scholarly journals Adult Social Environments and the Use of Combustible and Electronic Cigarettes: Opportunities for Reducing Smoking in the 30s

Author(s):  
Rick Kosterman ◽  
Marina Epstein ◽  
Jennifer A Bailey ◽  
Sabrina Oesterle ◽  
Madeline Furlong ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction Reducing cigarette use is a major public health goal in the United States. Questions remain, however, about the potential for the social environment in the adult years—particularly in the 30s and beyond—to influence cigarette use. This study tested pathways hypothesized by the social development model to understand the extent to which social environmental factors at age 33 (eg, involvement with smokers or with physically active people) contribute to changes in cigarette use from age 30 to age 39. Both combustible and electronic cigarette use were investigated. Methods Data were from the Seattle Social Development Project, a longitudinal study of 808 diverse participants with high retention. Self-reports assessed social developmental constructs, combustible and electronic cigarette use, and demographic measures across survey waves. Results At age 30, 32% of the sample reported past-month cigarette use. Using structural equation modeling, results showed high stability in cigarette use from age 30 to 39. After accounting for this stability, cigarette-using social environments at age 33 predicted personal beliefs or norms about smoking (eg, acceptability and social costs), which in turn predicted combustible cigarette use at age 39. Cigarette-using environments, however, directly predicted electronic cigarette use at age 39, with no significant role for beliefs about smoking. Conclusions Cigarette use was highly stable across the 30s, but social environmental factors provided significant partial mediation of this stability. Pathways were different for combustible and electronic cigarette use, however, with personal smoking norms playing an important role for the former but not the latter. Implications This study addresses the need for longitudinal investigation of social mechanisms and cigarette use in the 30s. Findings reinforce efforts to prevent the uptake of cigarettes prior to the 30s because, once started, smoking is highly stable. But social environmental factors remain viable intervention targets in the 30s to disrupt this stability. Addressing personal norms about smoking’s acceptability and social costs is likely a promising approach for combustible cigarette use. Electronic cigarettes, however, present a new challenge in that many perceived social costs of cigarette use do not readily translate to this relatively recent technology.

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1347-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Urman ◽  
Rob McConnell ◽  
Jennifer B Unger ◽  
Tess B Cruz ◽  
Jonathan M Samet ◽  
...  

Abstract Background A supportive youth cigarette social environment, for example, friends’ approval of use, leads to cigarette use initiation, and cigarette users develop a more supportive social environment. Whether there is a bidirectional relationship of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) social environment with e-cigarette use has not been studied. Methods Prospective data were collected from 1441 Children’s Health Study participants in 2014 (median age = 17.3 years) and at follow-up 1.5 years later. Associations were examined of (1) supportive e-cigarette social environment with subsequent e-cigarette use initiation and (2) baseline e-cigarette use with supportive e-cigarette social environment at follow-up (among those with a nonsupportive baseline social environment). Results Participants with three to four friends using e-cigarettes at baseline (vs. no friends) had an odds ratio (OR) of 4.08 of subsequent initiation (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.96 to 8.49); those with best friends who would have a very friendly (vs. unfriendly) reaction to e-cigarette use had an OR of 2.54 of initiation (95% CI = 1.57 to 4.10); and those with someone in the home using e-cigarettes had an OR of 1.94 of initiation (95% CI = 1.19 to 3.15). Participants who had ever used e-cigarettes at baseline developed a supportive social environment at follow-up (OR of 2.06 of having any friends who used e-cigarettes [95% CI = 1.29 to 3.30] and OR of 2.33 of having friends who were friendly toward use [95% CI = 1.32 to 4.11]). Similar bidirectional associations were observed between ever cigarette use and a supportive cigarette social environment. Conclusions The bidirectional relationship between a supportive e-cigarette social environment and ever use of e-cigarettes was similar to that previously observed between cigarette social environment and cigarette use. Implications Disrupting the social acceptability of youth e-cigarette use merits consideration as a strategy for preventing initiation of e-cigarette use, just as the social denormalization of cigarette use has proven to be effective in preventing cigarette initiation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11436
Author(s):  
Rūtenis Jančius ◽  
Algirdas Gavenauskas ◽  
Antanas Ūsas

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of values and social environmental factors on the pro-environmental attitudes of students. A representative survey of 1161 Lithuanian schoolchildren was conducted between October and November 2020. Health was the most important value for students, and for girls, while healthcare was more important for boys. Among the ecological values, unpolluted food, clean air, and fresh water were the most important. For Lithuanian students, school does not play a decisive role in outdoor behavior compared to family, which plays a more important role in outdoor behavior, and friends are the most important influencers of outdoor behavior. Students in Lithuania have a pro-ecological outlook, which is shaped by their interest in and practice of ecology. Students of ECO schools are more responsible than students of regular schools, although they have less pro-environmental attitudes compared to students of regular schools.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-71
Author(s):  
Farel Yosua Sualang ◽  
Eden Edelyn Easter

This article describes the integration of integrity and the social environment that shapes a person's reputation based on the study of Proverbs 22:1-2, which uses the research method of wisdom literature analysis with 4 (four) interpretations, namely: literal interpretation, context, structure and figures of speech. This study aims to discover a concept and a sustainable application of integrity and the social environment to one's reputation. Even so, many interpreters (such as Solomon Olusola Ademiluka, Kathrine J. Dell and Allen P. Ross, and others) only emphasized a one-way process from reputation to social environment. However, reputation is not a single concept but departs from the factor of integrity and the social environment in its use of Proverbs 22:1-2. This process is based on the author's explanation of the factors of integrity (Integrity towards Personality, Integrity towards Emotional Intelligence) and social environmental factors (Social Environment towards Social Relations and Social Environment towards Generosity) which are interrelated with one another.Artikel ini menjelaskan mengenai integrasi integritas dan lingkungan sosial yang membentuk reputasi seseorang berdasarkan studi Amsal 22:1-2, yang mana menggunakan metode penelitian analisis sastra hikmat dengan 4 (empat) penafsiran, yaitu: penafsiran literal, konteks, struktur dan kiasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan suatu konsep dan penerapan secara berkelanjutan terhadap integrasi integritas dan lingkungan sosial terhadap reputasi seseorang. Sekalipun banyak penafsir (seperti: Solomon Olusola Ademiluka, Kathrine J. Dell dan Allen P. Ross dan lain-lain) hanya menekankan suatu proses searah dari reputasi kepada lingkungan sosial. Namun, reputasi bukan sebuah konsep tunggal, melainkan berangkat dari faktor integritas dan lingkungan sosial dalam penggunaannya Amsal 22:1-2. Proses ini didasarkan kepada penjelasan penulis mengenai faktor integritas (Integritas ke arah Kepribadian, Integritas ke arah Kecerdasan Emosional) dan faktor lingkungan sosial (Lingkungan Sosial ke arah Relasi Sosial dan Lingkungan Sosial ke arah Murah Hati) yang saling berkaitan satu dengan lainnya.


Author(s):  
Nam Jeong Jeong ◽  
Eunil Park ◽  
Angel P. del Pobil

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are one of the major health threats in the world. Thus, identifying the factors that influence NCDs is crucial to monitor and manage diseases. This study investigates the effects of social-environmental and behavioral risk factors on NCDs as well as the effects of social-environmental factors on behavioral risk factors using an integrated research model. This study used a dataset from the 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. After filtering incomplete responses, 5462 valid responses remained. Items including one’s social-environmental factors (household income, education level, and region), behavioral factors (alcohol use, tobacco use, and physical activity), and NCDs histories were used for analyses. To develop a comprehensive index of each factor that allows comparison between different concepts, the researchers assigned scores to indicators of the factors and calculated a ratio of the scores. A series of path analyses were conducted to determine the extent of relationships among NCDs and risk factors. The results showed that social-environmental factors have notable effects on stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, diabetes, and gastric, liver, colon, lung, and thyroid cancers. The results indicate that the effects of social-environmental and behavioral risk factors on NCDs vary across the different types of diseases. The effects of social-environmental factors and behavioral risk factors significantly affected NCDs. However, the effect of social-environmental factors on behavioral risk factors was not supported. Furthermore, social-environmental factors and behavioral risk factors affect NCDs in a similar way. However, the effects of behavioral risk factors were smaller than those of social-environmental factors. The current research suggests taking a comprehensive view of risk factors to further understand the antecedents of NCDs in South Korea.


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