scholarly journals Pain Status as a Predictor of Smoking Cessation Initiation, Lapse, and Relapse

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W Ditre ◽  
Bryan W Heckman ◽  
Lisa R LaRowe ◽  
Jessica M Powers
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Smoking Abstinence ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Pain Status ◽  
Cigarette Dependence ◽  
Point Prevalence Abstinence

Abstract Introduction Pain and cigarette smoking are highly prevalent and frequently co-occurring conditions that interact in the manner of a positive feedback loop. Despite initial evidence that smokers with co-occurring pain may experience greater difficulty quitting, we are unaware of previous research that has tested prospective associations between pain status and the attainment of smoking cessation milestones. Aims and Methods This study examined past 2-week pain status as a predictor of cessation milestones among current smokers who were motivated to quit (Sample 1; N = 301) and smokers who recently initiated a cessation attempt (Sample 2; N = 242). Cessation milestones included initiation of a quit attempt and 7-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA; Sample 1), lapse/relapse (Sample 2), and 7-day PPA at 2-month follow-up (both samples). Indirect associations between pain status and cessation milestones via confidence in quitting and nicotine withdrawal were also examined. Results Smokers with pain (vs. no pain) were as follows: less likely to initiate a quit attempt and achieve 7-day PPA; more likely to lapse and/or relapse; and less likely to report 7-day PPA at follow-up. Pain status was indirectly associated with latency cessation milestones via confidence in quitting and with latency to lapse via withdrawal severity. Conclusions This study demonstrated that pain status can predict smoking cessation outcomes. Clinical implications include the need to assess pain in the context of quitting and that smokers with co-occurring pain may benefit from tailored/integrated cessation interventions. Implications A growing empirical literature indicates that the presence of co-occurring pain probably contributes to the maintenance of cigarette dependence. The current results provide novel evidence that smokers with co-occurring past 2-week pain are less likely to initiate a quit attempt and maintain smoking abstinence than smokers without co-occurring pain. These findings suggest that smokers with pain face unique barriers to quitting and underscore the utility of assessing and addressing pain among all smokers who are planning a smoking cessation attempt.

scholarly journals Electronic cigarettes in standard smoking cessation treatment by tobacco counselors in Flanders: E-cigarette users show similar if not higher quit rates as those using commonly recommended smoking cessation aids

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolien Adriaens ◽  
Eline Belmans ◽  
Dinska Van Gucht ◽  
Frank Baeyens
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Smoking Abstinence ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
Point Prevalence Abstinence

Abstract Background This interventional-cohort study tried to answer if people who smoke and choose an e-cigarette in the context of smoking cessation treatment by tobacco counselors in Flanders are achieving smoking abstinence and how they compare to clients who opt for commonly recommended (or no) aids (nicotine replacement therapy, smoking cessation medication). Methods Participants were recruited by tobacco counselors. They followed smoking cessation treatment (in group) for 2 months. At several times during treatment and 7 months after quit date, participants were asked to fill out questionnaires and to perform eCO measurements. Results One third of all participants (n = 244) achieved smoking abstinence 7 months after the quit date, with e-cigarette users having higher chances to be smoking abstinent at the final session compared to NRT users. Point prevalence abstinence rates across all follow-up measurements, however, as well as continuous and prolonged smoking abstinence, were similar in e-cigarette users and in clients having chosen a commonly recommended (or no) smoking cessation aid. No differences were obtained between smoking cessation aids with respect to product use and experiences. Conclusions People who smoke and choose e-cigarettes in the context of smoking cessation treatment by tobacco counselors show similar if not higher smoking cessation rates compared to those choosing other evidence-based (or no) smoking cessation aids.

scholarly journals Systematic Review on The Effectiveness of Using Carbon Monoxide Measurement in Smoking Cessation Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adil Zainal Abidin ◽  
Hayati Kadir @ Shahar ◽  
Rosliza Abdul Manaf
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Cessation Intervention ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Smoking Abstinence ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Cessation Intervention

Introduction: Carbon monoxide measurement is one of the biomedical risk assessments in smoking cessation. With the advancement in medical devices, risk assessment among smoker using carbon monoxide can be an effective intervention for quit smoking. A systematic review was conducted on the effectiveness of using carbon monoxide measurement in smoking cessation intervention. Material and methods: A systematic review and narrative synthesis were done using PRISMA guideline. A broad database search on English literature was conducted including Medline, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct from 2008 till 2017. Additional studies were also searched through snowballing technique by searching the bibliographies of selected studies. Five studies met the criteria with two studies were done in clinical settings while the other was done at population settings. The studies were conducted in the United States of America, United Kingdom and South Korea. All study were two-arm randomized controlled trials with variation in the outcome measurement mainly intention to quit, quit attempt and smoking abstinence. There was also variation in the duration of follow up ranging from 1 week to 12 months. Results: Only three studies found statistically significant increased in motivation or intention to quit smoking but only at 1 month follow up. All five study found no significant difference in frequency of quit attempt or smoking abstinence. Most of the studies recruited participants based on voluntary participation thus limiting the generalizability of the results. Conclusions: The present review has found limited studies on the effect of carbon monoxide measurement intervention for quit smoking. It may only be beneficial at the motivational level and not translated into behavioural changes. However, the effect too was short term and not sustained in the long term.

scholarly journals Assessing the efficacy and impact of a personalised smoking cessation intervention among type 2 diabetic smokers: study protocol for an open-label randomised controlled trial (DISCGO-RCT)

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e040117
Author(s):  
Carole Clair ◽  
Aurélie Augsburger ◽  
Priska Birrer ◽  
Isabella Locatelli ◽  
Joelle Schwarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Cessation Intervention ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Smoking Abstinence ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Cessation Intervention

IntroductionFew studies have assessed the efficacy of smoking cessation interventions in individuals with type 2 diabetes, but interventions adapted to the specific needs of this population are warranted. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of a smoking cessation intervention in a population of smokers with type 2 diabetes and to measure the metabolic impact of smoking cessation.Methods and analysisThe study is an open-label, randomised control trial. Participants recruited from a sanitary region of Switzerland will be randomly allocated to either the intervention or the control arm. The intervention group will have four individual counselling sessions over 12 weeks. Trained research nurses will conduct the behavioural intervention, using motivational interviews and addressing diabetes and gender specificities. The control group will have one short counselling session at baseline and will be given written information on smoking cessation. Both groups will have a follow-up visit at 26 and 52 weeks. Demographic and medical data will be collected at baseline and follow-up, along with blood and urine samples. The primary study outcome is continuous smoking abstinence validated by expired-air carbon monoxide from week 12 to week 52. Secondary study outcomes are continuous and 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at 12 and 26 weeks; change in motivation to quit and cigarette consumption; and change in glycosylated haemoglobin levels, body weight, waist circumference and renal function after smoking cessation. In a subsample of 80 participants, change in stool microbiota from baseline will be measured at 3, 8 and 26 weeks after smoking cessation.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained by the competent ethics committee (Commission cantonale d’éthique de la recherche sur l’être humain, CER-VD 2017–00812). The results of the study will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.Trial registration numbersClinicalTrials.gov NCT03426423 and SNCTP000002762; Pre-results.

Facebook Chat Application to Prompt and Assist Smoking Cessation Among Spanish-Speaking Young Adults in South Texas

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483992110262
Author(s):  
Patricia Chalela ◽  
Alfred L. McAlister ◽  
David Akopian ◽  
Edgar Munoz ◽  
Cliff Despres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Facebook Advertising

Given how smart phones, internet services, and social media have shown great potential for assisting smoking cessation, we constructed a Facebook chat application based on our previous work with SMS texting services. This report summarizes findings from 2,364 Spanish-speaking young adults recruited through Facebook advertising in South Texas during the 2020 New Year holiday season. Among these service users, 926 (39%) were ready to make a quit attempt, and 26 (3.1%) of those users reported that they were tobacco free 1 month later. There were no responses to a chat question survey 72 days after the dates selected for quitting. Although more research with longer follow up is needed, these findings show that social media chat applications may be helpful for at least prompting quit attempts and short-term cessation among young adult Spanish-speaking smokers. There is no evidence of an impact on long-term cessation, and more research is clearly needed.

Effect of smoking cessation with varenicline on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Ioakeimidis ◽  
C Georgakopoulos ◽  
E Emmanouil ◽  
I Dima ◽  
E Solomou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Smoking Abstinence ◽  
Diagnosis Of Hypertension

Abstract Purpose The interaction between smoking and blood pressure (BP) is complex. Despite the strong association between cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, there is paucity about the effect of pharmacotherapies for treating tobacco dependence on BP in already established arterial hypertension. Varenicline has been shown to be an effective and well-tolerated pharmaceutical intervention for smoking cessation. Aim of the study was to investigate the improvement in BP control in smokers with a diagnosis of hypertension who quit or reduced substantially their tobacco consumption by using varenicline and the association of nicotine dependence with BP changes. Methods A total of 89 (mean age:48±7, 52 males) regular smokers (28±9 pack-years) with a diagnosis of hypertension and on anti-hypertensive drugs were studied. All patients received low-intensity counseling and pharmacotherapy with varenicline (1 mg twice daily) for 12 weeks. Point prevalence smoking abstinence was defined by self-report of complete abstinence in the 7 days before the 12 week clinic visit (end of therapy). Office BP was measured at baseline and each follow-up visit (4 and 12 weeks) office BP. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was used for assessing nicotine dependence. High nicotine dependence (ND) was defined as a FTND score ≥6. Results At 12 weeks, 60 (67%) patients were abstinent from smoking and 14 (16%) were non-abstainers who reduced daily consumption to 50% of baseline. The mean time interval between the initiation of treatment with varenicline and smoking abstinence was 1.8±0.6 weeks. There were not significant differences in age, baseline BP level, severity of nicotine dependence and total cigarette consumption (pack-years) between the two groups. Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) decreased significantly in abstainers (by 7.2 and 5.5 mmHg at 12 weeks, P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively) while the decrease in BP level in non-abstainers was minimal. Among patients with sustained tobacco abstinence, 18 were highly ND and 42 had mild and moderate ND. The two ND groups had similar age and BP levels at baseline. Changes in SBP and DBP from baseline in smokers with arterial hypertension between the two ND groups are illustrated in Figure. The observed reductions in SBP and DBP were significant (P<0.05, both for SBP and DBP) when comparing the high ND group to the mild/moderate ND group at 12 weeks. No severe adverse reactions were reported with varenicline use throughout the entire follow-up duration. Conclusion Varenicline may help smokers with arterial hypertension under antihypertensive therapy to remain abstinent from tobacco cigarette smoking. A novel and important message of this study is also the substantial improvements in office SBP and DBP in highly nicotine dependent sustained tobacco abstainers. ND-BP changes after varenicline therapy Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals 4066 In Teenagers Who Smoke Cigarettes Are Nicotine Patches as Compared to Placebo Effective to Decrease the Number of Cigarettes Smoked? – A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 138-138
Author(s):  
Obumneke A Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Nicotine Patch ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Smoking Abstinence ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Nicotine Patches ◽  
Continuous Abstinence

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The aim was to examine whether nicotine patch was more effective in encouraging abstinence from cigarettes smoking compared to placebo. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Randomized controlled trials involving the general teenage age group smokers who were current smokers-“smoked less than 100 cigarettes over their lifetime and smoked at the time of the interview. Databases were searched for relevant studies reported in English that employed a randomized design published since 2000. Two authors extracted data and assessed quality. The primary outcomes and prioritization were continuous abstinence at 3, 6 and 12-month follow-up or more for the number of patients who responded to treatment, defined as a reduction/abstinence. Heterogeneity between studies did not preclude combined analyses of the data. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: 4 of 266 publications were included. Four studies reported positive effects on smoking cessation at end of treatment: (1) nicotine patches improved continuous abstinence at 6 weeks – 9 weeks months; (2) nicotine patch improved continuous abstinence at 3 to 6 months; (3) nicotine patches improved continuous abstinence 6 and 12 months; (4) nicotine patches improved continuous abstinence at 6 months – 12 and 24 months (5). All studies showed, continuous abstinence at follow up differed in percentage between groups both at 6 weeks through 24 months, with NRT (Nicotine patch) intervention groups achieving higher rates in most of the studies compared to placebo intervention group. Conclusions: NRT intervention methods seem to increase smoking abstinence in those treated for smoking cessation. Further and larger sample size studies are required to make stronger the base of evidence. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Four randomized controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions, for teenagers who smoke cigarettes were identified for inclusion in this review. Four of the studies reported significant effects on smoking cessation, providing evidence of effectiveness of NRT (nicotine patch), behavioral support and combinations of the two, although not all trials intervention treatments found an effect. The four studies reported important intervention effects at both the short and long follow-ups required: 6 weeks up to the 24 months, thereby, providing stronger evidence to support the effectiveness of NRT intervention on smoking cessation. All studies showed some evidence of improved smoking abstinence outcomes. The four studies had in common that the smoking cessation interventions provided a combination of intent to treat prevention, and of all the clinical trials none of them suggested a negative effect of smoking cessation treatment on substance use outcomes using NRT. However, the studies used reliable methods and reported their cases properly, but the small number of studies reviewed for the systematic review makes the conclusion about the effectiveness of these interventions uncertain. The papers visibly stated how the trials protected against bias, as indicated by the Yes (low risk). No (high risk) and U as “unclear risk.” All four studies conducted a random sequence generation of participants enrolled into the study sample.

scholarly journals Comparative Effectiveness of Group-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer B McClure ◽  
Jonathan Bricker ◽  
Kristin Mull ◽  
Jaimee L Heffner
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Point Prevalence Abstinence

Abstract Introduction Preliminary trial data suggest group-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) might be effective for smoking cessation. If so, this could offer a viable alternative to mainstream behavioral therapies, such as those grounded in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The goal of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of group-delivered ACT versus group-delivered CBT in a rigorous randomized trial design with long-term follow-up. Methods Participants (n = 450) were recruited from the Kaiser Permanente Washington health care system and randomized to either ACT-based group counseling or an attention-matched CBT-based group program. All were prescribed an 8-week course of nicotine patches. The primary outcome was self-reported 30-day point prevalence abstinence at 12 months post-randomization assessed with missing values imputed as smoking. Sensitivity analyses using multiple imputation and complete cases were examined, as were biochemically confirmed and 6-month outcomes. Results Thirty-day point prevalence abstinence rates at the 12-month follow-up did not differ between study arms in the primary analysis (13.8% ACT vs. 18.1% CBT, adjusted odds ratio = 0.68 [95% CI = 0.35 to 1.27], p = .23) or the sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Group-based ACT and CBT had similar long-term quit rates in this methodologically rigorous randomized trial. Group-based ACT is a reasonable alternative to group-based CBT for smoking cessation. Implications This study compared the effectiveness of group-based ACT with group-based CBT for smoking cessation using a rigorous, large-scale, attention-matched, randomized trial with 1-year follow-up. One-year cessation rates did not differ between group-based ACT and CBT, suggesting ACT-based intervention is a reasonable alternative to CBT-based counseling for smoking cessation. The results add to the nascent but growing literature assessing ACT and other mindfulness-based treatments for smoking cessation.

Abstract 13872: Cue Restricted Smoking Increases Quit Rates With Varenicline

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Scholz ◽  
Tania O Abe ◽  
Patricia Gaya ◽  
Iana R Moraes ◽  
Bianca Bellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Cessation Rate ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Rate

Introduction: Varenicline effectively helps smokers quit by reducing withdrawal symptoms and blocking the reward of smoking. However, most quitters return to smoking within 1 year. “Cue-restricted smoking” is a behavioral technique designed to increase quit rates by asking smokers attempting to quit to restrict smoking to the standing position, while alone, in an isolated area facing a wall, with the cigarette as the only stimulus. Hypothesis: We compared the effectiveness of cue-restricted smoking cessation advice versus standard target quit date advice from day 8 of initiating varenicline in smokers making a quit attempt at the Smoking Cessation Service at the Prevention Department of the Heart Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Using retrospective clinic records we compared quit rates in 281 smokers (50% males) instructed in the cue-restricted smoking cessation method during 2016-18 to quit rates in 324 smokers (46% males) advised to completely stop smoking on the target quit date which we previously used during 2011-14. All were prescribed varenicline for 12 weeks alone, with the addition of bupropion if needed after 4 weeks. Follow-up consisted of behavioral support at 4-6 visits during active drug treatment and telephone counselling at 24 and 52 weeks. The smoking cessation rate was confirmed with expired carbon monoxide at the 12-week clinic visit and only by telephone at 52 weeks. Results: The mean age of smokers was 49 ±12 years both groups and the number of cigarettes smoked daily was similar (18/day in the cue-restricted versus 19/day in the target quit day group). The smoking cessation rate at 12 weeks was 75% in the cue-restricted versus 45% in the target quit day group (relative risk 1.8; 95% confidence interval 1.4-2.2; p<0.001). At 52 weeks the quit rate was 65% vs 34% respectively (relative risk 1.9; 95% confidence interval 1.5-2.4; p<0.001). Conclusion: Cue restricted smoking substantially increased the chance of quitting compared with standard advice during treatment with varenicline . These results should be further studied in a randomized controlled trial.

Randomised controlled trial of stand-alone tailored emails for smoking cessation

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lee Westmaas ◽  
Jeuneviette Bontemps-Jones ◽  
Peter S Hendricks ◽  
Jihye Kim ◽  
Lorien C Abroms
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Randomised Controlled

IntroductionDigital technology has created opportunities for delivering smoking cessation assistance at the population level. However, the efficacy of sending multiple, automated, tailored emails providing motivation, support and information for quitting is unknown.MethodsSmokers planning to quit (n=1070) were randomly assigned to (1) 27 tailored cessation emails (deluxe email group (DEG)), (2) 3 to 4 tailored emails with links to downloadable booklets (basic email group (BEG)) or (3) a single non-tailored email (single email group (SEG)). All emails included links to quitting resources. Self-reported 7-day point-prevalence abstinence was assessed at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months postenrolment.ResultsAcross follow-ups, abstinence was significantly greater for smokers in the DEG (34%) compared with the SEG (25.8%; OR=1.47, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.02, p=0.02) but there was no difference between the BEG (30.8%) and the SEG (p=0.13). Results were independent of baseline cigarettes per day, interest in quitting, smoker in household, use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or varenicline and gender, themselves associated with abstinence (ps<0.05). Missing=smoking and multiple imputation analyses based on 25 data sets corroborated results. Participants in the DEG were also more likely to use non-medication aids (eg, quit smoking website, cessation class/clinic) compared with the SEG (OR=1.34, p=0.02, CI 1.06 to 1.71), but use of these or NRT by the 4-week follow-up (vs no use) increased abstinence across follow-ups primarily for those in the SEG.ConclusionsStand-alone tailored, multiple emails providing support, motivation and information during a quit attempt are an easily deployable, inexpensive mode of providing effective cessation assistance to large numbers of smokers planning to quit.

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