Use of GIS in Environmental Science

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karam Ahmad ◽  
Melinda Laituri
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Software Modeling ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Data Accessibility ◽  
Gis Applications ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Complex Environmental Problems

The use of geographic information systems (GIS) in environmental science is a complex, multifaceted, and amorphous topic. Environmental science is a multidisciplinary field that integrates the biological, social, and physical sciences to address the seemingly intractable environmental problems humans face. Increasingly, GIS is the tool used to organize, analyze, manage, and visualize geospatial data that links models to derive outputs from environmental analysis and modeling. Coupled, the fields of GIS and environmental science cover a multitude of topics and approaches scattered across a broad bibliographic landscape. The environmental movement of the 1960s and 1970s fueled the development of environmental science as a disciplinary field closely related to ecology, geography, and hydrology. In the 1980s, GIS became a more accessible tool for researchers through such programs as GRASS, Intergraph, and ESRI’s ArcInfo to characterize and analyze complex environmental problems. During the 1990s, approaches to environmental science focused on risk management, pollution, and monitoring. The coincidence of Internet development, data accessibility, visualization, and software modeling tools have created a perfect storm for the adoption of an integrated approach—environmental science with an integrated technology (GIS)—to address environmental issues. There has been a virtual explosion of applications and research utilizing GIS that cover a broad range of issues: water resources, climate change, urban planning, environmental justice, vulnerability studies, etc. This bibliography provides an entrée to the complex landscape of GIS applications for environmental science. It is not an exhaustive bibliography, but one that highlights some of the main avenues of GIS applications. Utilizing the Web of Science, Academic Search Premier, and Google Scholar, key articles on GIS and environmental science were accessed and organized around various thematic areas, including Disasters, Ecology, Pollution, Public Health and Epidemiology, and Water Resources Analysis. There are numerous other areas of this topic, but selecting these areas presents the reader with an overview of the field. Many of the articles in this bibliography provide a jumping off point to explore other topic areas that are not included in this bibliography.

scholarly journals Determining regional limits and sectoral constraints for water use

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 4039-4052 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Lissner ◽  
C. A. Sullivan ◽  
D. E. Reusser ◽  
J. P. Kropp
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Water Volumes ◽  
Main Determinants

Abstract. Water is an essential input to the majority of human activities. Often, access to sufficient water resources is limited by quality and infrastructure aspects, rather than by resource availability alone, and each activity has different requirements regarding the nature of these aspects. This paper develops an integrated approach to assess the adequacy of water resources for the three major water users: the domestic, agricultural and industrial sectors. Additionally, we include environmental water requirements. We first outline the main determinants of water adequacy for each sector. Subsequently, we present an integrated approach using fuzzy logic, which allows assessing sector-specific as well as overall water adequacy. We implement the approach in two case study settings to exemplify the main features of the approach. Using results from two climate models and two forcing RCPs (representative concentration pathways), as well as population projections, we further assess the impacts of climate change in combination with population growth on the adequacy of water resources. The results provide an important step forward in determining the most relevant factors, impeding adequate access to water, which remains an important challenge in many regions of the world. The methodology allows one to directly identify the factors that are most decisive in determining the adequacy of water in each region, pointing towards the most efficient intervention points to improve conditions. Our findings underline the fact that, in addition to water volumes, water quality is a limitation for all sectors and, especially for the environmental sector, high levels of pollution are a threat to water adequacy.

scholarly journals Handbook of Cyanobacterial Monitoring and Cyanotoxin Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Martens
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
General Public ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Standard Operating Procedures ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Standard Operating

Cyanobacteria are impacting widely on the daily activities of the general public. They are increasingly recognized as agents having possible adverse effects on water resources, on health of human and/or animals and therefore should be monitored and managed. To fill existing gaps this valuable handbook which is edited by three highly respected experts in the areas microbiology, algae biochemistry, metabolomics, and environmental science provide reviews, practical methods and standard operating procedures...

scholarly journals STRENGTHENING SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE THROUGH GIS APPLICATIONS IN TRANSPORT MODELING

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Lebedeva ◽  
Zlata Tarasova
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Transport Modeling ◽  
Spatial Perspective ◽  
Gis Applications ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Modeling Transport

The process of transporting passengers and goods takes place in space; therefore, geospatial foundations are considered in transport models. Considering conceptual, methodological and technical developments in this direction, the relevance of an integrated approach becomes obvi-ous. The article deals with geographic information systems and their application in modeling transport processes. Three areas are identified in which the spatial perspective contributes to effective modeling and increasing the reliability of the results obtained. The purpose of the study is to prove the prospects of spatial transport modeling with the integration of geographic information systems

scholarly journals Determining regional limits and sectoral constraints for water use under climate change

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 4695-4727
Author(s):  
T. K. Lissner ◽  
C. A. Sullivan ◽  
D. E. Reusser ◽  
J. P. Kropp
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Water Volumes ◽  
Main Determinants

Abstract. Water is an essential input to the majority of human activities. Often, access to sufficient water resources is limited by quality and infrastructure aspects, rather than by resource availability alone, and each activity has different requirements regarding the nature of these aspects. This paper develops an integrated approach to assess the adequacy of water resources for the three major water users, the domestic, agricultural and industrial sectors. Additionally, we include environmental water requirements. We first outline the main determinants of water adequacy for each sector. Subsequently, we present an integrated approach using fuzzy logic, with allows assessing sector-specific as well as overall water adequacy. We implement the approach in two case study settings to exemplify the main features of the approach. Using results from two climate models and two forcing RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways) as well as population projections, we further assess the impacts of climate change and population growth on the adequacy of water resources. The results provide an important step forward in determining the most relevant factors, impeding adequate access to water, which remains an important challenge in many regions of the world. The methodology allows to directly identify those factors most decisive in determining the adequacy of water in each region, pointing towards the most efficient intervention points to improve conditions. Our findings underline the fact that in addition to water volumes, water quality is a limitation for all sectors and especially for the environmental sector, high levels of pollution are a threat to water adequacy.

scholarly journals Pola Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pelaku Pembakaran Hutan dan Lahan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Syaifullah Yophi Ardiyanto ◽  
Tengku Arif Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Fire Disaster ◽  
Complex Environmental Problems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Laws And Regulations ◽  
Forestry Institutions

Riau Province as one of the provinces in Indonesia with quite complex environmental problems, especially the problem of forest destruction and peat ecosystems, the impact of which is one of the largest contributors to the forest and land fire disaster that occurred in Indonesia. Forest and land fires continue every year, but law enforcement against perpetrators of forest and land fires. Law enforcement against perpetrators of forest and land burning is very important considering that one of the causes of forest and land destruction is the occurrence of fires or burning of forests and land before the use of the forest and land. This is important considering that one of the requirements for realizing Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) really depends on the conditions of policies, laws and institutions, all of which are included in Good Forestry Governance. The main cause of poor forest management is the failure of policies, laws and institutions. Weak forestry institutions cannot enforce laws and regulations related to forestry. Abstrak Provinsi Riau sebagai salah satu provinsi di Indonesia dengan persoalan lingkungan hidup yang cukup kompleks, khususnya persoalan kerusakan hutan dan ekosistem gambut yang dampaknya sebagai salah satu provinsi penyumbang terbesar bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang terjadi di Indonesia. Kebakaran hutan dan lahan setiap tahun terus saja terjadi, namun penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku pembakaran hutan dan lahan. Penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku pembakaran hutan dan lahan menjadi hal yang sangat penting mengingat salah satu penyebab kerusakan hutan dan lahan adalah terjadinya kebakaran atau dibakarnya hutan dan lahan sebelum hutan dan lahan tersebut digunakan. Hal ini menjadi penting mengingat salah satu syarat mewujudkan Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) sangat tergantung pada kondisi kebijakan, hukum dan institusi, yang semuanya itu tercakup dalam Good Forestry Governance. Penyebab utama manajemen hutan yang buruk adalah tidak berjalannya kebijakan, hukum dan kelembagaan. Lembaga kehutanan yang lemah tidak bisa menegakkan hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait kehutanan.

Urban-Water Harmony model to evaluate the urban water management

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1774-1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Ding ◽  
Deshan Tang ◽  
Yuhang Wei ◽  
Sun Yin
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management

Water resources in many urban areas are under enormous stress due to large-scale urban expansion and population explosion. The decision-makers are often faced with the dilemma of either maintaining high economic growth or protecting water resources and the environment. Simple criteria of water supply and drainage do not reflect the requirement of integrated urban water management. The Urban-Water Harmony (UWH) model is based on the concept of harmony and offers a more integrated approach to urban water management. This model calculates four dimensions, namely urban development, urban water services, water–society coordination, and water environment coordination. And the Analytic Hierarchy Process has been used to determine the indices weights. We applied the UWH model to Beijing, China for an 11-year assessment. Our findings show that, despite the severe stress inherent in rapid development and water shortage, the urban water relationship of Beijing is generally evolving in a positive way. The social–economic factors such as the water recycling technologies contribute a lot to this change. The UWH evaluation can provide a reasonable analysis approach to combine various urban and water indices to produce an integrated and comparable evaluation index. This, in turn, enables more effective water management in decision-making processes.

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