scholarly journals Relationship between arginine intake in parenteral nutrition and preterm neonatal population plasma arginine concentrations: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 878-889
Author(s):  
Chandini M Premakumar ◽  
Mark A Turner ◽  
Colin Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Dose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Arginine ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractContextVery preterm neonates (VPNs) are unable to digest breast milk and therefore rely on parenteral nutrition (PN) formulations. This systematic review was prepared following PRISMA-P 2015 guidelines. For the purpose of this review, desirable mean plasma arginine concentration is defined as ≥80 micromoles/L.ObjectiveThe review was performed to answer the following research question: “In VPNs, are high amounts of arginine in PN, compared with low amounts of arginine, associated with appropriate circulating concentrations of arginine?” Therefore, the aims were to 1) quantify the relationship between parenteral arginine intakes and plasma arginine concentrations in PN-dependent VPNs; 2) identify any features of study design that affect this relationship; and 3) estimate the target parenteral arginine dose to achieve desirable preterm plasma arginine concentrations.Data SourcesThe PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched regardless of study design; review articles were not included.Data ExtractionOnly articles that discussed amino acid (AA) intake and measured plasma AA profile post PN in VPNs were included. Data were obtained using a data extraction checklist that was devised for the purpose of this review.Data AnalysisTwelve articles met the inclusion criteria. The dose–concentration relationship of arginine content (%) and absolute arginine intake (mg/(kg × d)) with plasma arginine concentrations showed a significant positive correlation (P < 0.001).ConclusionFuture studies using AA solutions with arginine content of 17%–20% and protein intakes of 3.5–4.0 g/kg per day may be needed to achieve higher plasma arginine concentrations.

How Design Can Impact the Performance of a Healthcare Application, Affect Users’ Decisions and Contribute to Patient’s Well-Being: A Scoping Review Protocol.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose George Dias de Souza ◽  
Frederico M. Bublitz ◽  
Daniel Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Digital Library ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Health Applications

Abstract Background: Pregnancy is an important phase in a woman's life, the gestational period however is accompanied by fears and apprehension, especially for women who are experiencing this phase for the first time. Prenatal care is essential to prevent diseases and reduce risk for pregnant women, thus enabling healthy development for the baby. Nowadays many women find it difficult to make an adequate prenatal care, for the most varied reasons. Taking into account that the world is increasingly connected to the internet, it is important to understand, analyzing a set of health applications, which are the best decisions from the design point of view, usability to become a useful application for pregnant women, another relevant point is to understand how the architecture of these solutions were designed to be scalable. Thus, a well-defined systematic review is needed to identify the impacts of architectural, design and performance decisions on health applications, reducing risks and minimizing human errors.Methods/Design: This study will follow a well-defined methodological structure. The methodology is separated into the following sections: Research question identification; Extraction of relevant studies; Selection criteria; Charting the data; Collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. The research question aims to analyze the approaches used to build health applications aiming at design decisions, architecture and the impacts that are generated for the end user. The researchers will use the following electronic databases for data extraction: PubMed (Medline); IEEE Xplore Digital Library; ACM Digital Library; Web of Science; and Scopus Document Search. The search for research will consist of a set of terms and keywords.Discussion: This work has the interest of presenting a model, a standard, a guide for creating a health software interface, always aiming at the quality of the interface, the user experience and the possible gain with the performance of the application, considering that users will have more security to make decisions.Systematic review registration: Submitted on October 11, 2020 Open Science Framework.

Ketogenic diet and cognition in neurological diseases: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Pavón ◽  
E Lázaro ◽  
O Martínez ◽  
I Amayra ◽  
J F López-Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Scientific Rigor ◽  
Online Library

Abstract Context In recent years, the ketogenic diet has gained special relevance as a possible therapeutic alternative to some neurological and chronic diseases. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to answer the following question: Does a ketogenic diet improve cognitive skills in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, refractory epilepsy, and type 1 glucose deficiency syndrome? To define the research question, the PICOS criteria were used, following the guidelines of the PRISMA method. Data sources Medline/PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Dialnet, EBSCOhost, Mediagraphic, Sage Journals, ProQuest, and Wiley Online Library databases were used. Data extraction After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria in accordance with the PRISMA method, a total of 63 entries published between 2004 and 2019 were used. Data analysis The records extracted were analyzed from a qualitative approach, so no statistical analysis was carried out. Conclusion Although scientific literature on the subject is scarce and there has tended to be a lack of scientific rigor, the studies reviewed confirmed the effectiveness of this diet in improving the cognitive symptomatology of the aforementioned diseases.

Systematic Reviews of Health Care Interventions: An Essential Component of Health Sciences Graduate Programs

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley Peacock ◽  
Dorothy Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Unpublished Studies ◽  
Unpublished Research

Systematic reviews are an objective, rigorous assessment of both published and unpublished research that enable the reviewer to make recommendations to clinicians, policy-makers, consumers, and researchers. The steps in a systematic review include: (a) developing a research question, (b) developing relevance and validity tools, (c) conducting a thorough literature search of published and unpublished studies, (d) using relevance and validity tools to assess the studies, (e) completing data extraction for each study, (f) synthesizing the findings and, (g) writing the report. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the value of providing health science graduate students with the opportunity to learn about the conduct of a systematic review. An example of a thesis utilizing the method of a systematic review is presented.

Effects of hesperidin consumption on cardiovascular risk biomarkers: a systematic review of animal studies and human randomized clinical trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 845-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Pla-Pagà ◽  
J Companys ◽  
L Calderón-Pérez ◽  
E Llauradó ◽  
R Solà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Risk Biomarkers

Abstract Context The cardioprotective effects of the flavonoid hesperidin, which is present in citrus products, are controversial and unclear. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2015 guidelines. Objective To evaluate the current evidence from animal and human clinical studies and thus determine whether the consumption of hesperidin exerts beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors. Data sources PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study Design) criteria defined the research question. Searches of the PubMed and Cochrane Plus databases were conducted and studies that met the inclusion criteria and were published in English in the last 15 years were included. Data extraction The first author, year of publication, study design, characteristics of animals and humans, intervention groups, dose of hesperidin, route of administration, duration of the intervention, cardiovascular risk biomarkers assessed, and results observed were extracted from the included articles. Results A total of 12 animal studies and 11 randomized clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. In the animal studies, the glucose, total and LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels decreased with chronic flavonoid consumption. In the human studies, endothelial function improved with flavonoid consumption, whereas no conclusive results were observed for the other biomarkers. Conclusions Animal studies have revealed that hesperidin and hesperetin consumption reduces glucose levels and various lipid profile parameters. However, a definitive conclusion cannot be drawn from the existing human clinical trials. Further research is needed to confirm whether the findings observed in animal models can also be observed in humans. Systematic Review Registration Prospero registration number CRD42018088942.

scholarly journals Stability of the Glutathione Supplementation into Parenteral Nutrition to Protect Very Preterm Babies from Oxidative Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clémence Guiraut ◽  
Nadine El Raichani ◽  
Guillaume Morin ◽  
Ibrahim Mohamed ◽  
Jean-Claude Lavoie
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Maximum Loss ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Glutathione Deficiency

Most very premature newborns (&lt; 32 weeks of gestation) receive parenteral nutrition (PN) that is inherently contaminated with peroxides. Oxidative stress induced by PN is associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a main pathological complication in these babies who have weak antioxidant capacity to detoxify peroxides because of their glutathione deficiency. In animals, glutathione supplementation of PN prevented oxidative stress and alveolar loss (the main characteristic of bronchopulmonary dysplasia). Of its two forms - disulfide (GSSG) and free thiol (GSH) - GSSG was used because of its better stability in PN. However, a 30% loss of GSSG in PN is observed. The potentially high therapeutic benefits of GSSG supplementation on the health of very premature babies makes the study of its stability highly important. Thus, GSSG was incubated in combination with the following components of PN: dextrose, multivitamins, Primene, Travasol, as well as with cysteine, cystine and peroxides for 24h. Total glutathione in these solutions was measured 0-24h after the addition of GSSG. The combination of cysteine and multivitamins caused the maximum loss of glutathione. Removing the cysteine prevented the degradation of glutathione. GSSG reacts with cysteine to form cysteine-glutathione disulfide, another suitable glutathione substrate for preterm neonates.

scholarly journals Evidence Map and Systematic Review of Disinfection Efficacy on Environmental Surfaces in Healthcare Facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11100
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Christenson ◽  
Ryan Cronk ◽  
Helen Atkinson ◽  
Aayush Bhatt ◽  
Emilio Berdiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
System Level ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Evidence Map ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Environmental Surfaces

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) contribute to patient morbidity and mortality with an estimated 1.7 million infections and 99,000 deaths costing USD $28–34 billion annually in the United States alone. There is little understanding as to if current environmental surface disinfection practices reduce pathogen load, and subsequently HAIs, in critical care settings. This evidence map includes a systematic review on the efficacy of disinfecting environmental surfaces in healthcare facilities. We screened 17,064 abstracts, 635 full texts, and included 181 articles for data extraction and study quality assessment. We reviewed ten disinfectant types and compared disinfectants with respect to study design, outcome organism, and fourteen indictors of study quality. We found important areas for improvement and gaps in the research related to study design, implementation, and analysis. Implementation of disinfection, a determinant of disinfection outcomes, was not measured in most studies and few studies assessed fungi or viruses. Assessing and comparing disinfection efficacy was impeded by study heterogeneity; however, we catalogued the outcomes and results for each disinfection type. We concluded that guidelines for disinfectant use are primarily based on laboratory data rather than a systematic review of in situ disinfection efficacy. It is critically important for practitioners and researchers to consider system-level efficacy and not just the efficacy of the disinfectant.

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