Container Growing Pitch Pine: Germination, Soil pH, and Outplanting Size

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Curtis W. Helm ◽  
John E. Kuser
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Ecotypic Differentiation ◽  
Fire Island ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pine Cones

Abstract Pitch pine cones may be picked when green, 2 weeks to 1 month before apparent ripeness, in order to avoid rodent predation. The resulting seedlings grow as well as those from cones picked later. The mean number of germinants per cone for 46 test families from Cape Cod, Fire Island, and New Jersey was 45.5 when seeds were planted in Leach tubes and started in a greenhouse. Seedlings growing in peat/vermiculite/sand (1:1:1) and amendments at pH 4.8 were significantly larger in volume than seedlings growing at higher or lower pH, and they suffered less damping off than those at higher pH. Seedlings should be grown to minimum stem diameter of 3.0 mm before outplanting. There is evidence of ecotypic differentiation between populations on dissimilar sites at Cape Cod. North. J. Appl. For. 8(2):63-68.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2 from Sugar Beet to Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 2427-2433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Arabiat ◽  
Mohamed F. R. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
The United States ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Growth Assay ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Mean Concentration

Rhizoctonia damping-off and crown and root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani are major diseases of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) worldwide, and growers in the United States rely on fungicides for disease management. Sensitivity of R. solani to fungicides was evaluated in vitro using a mycelial radial growth assay and by evaluating disease severity on R. solani AG 2-2 inoculated plants treated with fungicides in the greenhouse. The mean concentration that caused 50% mycelial growth inhibition (EC50) values for baseline isolates (collected before the fungicides were registered for sugar beet) were 49.7, 97.1, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.9 μg ml−1 and for nonbaseline isolates (collected after registration and use of fungicides) were 296.1, 341.7, 0.9, 0.2, and 0.6 μg ml−1 for azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, penthiopyrad, and prothioconazole, respectively. The mean EC50 values of azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, and pyraclostrobin significantly increased in the nonbaseline isolates compared with baseline isolates, with a resistant factor of 6.0, 3.5, and 3.0, respectively. Frequency of isolates with EC50 values >10 μg ml−1 for azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin increased from 25% in baseline isolates to 80% in nonbaseline isolates. Although sensitivity of nonbaseline isolates of R. solani to quinone outside inhibitors decreased, these fungicides at labeled rates were still effective at controlling the pathogen under greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals Relationship between Growth and Wood properties in Agathis sp. Planted in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Futoshi Ishiguri ◽  
Kazuko Makino ◽  
Imam Wahyudi ◽  
Jun Tanabe ◽  
Yuya Takashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pilodyn Penetration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The present study clarified the relationship between the growth and wood properties of 54-year-old Agathis sp. trees planted in Indonesia. Stem diameter, pilodyn penetration, and stress-wave velocity (SWV) were measured for all trees (35 trees) in a plot (30  30 m) located almost at the center of a stand. Based on the mean stem diameter, 10 standard trees in a plot were selected for measuring the basic density (BD) and compressive strength parallel to grain (CS). Core samples (5 mm in diameter) were collected from the 10 selected trees to determine BD and CS. The mean stem diameter, pilodyn penetration and SWV in the plot were 40.2  11.3 cm, 23.4  2.1 cm, and 3.85  0.43 km/s, respectively. No  significant correlation coefficeint (r = -0.327, no significance at 5% level) was obtained between stem diameter and SWV. The mean BD and CS in the 10 trees were 0.42  0.03 g/cm3  and 28.1  2.7 MPa, respectively. A significant positive  correlation was observed between BD and CS. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference between BD and CS values of the 10 trees, indicating that wood properties may differ among trees with the same standard growth in a stand. From these results, we concluded that wood quality improvement in this species could be achieved by selecting  trees with high density and strength in tree breeding programs.

scholarly journals AN ARBOREAL ORCHELIMUM

1904 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Wm. T. Davis
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Pine Barrens ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Pine Trees

Those who visit the pine-barrens of New Jersey know what a pleasure it is to ramble along the narrow wooded-ppaths among the pine trees ; old paths that after once being made continue for many years, and may seldom entertain a pedestrian. Along these paths and by the side of the sandy roads, any time during late summer arrd until frost, one may hear a faint, lisping little song from a grasshopper corning from the pines, often from their topmost branches. It is an easy matter to climb the pitch-pine, which is usually arranged admirably for the purpose, and the grasshopper is also friendly to investigation, and commonly continues to stridulate.

Five-Year Heights of Pitch Pine Progeny at Two New Jersey Plantations

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
John E. Kuser
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Plus Tree

Abstract Within-species selection was chosen as the method to improve pitch pine for a seed orchard to furnish seedlings for revegetation in southern New Jersey. In a progeny test of 68 families of open-pollinated plus tree seedlings at two plantation sites, after 5 growing seasons the top family among selected pitch pine progeny was as tall as the best pitch x loblolly check stock, and the best five pitch families were in the same range with another pitchlob and two loblolly families. Mean heights were slightly greater on a worked-out sandpit site than on an undisturbed sandy topsoil. North. J. Appl. For. 11(4):146-149.

Seed production in Cardiocrium cordatum: effects of nitrogen and dry mass availability of a plant

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-812
Author(s):  
Satoki Sakai ◽  
Akiko Sakai ◽  
Kohta Fujioka
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
N Content ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Seeds

To clarify how seed production depends on the relative N and dry mass availability, we examined the number and size of seeds, and the loss of dry mass in Cardiocrium cordatum (Thunb.) Makaino plants that differed naturally in overall size and stem N content. After adjusting for plant size (basal stem diameter was used as a criterion of plant size), the amount of dry mass lost because of respiration in a plant decreased with an increase in the stem N content of the plant, whereas the total dry mass of seeds of a plant increased with an increase in the stem N content. Plants with a high stem N content relative to dry mass status used dry mass resources more efficiently in seed production by reducing the loss of dry mass. Plants with a higher stem N content produced a greater number of seeds, and the amount of dry mass lost decreased with an increase in the number of seeds of the plant, possibly because the resources allocated to seed production are consumed rapidly, if numerous seeds simultaneously absorb those resources. However, the stem N content of a plant had no influence on the mean seed dry mass, seed N content, and the seed N concentration, and the latter three parameters did not affect respiration loss of dry mass. We concluded that plants undergoing seed production reduce dry mass loss if their relative N to dry mass availability is high, through an increase in the numbers of seeds they produce.

Selection and Processing of Serotinous Pitch Pine Cones

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Fimbel ◽  
Cheryl C. Fimbel ◽  
John E. Kuser
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Convection Oven ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Heat Application ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Pine Cones ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Abstract We examined phenotypic characteristics of serotinous pitch pine cones from the dwarfed pine-oak forests of the New Jersey Pine Barren Plains, and three heat-application techniques to release their seeds, to evaluate the influence of these factors on seed germination and seedling development. One- and two-year-old mature cones averaged twice the number of germinating seeds/cone as green cones collected in late summer, and larger cones yielded higher quantities of viable seeds compared to smaller ones. Treating serotinous cones in boiling water or a convection oven yielded higher germination rates than using a microwave oven, especially with green cones. Thirty-two months following germination, cone characteristics and opening techniques did not predict seedling performance in the field. Parent tree influenced seedling height. We present recommendations to maximize the number of viable propagules collected during the selection and processing of serotinous, dwarfed pitch pine cones. North. J. Appl. For. 12(2):64-58.

scholarly journals Neutralizing Antibodies against Vesicular Stomatitis Viruses (Serotypes New Jersey and Indiana) in Horses in Costa Rica

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Blickwede ◽  
Gaby Dolz ◽  
Marco V. Herrero ◽  
Sarah M. Tomlinson ◽  
Mo Salman
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Humid Area ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Viruses

Serum samples were collected from domestic horses in 4 different regions of Costa Rica to detect antibodies against vesicular stomatitis viruses, serotypes New Jersey (VSV-NJ) and Indiana (VSV-IN). A total of 214 samples were tested by the virus neutralization test. The sampling regions were identified as low North Pacific dry area (1), low Middle Atlantic humid area (2), low South Pacific humid area (3), and the highlands (4). In region 1, 97.1% of horses were positive for VSV-NJ and 16.5% were positive for VSV-IN. The mean antibody titer and its standard deviation after logarithmic transformation were 5.86 ± 0.9 for VSV-NJ and 3.55 ± 1.66 for VSV-IN for region 1. In region 2, 40.7% of horses were positive for VSV-NJ and 32.2% were positive for VSV-IN. The mean antibody titer in region 2 was 4.33 ± 1.82 for VSV-NJ and 3.47 ± 1.73 for VSV-IN. In region 3, 20.79% of horses were positive for VSV-NJ and 27.6% were positive for VSV-IN. The mean antibody titer in region 3 was 4.39 ± 1.89 for VSV-NJ and 3.47 ± 1.82 for VSV-IN. In region 4, 91.3% of horses were positive for VSV-NJ and 73.9% were positive for VSV-IN. The mean antibody titer in region 4 was 5.77 ±1.10 for VSV-NJ and 4.85 ± 1.63 for VSV-IN. This is the first published report of the detection of virus-neutralizing antibodies against VSV-NJ and VSV-IN in horses in Costa Rica.

scholarly journals Habitat Preference of Auriscalpium vulgare Gray Inhabiting Slash and Burn Affected Khasi Pine Cones of India

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Das ◽  
A. Chettri ◽  
H. Kayang
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Slash And Burn ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Predominant Form ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pine Cones ◽  
Khasi Pine

Slash and burn shifting cultivation or jhum is the predominant form of land use pattern in the hilly terain of northeast India. Impact of jhum practice on Auriscalpium vulgare growing on the female Khasi pine cone was studied. The period of mature cone falling proceeds after the slash and burn activity, hence only 1:3 escapes the burning practice. During the assessment, burned and unburned cones were assigned to coarse woody debris (CWD) and classified into three girth classes: small (≤10 cm), intermediate (>10 to ≤13 cm) and large (>13 cm). The mean number of basidiocarps in burned cones was significantly higher than unburned ones (p<0.00001). A significant linear relationship between girth size of burned cones and number of basidiocarps was observed (r = 0.736; p<0.01). The study reveals that maximum number of fungi thrives on the burned cones (anthropogenically disturbed) of pine and girth size affects the number of basidiocarp. Key words: burned and unburned pine cones; coarse woody debris (CWD); Khasi pine; slash and burnDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2551Our Nature (2009) 7:32-38

scholarly journals Perbaikan Beberapa Sifat Kimia Tanah Ultisol Dengan Pemberian Bokashi Bungkil Inti Sawit (BIS) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hema Malini
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

The purpose of this study was to improve some of the chemical properties of Ultisol soil by giving Palm oil bokashi and to determine the effect of the best bokashi doses for the growth of oil palm seedlings.This research was conducted for 6 months starting in June until December 2017. The research location was at Jl. Mount Lingai North Samarinda. The design used was a randomized block design consisting of nine treatments and three replications. The treatment consisted of (P0) 0 g bokashi polybag-1, (P1) 100 g bokashi polybag-1, (P2) 200 g bokashi polybag-1, (P3) 300 g bokashi polybag-1, (P4) 400 g bokashi polybag-1, (P5) 500 g bokashi polybag-1, (P6) 600 g bokashi polybag-1, (P7) 700 g bokashi polybag-1, (P8) 800 g bokashi polybag-1. Soil samples were composited, then analyzed in the laboratory with the parameters of soil pH, organic C, N and C/N ratio. Plant data analyzed were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter and plant weight. If it is significant then the LSD test will be at the level of 5%. The results showed that bokashi administration could improve soil pH, organic C, N and C/N ratio on Ultisol soil. Giving Bokashi Palm kernel meal obtained a soil pH of 4.57; Organic C 7.48; N 0,420; C/N Ratio of 19.45 in Ultisol soil. The application of Bokashi Palm kernel meal at a dose of 800 g polybag-1 in treatment P8 showed a significant effect on leaf number and plant weight, a very significant effect on plant height and stem diameter. The average plant height is 85.77 cm; average number of leaves 12.67; stem diameter of 4.90 cm; plant weight of 3.07 kg.

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