Tobacco-Related Disparities Viewed Through the Lens of Intersectionality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E Sheffer ◽  
Jill M Williams ◽  
Deborah O Erwin ◽  
Phillip H Smith ◽  
Ellen Carl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
Safe Environment ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Significant Health ◽  
Remarkable Progress

Abstract Despite remarkable progress, tobacco control efforts are not equitably distributed, and tobacco-related disparities continue to contribute to significant health disparities. Our premise in this commentary is that Intersectionality can serve as a productive analytical framework for examining tobacco-related disparities across and within multiple marginalized populations. Intersectionality is a theoretical framework for understanding the multiple interlocking societal systems that bestow privilege and oppression and is increasingly being to the study of health inequities. We present a model and describe how tobacco-related disparities can be understood via critical elements of Intersectionality. We conclude that the application of Intersectionality to understanding tobacco-related disparities has potential to stimulate meaningful discussion and lead to new and innovative multilevel and cross-cutting interventions to eliminate tobacco-related disparities and foster culturally safe environment in which all people can thrive. Implications This commentary describes how Intersectionality can serve as a productive analytic framework for examining the development and maintenance of tobacco-related disparities across and within many marginalized groups.

School Safety and Connectedness Matter for More than Educational Outcomes

2016 ◽  
pp. 39-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Saewyc ◽  
Yuko Homma
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
School Safety ◽  
School Connectedness ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lgbtq Youth ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
School Based ◽  
Significant Health

LGBTQ youth face significant health disparities compared to heterosexual peers. School-based victimization of LGBTQ youth, as well as lower levels of school connectedness and perceived safety at school, have been implicated in those health disparities. Drawing on multivariate and population-based studies throughout the United States and Canada, this chapter explores the evidence that school connectedness can lower the odds of health-compromising behaviors and disparities among different subpopulations of LGBTQ youth. The authors review strategies for fostering school connectedness among the general population and consider how these strategies might fit or might need to be adapted for LGBTQ populations. The authors highlight evidence for programs and policies that improve school connectedness among LGBTQ students that is already available, especially evidence that these programs actually work to reduce health inequities. Schools, as key environments for young people, are important contributors to health for LGBTQ youth.

scholarly journals Feminist Political Economy of Health: Current Perspectives and Future Directions

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Iffath Unissa Syed
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Political Economy Of Health ◽  
Significant Health

Feminist political economy of health is a term that has emerged as a result of research that has combined and connected a feminist political economy lens with a focus on health disparities of women. This paper provides an overview of the literature from the work of feminist medical sociologists and feminist health scholars that have shaped the concept of feminist political economy of health. The analysis indicates that while women have experienced health inequities inside the healthcare system, there are also significant health disparities that are experienced outside the healthcare system due to women’s social, economic, political, and cultural conditions. Given that there are dual crises with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as social movements pushing for change, further work that uses intersectional approaches is advocated.

scholarly journals Determinants of urban cycling from the perspective of Bronfenbrenner's ecological model

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Dutra Dias Viola ◽  
Juan Torres ◽  
Leandro Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Bicycle Commuting ◽  
Model Research ◽  
Urban Cycling ◽  
Determining Factors

Purpose: Human behavior is complex, resulting from dynamic person-environment interactions. The study of determinants in an ecological model can be useful to understand this complexity. When it comes to bicycle commuting, previous research has identified several individual and environmental determinants that can influence behaviour and likelihood to cycle. The purpose of this article is to provide an analytical framework integrating the determinants of cycling in an analysis from the perspective of Bronfenbrenner's ecological model. Methodology: Through a literature review, we select scientific articles that include studies conducted from a variety of cities in the Americas, Europe and Asia. Findings: As a result, the article presents the determining factors for bicycle commuting in a diagram based on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model. Research limitation: Further research, which may include a systematic or an umbrella review, could be conducted to confirm the determining factors that influence bicycle commuting in urban areas. In addition, broader work is needed to understand which factors influence the adhesion of shared bicycles and how they fit into the ecological model proposed by Bronfenbrenner. Originality: Our article provides guidelines for an analytic framework that can be a useful tool in case studies or comparative research on mobility and urbanism.

scholarly journals Towards the development of a DSS supporting the integration of crowdsourcing in theory testing: Analytical framework design

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Enwereuzo ◽  
Pedro Antunes ◽  
David Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Theory Testing ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
Framework Design ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Insight Into

© 2019 Association for Information Systems. All rights reserved. Crowdsourcing can be an adopted strategy for researchers where tasks are distributed to internet users to harness different forms of data, which adds to the reliability and validity of the research process. As theory testing is an essential part of the research process, involving activities that most times needs input from different and diverse participants, the need to consider adopting the crowdsourcing strategy for theory testing is paramount. Adopting a design science paradigm to manage this challenge, we design an analytic framework which comprises of important attributes that need to be considered if crowdsourcing is to be used for any of the theory testing activities. The framework which was justified using sample cases gives us an insight into what attributes make such activity crowdsource-able. The value of this artefact lies in its capacity to help researchers utilize crowdsourcing to their advantage.

An Analytic Framework for Effective Public Health Program Design Using Correctional Facilities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgur M. Araz ◽  
Mayteé Cruz-Aponte ◽  
Fernando A. Wilson ◽  
Brock W. Hanisch ◽  
Ruth S. Margalit
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
Computational Epidemiology ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Interacting Populations

We present a decision analytic framework that uses a mathematical model of Chlamydia trachomatis transmission dynamics in two interacting populations using ordinary differential equations. A public health survey informs model parametrization, and analytical findings guide the computational design of the decision-making process. The potential impact of jail-based screen-treat (S-T) programs on community health outcomes is presented. Numerical experiments are conducted for a case study population to quantify the effect and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of considered interventions. Numerical experiments show the effectiveness of increased jail S-T rates on community cases when resources for a community S-T program stays constant. Although this effect decreases when higher S-T rates are in place, jail-based S-T programs are cost-effective relative to community-based programs. Summary of Contribution: Public health programs have been developed to control community-wide infectious diseases and to reduce prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STD). These programs can consist of screening and treatment of diseases and behavioral interventions. Public correctional facilities play an important role in operational execution of these public health programs. However, because of lack of capacity and resources, public health programs using correctional facilities are questioned by policy-makers in terms of their costs and benefits. In this article, we present an analytical framework using a computational epidemiology model for supporting public health policy making. The system represents the dynamics of Chlamydia trachomatis transmission in two interacting populations, with an ordinary differential equations-based simulation model. The theoretical epidemic control conditions are derived and numerically tested, which guide the design of simulation experiments. Then cost-effectiveness of the potential policies is analyzed. We also present an extensive sensitivity analyses on model parameters. This study contributes to the computational epidemiology literature by presenting an analytical framework to guide effective simulation experimentation for policy decision making. The presented methodology can be applied to other complex policy and public health problems.

scholarly journals Watching over or Working with? Understanding Social Work Innovation in Response to Extra-Familial Harm

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Elizabeth Wroe ◽  
Jenny Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
And Control ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Public Bodies

This paper critically reflects on the role of surveillance and trusted relationships in social work in England and Wales. It explores the characteristics of relationships of trust and relationships of surveillance and asks how these approaches apply to emerging policy and practices responses to extra-familial forms of harm (EFH). Five bodies of research that explore safeguarding responses across a range of public bodies are drawn on to present an analytical framework that explores elements of safeguarding responses, constituting relationships of trust or relationships of surveillance and control. This analytic framework is applied to two case studies, each of which detail a recent practice innovation in response to EFH studied by the authors, as part of a larger body of work under the Contextual Safeguarding programme. The application of this framework signals a number of critical issues related to the focus/rationale, methods and impact of interventions into EFH that should be considered in future work to address EFH, to ensure young people’s rights to privacy and participation are upheld.

Tobacco Control Policies Specified According to Socioeconomic Status: Health Disparities and Cost-Effectiveness

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eelco A. B. Over ◽  
Talitha L. Feenstra ◽  
Rudolf T. Hoogenveen ◽  
Mariël Droomers ◽  
Ellen Uiters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies

scholarly journals A tridimensional view of the Hispanic Health Paradox: Its relationship with faith, the enclave theory, and familism

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 317-345
Author(s):  
Shivaughn Hem-Lee-Forsyth ◽  
Bibiana Sandoval ◽  
Hanna Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Hispanic Health Paradox ◽  
Health Paradox

This paper examines the "Hispanic (American) Health Paradox," the juxtaposition of Hispanics’ longer lifespan than the average American amid numerous inequities regarding social determinants of health. Hispanic Americans endure multiple health disparities with a higher incidence and prevalence of chronic conditions. They also experience multiple psychosocial and physical health challenges, including higher rates of food insecurity, poverty, segregation, discrimination, and limited or no access to medical care. Nevertheless, Hispanics enjoy better physical well-being and lower mortality rates when compared to non-Hispanics in the United States (Ruiz et al., 2021). This project aims to analyze the sources of this group’s biosocial advantages and resilience, allowing them to have a longer lifespan amidst their lower health status and increased risk for chronic conditions. It explores the political and social justice implications of these inequities. It also examines the strategies to close the gap on Latinos' current health care disparities via public policy aspects of federal and state legislature. A narrative review method was utilized to examine the existing literature on this paradoxical effect. Keywords based on Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) used to search resources for relevant studies included: Hispanic health paradox (health paradox, immigrant paradox), ethnic minorities (Latinos, LatinX), health disparities (disproportionate health, health inequities), social justice (healthcare stakeholders, health inequities solutions, inequities recommendations), mental health, physical health, and co-morbidities.  A quality assessment of full-text peer-reviewed articles yielded 80 articles to compile this narrative review. The research revealed that, despite glaring disparities in social determinants of health, Hispanic Americans have overall experienced better health outcomes through a culture that emphasizes spirituality, community support, and strong family ties.

scholarly journals Intersectionality and Smoking Cessation: Exploring Various Approaches for Understanding Health Inequities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey N Potter ◽  
Cho Y Lam ◽  
Paul M Cinciripini ◽  
David W Wetter
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Target Intervention

Abstract Objective Many marginalized groups smoke at higher rates and have greater difficulty quitting than less marginalized groups. Most research on smoking cessation inequities has focused on a single sociodemographic attribute (eg, race or socioeconomic status), yet individuals possess multiple attributes that may increase risk. The current study used an intersectionality framework to examine how the interplay between multiple marginalized attributes may impact smoking cessation outcomes. Methods A diverse sample of 344 adults enrolled in a smoking cessation program and reported on sociodemographic attributes (eg, race/ethnicity, gender, income) and continuous smoking abstinence on their quit date and at 1, 2, and 4 weeks postquit date. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate whether intersectional links among race/ethnicity, gender, and income were related to smoking cessation outcomes. Results Lower household income may be related to higher risk of smoking cessation failure. There were no significant interactions among race/ethnicity, gender, and income in predicting relapse. Pairwise intersectional group differences suggested some groups may be at higher risk of relapse. Number of marginalized sociodemographic attributes did not predict relapse. Conclusions Intersectionality may be a promising framework for addressing health inequities, and may help elucidate how to best design and target intervention efforts for individuals characterized by sociodemographic intersections that concur particularly high risk for poor tobacco cessation outcomes. Implications Despite an overall decline in smoking rates, socioeconomic inequities in smoking prevalence and cancer mortality are widening. Efforts targeting tobacco cessation should incorporate new theory to capture the complex set of factors that may account for tobacco cessation inequities (eg, multiple aspects of identity that may influence access to tobacco cessation treatment and exposure to certain stressors that impede cessation efforts). Intersectionality may be a promising framework for addressing health inequities in tobacco use and cessation and may help elucidate how to best design and target intervention efforts for individuals that concur particularly high risk for poor tobacco cessation outcomes.

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