Determinants of urban cycling from the perspective of Bronfenbrenner's ecological model

Purpose: Human behavior is complex, resulting from dynamic person-environment interactions. The study of determinants in an ecological model can be useful to understand this complexity. When it comes to bicycle commuting, previous research has identified several individual and environmental determinants that can influence behaviour and likelihood to cycle. The purpose of this article is to provide an analytical framework integrating the determinants of cycling in an analysis from the perspective of Bronfenbrenner's ecological model. Methodology: Through a literature review, we select scientific articles that include studies conducted from a variety of cities in the Americas, Europe and Asia. Findings: As a result, the article presents the determining factors for bicycle commuting in a diagram based on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model. Research limitation: Further research, which may include a systematic or an umbrella review, could be conducted to confirm the determining factors that influence bicycle commuting in urban areas. In addition, broader work is needed to understand which factors influence the adhesion of shared bicycles and how they fit into the ecological model proposed by Bronfenbrenner. Originality: Our article provides guidelines for an analytic framework that can be a useful tool in case studies or comparative research on mobility and urbanism.

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Key factors to facilitate locally driven family planning programming: a qualitative analysis of urban stakeholder perspectives in Africa and Asia

Globalization and Health ◽

10.1186/s12992-021-00717-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Mwaikambo ◽

Sarah Brittingham ◽

Saori Ohkubo ◽

Ruwaida Salem ◽

Denis Joel Sama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Health Systems ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Local Governments ◽

Scale Up ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Essential Elements ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Country Ownership

Abstract Background There has been greater recognition of the importance of country ownership in global health and development. However, operationalising country ownership to ensure the scale up and sustainability of proven interventions remains elusive at best. To address this challenge, we undertook a thematic analysis of interviews collected from representatives of local governments, public health systems, and communities in poor urban areas of East Africa, Francophone West Africa, India, and Nigeria, supported by The Challenge Initiative (TCI), aiming to rapidly and sustainably scale up evidence-based reproductive health and family planning solutions. Methods The main objective of this study was to explore critical elements needed for implementing and scaling evidence-based family planning interventions. The research team conducted thematic analysis of 96 stories collected using the Most Significant Change (MSC) technique between July 2018 and September 2019. After generating 55 unique codes, the codes were grouped into related themes, using TCI’s model as a general analytical framework. Results Five key themes emerged: (1) strengthening local capacity and improving broader health systems, (2) shifting mindsets of government and community toward local ownership, (3) institutionalising the interventions within existing government structures, (4) improving data demand and use for better planning of health services, and (5) enhancing coordination of partners. Conclusion While some themes feature more prominently in a particular region than others, taken together they represent what stakeholders perceive to be essential elements for scaling up locally-driven health programmes in urban areas in Africa and Asia.

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State-of-the-Art Review on the Energy Performance of Semi-Transparent Building Integrated Photovoltaic across a Range of Different Climatic and Environmental Conditions

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14123412 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 3412

Author(s):

Reza Khalifeeh ◽

Hameed Alrashidi ◽

Nazmi Sellami ◽

Tapas Mallick ◽

Walid Issa

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Energy Losses ◽

Building Integrated Photovoltaics ◽

Building Integrated Photovoltaic ◽

Innovative Solutions ◽

Building Components ◽

System Properties

Semi-transparent Building Integrated Photovoltaics provide a fresh approach to the renewable energy sector, combining the potential of energy generation with aesthetically pleasing, multi-functional building components. Employing a range of technologies, they can be integrated into the envelope of the building in different ways, for instance, as a key element of the roofing or façade in urban areas. Energy performance, measured by their ability to produce electrical power, at the same time as delivering thermal and optical efficiencies, is not only impacted by the system properties, but also by a variety of climatic and environmental factors. The analytical framework laid out in this paper can be employed to critically analyse the most efficient solution for a specific location; however, it is not always possible to mitigate energy losses, using commercially available materials. For this reason, a brief overview of new concept devices is provided, outlining the way in which they mitigate energy losses and providing innovative solutions for a sustainable energy future.

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Slavery and Its Transformations: Prolegomena for a Global and Comparative Research Agenda

Comparative Studies in Society and History ◽

10.1017/s0010417521000153 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 566-598

Author(s):

Matthias van Rossum

Keyword(s):

Comparative Research ◽

Research Agenda ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

The Body ◽

Indonesian Archipelago ◽

Research Perspectives ◽

History Of ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

Contemporary Development

AbstractThis article argues that we need to move beyond the “Atlantic” and “formal” bias in our understanding of the history of slavery. It explores ways forward toward developing a better understanding of the long-term global transformations of slavery. Firstly, it claims we should revisit the historical and contemporary development of slavery by adopting a wider scope that accounts for the adaptable and persistent character of different forms of slavery. Secondly, it stresses the importance of substantially expanding the body of empirical observations on trajectories of slavery regimes, especially outside the Atlantic, and most notable in the Indian Ocean and Indonesian Archipelago worlds, where different slavery regimes existed and developed in interaction. Thirdly, it proposes an integrated analytical framework that will overcome the current fragmentation of research perspectives and allow for a more comparative analysis of the trajectories of slavery regimes in their highly diverse formal and especially informal manifestations. Fourth, the article shows how an integrated framework will enable a collaborative research agenda that focuses not only on comparisons, but also on connections and interactions. It calls for a closer integration of the histories of informal slavery regimes into the wider body of existing scholarship on slavery and its transformations in the Atlantic and other more intensely studied formal slavery regimes. In this way, we can renew and extend our understandings of slavery's long-term, global transformations.

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Towards the development of a DSS supporting the integration of crowdsourcing in theory testing: Analytical framework design

10.26686/wgtn.12616910 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

I Enwereuzo ◽

Pedro Antunes ◽

David Johnstone

Keyword(s):

Information Systems ◽

Design Science ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Research Process ◽

Theory Testing ◽

Analytic Framework ◽

Framework Design ◽

Internet Users ◽

Insight Into

© 2019 Association for Information Systems. All rights reserved. Crowdsourcing can be an adopted strategy for researchers where tasks are distributed to internet users to harness different forms of data, which adds to the reliability and validity of the research process. As theory testing is an essential part of the research process, involving activities that most times needs input from different and diverse participants, the need to consider adopting the crowdsourcing strategy for theory testing is paramount. Adopting a design science paradigm to manage this challenge, we design an analytic framework which comprises of important attributes that need to be considered if crowdsourcing is to be used for any of the theory testing activities. The framework which was justified using sample cases gives us an insight into what attributes make such activity crowdsource-able. The value of this artefact lies in its capacity to help researchers utilize crowdsourcing to their advantage.

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An Analytic Framework for Effective Public Health Program Design Using Correctional Facilities

INFORMS Journal on Computing ◽

10.1287/ijoc.2020.1056 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ozgur M. Araz ◽

Mayteé Cruz-Aponte ◽

Fernando A. Wilson ◽

Brock W. Hanisch ◽

Ruth S. Margalit

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Decision Making ◽

Numerical Experiments ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Health Programs ◽

Correctional Facilities ◽

Analytic Framework ◽

Computational Epidemiology ◽

Public Health Programs ◽

Interacting Populations

We present a decision analytic framework that uses a mathematical model of Chlamydia trachomatis transmission dynamics in two interacting populations using ordinary differential equations. A public health survey informs model parametrization, and analytical findings guide the computational design of the decision-making process. The potential impact of jail-based screen-treat (S-T) programs on community health outcomes is presented. Numerical experiments are conducted for a case study population to quantify the effect and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of considered interventions. Numerical experiments show the effectiveness of increased jail S-T rates on community cases when resources for a community S-T program stays constant. Although this effect decreases when higher S-T rates are in place, jail-based S-T programs are cost-effective relative to community-based programs. Summary of Contribution: Public health programs have been developed to control community-wide infectious diseases and to reduce prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STD). These programs can consist of screening and treatment of diseases and behavioral interventions. Public correctional facilities play an important role in operational execution of these public health programs. However, because of lack of capacity and resources, public health programs using correctional facilities are questioned by policy-makers in terms of their costs and benefits. In this article, we present an analytical framework using a computational epidemiology model for supporting public health policy making. The system represents the dynamics of Chlamydia trachomatis transmission in two interacting populations, with an ordinary differential equations-based simulation model. The theoretical epidemic control conditions are derived and numerically tested, which guide the design of simulation experiments. Then cost-effectiveness of the potential policies is analyzed. We also present an extensive sensitivity analyses on model parameters. This study contributes to the computational epidemiology literature by presenting an analytical framework to guide effective simulation experimentation for policy decision making. The presented methodology can be applied to other complex policy and public health problems.

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Watching over or Working with? Understanding Social Work Innovation in Response to Extra-Familial Harm

Social Sciences ◽

10.3390/socsci9040037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lauren Elizabeth Wroe ◽

Jenny Lloyd

Keyword(s):

Social Work ◽

Case Studies ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Analytic Framework ◽

England And Wales ◽

Critical Issues ◽

And Control ◽

Future Work ◽

Public Bodies

This paper critically reflects on the role of surveillance and trusted relationships in social work in England and Wales. It explores the characteristics of relationships of trust and relationships of surveillance and asks how these approaches apply to emerging policy and practices responses to extra-familial forms of harm (EFH). Five bodies of research that explore safeguarding responses across a range of public bodies are drawn on to present an analytical framework that explores elements of safeguarding responses, constituting relationships of trust or relationships of surveillance and control. This analytic framework is applied to two case studies, each of which detail a recent practice innovation in response to EFH studied by the authors, as part of a larger body of work under the Contextual Safeguarding programme. The application of this framework signals a number of critical issues related to the focus/rationale, methods and impact of interventions into EFH that should be considered in future work to address EFH, to ensure young people’s rights to privacy and participation are upheld.

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Measuring Functional Urban Shrinkage with Multi-Source Geospatial Big Data: A Case Study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Megaregion

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12162513 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (16) ◽

pp. 2513 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qiwei Ma ◽

Zhaoya Gong ◽

Jing Kang ◽

Ran Tao ◽

Anrong Dang

Keyword(s):

Big Data ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Spatial Clustering ◽

Landscape Fragmentation ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Urban Land Use ◽

Urban Systems ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Clustering Methods

Most of the shrinking cities experience an unbalanced deurbanization across different urban areas in cities. However, traditional ways of measuring urban shrinkage are focused on tracking population loss at the city level and are unable to capture the spatially heterogeneous shrinking patterns inside a city. Consequently, the spatial mechanism and patterns of urban shrinkage inside a city remain less understood, which is unhelpful for developing accommodation strategies for shrinkage. The smart city initiatives and practices have provided a rich pool of geospatial big data resources and technologies to tackle the complexity of urban systems. Given this context, we propose a new measure for the delineation of shrinking areas within cities by introducing a new concept of functional urban shrinkage, which aims to capture the mismatch between urban built-up areas and the areas where significantly intensive human activities take place. Taking advantage of a data fusion approach to integrating multi-source geospatial big data and survey data, a general analytical framework is developed to construct functional shrinkage measures. Specifically, Landsat-8 remote sensing images were used for extracting urban built-up areas by supervised neural network classifications and Geographic Information System tools, while cellular signaling data from China Unicom Inc. was used to depict human activity areas generated by spatial clustering methods. Combining geospatial big data with urban land-use functions obtained from land surveys and Points-Of-Interests data, the framework further enables the comparison between cities from dimensions characterized by indices of spatial and urban functional characteristics and the landscape fragmentation; thus, it has the capacity to facilitate an in-depth investigation of fundamental causes and internal mechanisms of urban shrinkage. With a case study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei megaregion using data from various sources collected for the year of 2018, we demonstrate the validity of this approach and its potential generalizability for other spatial contexts in facilitating timely and better-informed planning decision support.

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An Urban Explanation of Jokowi’s Rise: Implications for Politics and Governance in Post-Suharto Indonesia

Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs ◽

10.1177/1868103421990853 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 186810342199085

Author(s):

So Yoon Lee

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Political Support ◽

Political Performance ◽

Insufficient Attention ◽

Media And Politics ◽

National Economic ◽

Local Politicians ◽

Key Factor

Earlier explanations of Jokowi’s rise to presidency in 2014 have mostly focused on his distinct qualities or the types of political support he received from Indonesian society. However, such explanations, albeit informative, pay insufficient attention to a key factor in Jokowi’s rise: Indonesia’s urbanisation. In this article, I first propose an urban analytical framework comprising three factors: urban-led national economic growth, decentralisation, and Jakarta-centrism in Indonesian media and politics. Then, I examine whether this framework can be applied to Jokowi’s rise by drawing on existing scholarship and data. Finally, I argue that urbanisation has shaped several key constituencies and grievances in Indonesia, contributing significantly to Jokowi’s rise. My argument concerns the following two ideas: first, the urban has become a new pathway to power in Indonesia for local politicians such as Jokowi; second, urban-centrism in Indonesia has made urban areas, especially Jakarta, important stages for political performance.

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Monitoring discriminatory political discourse on immigration: A pilot study in Catalonia

Discourse & Society ◽

10.1177/0957926516685464 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 204-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gema Rubio-Carbonero ◽

Ricard Zapata-Barrero

Keyword(s):

Social Psychology ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Political Science ◽

Comparative Research ◽

Political Discourse ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

And Linguistics

The aim of this article is to present the findings of an analytical framework we have designed to monitor discriminatory political discourse on immigration. Through the understanding of how some of the most relevant studies in three disciplines (political science, social psychology and linguistics) have framed racism, we try to infer how such racism may manifest in discourse through particular discriminatory tendencies. The combination of these tendencies has contributed to the designing of the proposed analytical framework that aims, by means of 12 standards, to systematically certify political discourse as discriminatory, quantify how much discriminatory discourse is and assess how such discrimination is legitimised or justified. By implementing such a framework within the context of Catalonia, this pilot study offers a global picture of how Catalan political discourse on immigration is constructed and how each of the standards appears (or does not appear) in discourse. Once the viability of this framework is proven, we conclude it could be the basis of comparative research in other contexts.

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Comparative Research on the Metropolitan Administration and Service in Porto

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia ◽

10.17951/sil.2020.29.4.11-30 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

István Hoffman ◽

János Fazekas ◽

András Bencsik ◽

Bálint Imre Bodó ◽

Kata Budai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Transport System ◽

Metropolitan Area ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Comparative Research ◽

Urban Governance ◽

Public Services ◽

Public Authority ◽

Intermodal Transport ◽

Transport Management

<p>The Porto Metropolitan Area (Área Metropolitana do Porto, AMP) is a framework of cooperation between 17 municipalities and several districts. This metropolitan area has a specific, inter-municipal model of urban governance. In our research, we found that cooperation is significant mainly in sectors where the central legislature has essentially made this mandatory, by designing the AMP and defining its powers. In addition to AMP, only partial cooperation has been established in the field of waste management, and in the field of human public services and in the performance of public authority, there is essentially a set of autonomous organisational solutions. However, despite all this fragmentation, the above system ensures the satisfactory functioning of the metropolitan agglomeration. This also underlines the importance of transport management in urban areas, since this functioning system is based on an integrated and intermodal transport system</p>

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