding MH costs in countries with single payer systems, and in those without (United States), (Tanner, 2013).

scholarly journals The Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Receipt of Family Planning Services in the United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya Borrero ◽  
Eleanor B. Schwarz ◽  
Mitchell Creinin ◽  
Said Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Planning Services ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Impact of Sexual Orientation on Longitudinal Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 900-900
Author(s):  
Anna Thompson ◽  
Britney Wardecker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Research suggests that mental health and well-being improve as we age, and this trend is dubbed “the paradox of aging” (Charles & Carstensen, 2010). However, little is known about whether this trend happens for individuals who may experience lifelong disadvantage, such as those who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual. We used data from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS) to examine lesbian/gay, bisexual, and heterosexual adults’ changes in depression from 1995 to 2014. Participants identified as lesbian/gay (n = 46), bisexual (n = 37), and heterosexual (n = 3030) and 45.1% identified as female. Participants’ ages ranged from 20-74 years (M = 45.61, SD = 11.41) in 1995 and 39-93 years (M = 63.64, SD = 11.35) in 2014. We analyzed our data using a repeated measures ANOVA and our results indicate that depression decreased on average from 1995 to 2014 for heterosexual [Wilk’s Lamda = .996, F (1, 3029) = 12.23, p < .001] and lesbian/gay adults [Wilk’s Lamda = .848, F (1, 45) = 8.08, p = .007]. However, bisexual adults did not experience this decrease in depression [Wilk’s Lamda = .990, F (1, 36) = 0.36, p = .550] and their depression remained relatively stable. Our results are consistent with previous studies that indicate bisexuals experience poorer mental health when compared to lesbian/gay and heterosexual adults (Bostwick, Hughes, & Everett, 2015). The current research highlights depression as a condition that may not decrease universally over time. We discuss implications for bisexuals’ health and well-being.

scholarly journals Influences on Contraceptive Method Choice Among Adolescent Women across Urban Centers in Nigeria: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elynn Kann Sanchez ◽  
Courtney McGuire ◽  
Lisa M. Calhoun ◽  
Gwyn Hainsworth ◽  
Ilene S. Speizer
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Method Choice ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Despite calls to increase contraceptive use among adolescents and youth, large gaps still exist, creating an unmet need for family planning. Past research has focused on barriers to seeking a method. There is less understanding of the types of methods young women want and who and what influences these decisions. This study examines what method characteristics young Nigerian women prioritize when choosing a method to inform future family planning programming.Methods: In 2018, eight focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted in the Nigerian cities of Ilorin and Jos with 83 young women ages 15-24. Participants were identified by community contacts and separated into groups by religion and marital status. The discussion guide utilized a vignette structure to understand the participants’ perceptions on contraceptive behavior and attitudes and misconceptions surrounding different types of methods. The FGDs were undertaken and analyzed by collaborative teams from the University of Ibadan and the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. A thematic analysis of the transcripts was performed using Atlas.ti, including two rounds of coding, and multiple reviews by the research team.Results: The method characteristics associated with young women’s contraceptive decisions include: side effects, reliability, length of coverage, privacy, cost, and accessibility. Side effects, reliability, and privacy were described as negatively linked to short-acting methods whereas easy accessibility and low cost were positive characteristics of these methods. Long-acting methods were generally viewed as positive. Participants’ focus on side effects commonly resulted from concerns about the impact on future fertility. The characteristics prioritized by individuals change throughout their adolescence and as their marital status changes. Providers, peers, parents, and partners were all found to have an influence over method choice in different ways. The role of these influencers also changes over the adolescent years. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that programs should prioritize expanding method choice to increase the number of available options to ensure all young women can access a method that fits their desired method characteristics. Programming should ensure that medically accurate information is widely distributed to harness providers, peers, parents and partners as a resource for information about specific methods.

scholarly journals Postawy pielęgniarek wobec umierania i śmierci pacjenta

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-71
Author(s):  
Beata Ponińska ◽  
Grażyna Chojnacka-Kowalewska
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Patient Death ◽  
Value System ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Dying Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Patient death is an unavoidable element in the work of nurses. It is associated with experiencing various emotions which affects their value system and personal life. The aim. To examine the attitudes of nurses towards dying patients, to present their emotions, anxiety and experiences related to patients' deaths and to assess the impact on the personal life of the respondents. Methods and research material. The results of own research based on the questionnaire as well as the standardized Mini-COPE tool. Results. Gender, marital status and education do not differentiate the attitudes of nurses towards the dying and death of the patient. On the other hand, age and seniority turned out to be a factor that significantly differentiated the change in the hierarchy of values after the patient's death and had a positive effect on the level of stress. Conclusions. Summing up this work, it should be noted that the contact of nurses with dying patients exposes them to stress, negative emotions and high psychological burden. Their hierarchy of values changed after the patient's death. The ability to sympathize and proper preparation of nurses has a great impact on ensuring the reduction of suffering and the patient's dying.

The association of marital status with suicide among male cancer patients in the United States.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (34_suppl) ◽  
pp. 181-181
Author(s):  
Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters ◽  
Matthew C Simpson ◽  
Aleksandr R Bukatko ◽  
Eric Adjei Boakye
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Impact

181 Background: Suicide rate is among cancer survivors double that of the general United States population, and risk is significantly greater among males than females. Meanwhile, being married confers survival advantage across the cancer continuum, with males benefitting more than females. This study was aimed at determining whether marital status mitigated the risk of suicide among male cancer patients with advanced stage disease. Methods: Male patients with stage IV cancer of nine common cancer sites (prostate, lung/bronchus, colon/rectum, urinary bladder, melanoma of the skin, kidney/renal pelvis, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, head and neck cancer, liver/intrahepatic bile duct) diagnosed from 2007-2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database were included. A multivariate competing risks proportional hazards model determined the impact of marital status on suicide while controlling for covariates (age, county-level poverty percentage, insurance status, race/ethnicity, cancer site). This model yielded adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: There were 228,627 male patients included, with 330 patients committing suicide. The cohort was predominantly non-Hispanic white (71%), married/partnered (57%), and had an average age of 65 years. In the model including all nine cancer sites, divorced/separated (aHR = 1.92, 95% CI 1.40, 2.62), never married (aHR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.48, 2.66), and widowed patients (aHR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.01, 2.24) were more likely than married/partnered patients to commit suicide. Conclusions: Married cancer survivors with advance stage disease are less likely to die by suicide, highlighting the value of supportive care in cancer survivorship. Unmarried patients with advanced stage disease are candidates for surveillance to mitigate suicide risk.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document