scholarly journals 757. Association between cumulative febrile, respiratory and diarrheal illness in the first year of life and neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes among a cohort of children in rural Guatemala

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S425-S426
Author(s):  
Daniel Olson ◽  
Molly Lamb ◽  
Amy Connery ◽  
Desiree Bauer ◽  
Alejandra Paniagua-Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Early Learning ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Surveillance Period ◽  
Final Study ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Height For Age

Abstract Background Recurrent infections are associated with neurodevelopmental (ND) delay in infants, but the primary drivers are poorly understood. Leveraging an infant cohort from rural Guatemala designed to evaluate the effects of post-natal Zika virus on ND (DMID 16-0057), we evaluated the association between cumulative illness and ND delay and stunting. Methods Infants enrolled at 0-3 months of age underwent weekly at-home surveillance for caregiver-reported syndromic illness, including cough, fever and vomiting/diarrhea for a 12-month period. Anthropometric assessments and ND testing by Guatemalan psychologists using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) were perforrmed at 12-15 months of age. Multivariable generalized linear regression models were used to test associations between syndromic illness in infancy, 12-15-month MSEL Early Learning Composite (ELC) Score, and stunting (height-for-age < -2 SD) at 12-15 months. Results The cohort (n=425) had a mean enrollment age of 1.3 months; 202 (48%) were female, 387 (91%) self-reported a literate mother, and 301 (71%) were breastfeeding at study completion. Infants had reported illness for a median of 16 weeks during the surveillance period; cough was reported most frequently (median=11 weeks, range=0-37 weeks). Lower maternal education (p=0.007) and literacy (p=0.002) as well as infant age (p=0.007) and male gender (p=0.004) were associated with MSEL ELC Score <85 (-1 SD). After adjusting for gender, breastfeeding, age, and maternal literacy, the cumulative number of weeks with reported cough (p=0.0009), fever (p=0.0001), or any syndromic illness (p=0.0007) were associated with decreased 12-month MSEL ECL Score; there was no association with diarrhea/vomiting (p=0.36). There was no association between caregiver-reported syndromic illnesses (any type) and stunting at final study visit. Conclusion In a cohort of Guatemalan infants, cumulative fever and cough episodes were significantly associated with lower MSEL ELC Score, whereas there was no association with diarrhea/vomiting. In this low-resource community, these findings highlight the potential negative ND consequences of febrile illness and persistent cough in the first year of life. NIAID Contract HHSN272201300015I Task Order HHSN27200013 (Co-PIs: FMM and EJA). Disclosures Molly Lamb, PhD, BioFire (Grant/Research Support) Evan J. Anderson, MD, Sanofi Pasteur (Scientific Research Study Investigator)

scholarly journals How many words are Australian children hearing in the first year of life?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E Brushe ◽  
John W. Lynch ◽  
Sheena Reilly ◽  
Edward Melhuish ◽  
Sally A. Brinkman
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
First Year ◽  
Verbal Interactions ◽  
Environment Analysis ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Education Group ◽  
Word Gap ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Education Groups ◽  
Conversational Turns

Abstract Background: There is evidence that parents from more socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds engage in fewer verbal interactions with their child than more advantaged parents. This leads to the so-called, ‘30 million-word gap’. We used improved technology to investigate the number of words children hear in their first year of life. Methods: Mothers were recruited into a five-year prospective cohort study and categorized into either high or low maternal education groups. Data was derived from the first two waves of the study, when the children were six and twelve months old. At both waves, children were involved in day-long audio recordings using the Language Environment Analysis software that provided automatic counts of adult words spoken to the child, child vocalizations and conversational turns. Descriptive results are presented by maternal education groups. Results: There was large variation within each maternal education group, with the number of adult words spoken to the child ranging from 2,958 to 39,583 at six months and 4,389 to 45,849 at twelve months. There were no meaningful differences between adult words, child vocalizations or conversational turns across maternal education groups at either wave of data collection. Conclusions: These results show that a word gap related to maternal education is not apparent up to twelve months of age. The large variability among both maternal education groups suggests that universal interventions that encourage all parents to talk more to their child may be more appropriate than interventions targeted towards disadvantaged families during the first year of life.

scholarly journals How many words are Australian children hearing in the first year of life?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E Brushe ◽  
John W. Lynch ◽  
Sheena Reilly ◽  
Edward Melhuish ◽  
Sally A. Brinkman
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
First Year ◽  
Verbal Interactions ◽  
Environment Analysis ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Education Group ◽  
Word Gap ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Education Groups ◽  
Conversational Turns

Abstract Background: There is evidence that parents from more socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds engage in fewer verbal interactions with their child than more advantaged parents. This leads to the so-called, ‘30 million-word gap’. Methods: We used improved technology to investigate the number of words children hear in their first year of life. Mothers were recruited into a five-year prospective cohort study and categorized into either high or low maternal education groups. Data was derived from the first two waves of the study, when the children were six and twelve months old. At both waves, children were involved in day-long audio recordings using the Language Environment Analysis software that provided automatic counts of adult words spoken to the child, child vocalizations and conversational turns. Descriptive results are presented by maternal education groups. Results: There was large variation within each maternal education group, with the number of adult words spoken to the child ranging from 2,958 to 39,583 at six months and 4,389 to 45,849 at twelve months. There were no meaningful differences between adult words, child vocalizations or conversational turns across maternal education groups at either wave of data collection. Conclusions: These results show that a word gap related to maternal education is not apparent up to twelve months of age. The large variability among both maternal education groups suggests that universal interventions that encourage all parents to talk more to their child may be more appropriate than interventions targeted towards disadvantaged families during the first year of life.

scholarly journals 1407. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the first year of life in a cohort of infants in rural Guatemala

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S711-S712
Author(s):  
Flor M Munoz ◽  
Molly Lamb ◽  
Jesse Waggoner ◽  
alejandra Paniagua-avila ◽  
Desiree Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Early Learning ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Culturally Adapted ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Background Little is known about the epidemiology of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in low resource countries. We evaluated the frequency and effects of post-natal CMV infection in infants from a prospective cohort study designed to assess the effects of post-natal Zika on neurodevelopment (ND) in rural Guatemala. Infants with CMV infection (blue bars) were older compared CMV-negative (red bars) infants. Methods Infants were evaluated for CMV infection by PCR using urine samples collected at 0-3 months of age. ND testing was conducted by local psychologists using a culturally adapted Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL). We explored associations between CMV infection and microcephaly, neurological, visual and hearing deficits, malnutrition and ND outcomes at 1 year of age. Results The infant cohort (N = 469) had a mean age at enrollment of 1.5 (SD 0.75) months; 47% were female and 71% were breastfeeding at 1 year. A total of 103 (22%) were CMV positive and the majority of these (97%) were > 4 weeks of age at testing. Infants > 4 weeks of age were more likely to be CMV positive (P < 0.0001) (Figure). Gender was not correlated with CMV positivity. Among children with head circumference (HC) measurements, microcephaly (HC < 2 SD) was present in 9/87 (10.3%) CMV positive and 35/338 (10.4%) CMV negative infants at 0-3 months of age (p =0.99). Among 438 infants who underwent screening for hearing deficits and a complete ophthalmologic evaluation, none of the CMV positive children had abnormal vision or hearing. Abnormal neurological exams in the first year of life occurred in 50/100 (50%) CMV positive and 166/365 (45.5%) CMV negative infants (p =0.56). There was no association between CMV infection at 0-3 months and MSEL overall or subdomain scores at 1 year (overall Relative risk (RR) 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.05, p=0.16). Malnutrition at 0-3 months (RR: 1.53, 95% CI 0.89-2.66, p = 0.13) and 1 year (RR: 1.10, 95% CI 0.77-1.58, p=0.59) was not associated with CMV infection at 0-3 months. Conclusion In a cohort of Guatemalan infants, postnatal CMV infection was common (22%) and more likely to occur after the neonatal period. There was no correlation between CMV infection and microcephaly at 0-3 months or at 1 year of age, nor with abnormal nutritional, neurologic, ophthalmologic, hearing or ND deficits at 1 year of age. This is the first epidemiologic report on CMV infection in early life in rural Guatemala. Disclosures Molly Lamb, PhD, BioFire (Grant/Research Support)

scholarly journals Allergic rhinitis and associated factors in schoolchildren from Bogota, Colombia

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
A. Penaranda ◽  
G. Aristizabal ◽  
E. Garcia ◽  
C. Vasquez ◽  
C.E. Rodriguez-Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
First Year ◽  
Current Asthma ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
At Home

Background: Allergic rhinitis is one of the most frequent chronic diseases among children. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of and the factors associated with self-reported allergic rhinitis symptoms in schoolchildren from Bogota, Colombia. Methodology/principal: We followed the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) methodology. Our sample included 3,256 children aged 6 - 7 and 3,830 adolescents aged 13 - 14 years. Results: The prevalence of self-reported allergic rhinitis symptoms was 30.8% among children and 36.6% among adolescents. Factors associated with self-reported allergic rhinitis among children included current asthma and atopic dermatitis symptoms; use of acetaminophen in the first year of life and in the last 12 months; antibiotic use in the first year of life; high- school and university maternal education; smokers at home; and caesarean delivery. Among adolescents, associated factors included current asthma and atopic dermatitis symptoms; current acetaminophen use once per month; frequent fast-food consumption; cat exposure at home; and smoking. Conclusion: Further exploration of factors associated with allergic rhinitis symptoms is needed.

scholarly journals The influence of the Municipal Human Development Index and maternal education on infant mortality: a parallel investigation in a retrospective cohort study in the extreme south of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Ribeiro Anele ◽  
Vânia Naomi Hirakata ◽  
Marcelo Zubaran Goldani ◽  
Clécio Homrich da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
First Year ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Background Infant mortality is considered an important and sensitive health indicator in several countries, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. Most of the factors influencing infant mortality are interrelated and are the result of social issues. Therefore, this study performed a parallel investigation of the influence of the MHDI on the macro-region of residence and maternal education on infant mortality in a capital in the extreme south of Brazil. Methods It is a retrospective cohort study with data on births and deaths in the first year of live for the period of 2000-2017. The association between the independent variables and the outcome was done by bivariate analysis through simple Poisson regression. The variables that can potentially be considered confusing were used in a multiple Poisson regression for robust variances - adjusted model. Results The study included 311361 children, of whom 2271 died. Maternal education, individually and jointly analyzed with the MHDI, showed association with the outcome of infant death in the first year of life, particularly for children of mothers with lower maternal education (p<0.001). In relation to other related factors, maternal age; number of Prenatal Care Consultations; gestational age, weight, gender and Apgar Index (5th minute) of the newborn showed association with IM (p<0.001). Conclusions Although the HDI is considered a good predictor of infant mortality by some authors, the analyses of the present study did not present an association between the MHDI and death in the first year of life after adjustments for the other variables. Unlike the MHDI, maternal education under eight years of study maintained an association with infant death, proving to be a social determinant with relevant impact on infant mortality. Thus, it is concluded that maternal education, individually, is higher than the MHDI to assess the outcome of infant mortality and is easily accessible information.

Low maternal education is associated with increased growth velocity in the first year of life and in early childhood: the ABCD study

2013 ◽  
Vol 172 (11) ◽  
pp. 1451-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit Van Den Berg ◽  
Manon Van Eijsden ◽  
Francisca Galindo-Garre ◽  
Tanja Vrijkotte ◽  
Reinoud Gemke
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Association between Gut Microbiota and Infant’s Temperament in the First Year of Life in a Chinese Birth Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Chen ◽  
Yun Yu ◽  
Yanqun Liu ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
First Year ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Microbiota Diversity ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Infant temperament characteristics play a critical role in children’s developmental pathways and can predict adulthood psychopathology. The diversity and composition of the gut microbiota are associated with human temperament in both adults and young children. However, the relationship between the gut microbiota and temperament in 12-month-old infants is rarely studied; this developmental period is when temperament reaches a relatively stable stage. We used high-throughput sequencing methods to explore whether temperament characteristics were associated with gut microbiota diversity and composition. Infants’ fecal samples were collected at 12 months of age for the gut microbiota analysis. Based on the primary caregivers’ reports, infants’ temperaments were measured using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-revised (IBQ-R). This study included 51 infants, including 20 boys and 31 girls, with a mean age of 12.25 months. Results showed that soothability was positively correlated with maternal education level (β = 0.29, p = 0.043, adjust p = 0.025) and the abundance of Bifidobacterium genera (β = 0.62, p = 0.004, adjust p = 0.002). Conversely, cuddliness was negatively correlated with the abundance of Hungatella genera. There was no significant difference in temperament based on gender. This study demonstrated that gut microbiota composition was associated with temperament in 12-month-old infants. These results point to the importance of gut microbiota balance. Future studies on the mechanisms behind the gut microbiota affecting temperament are warranted.

scholarly journals How many words are Australian children hearing in the first year of life?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E Brushe ◽  
John W. Lynch ◽  
Sheena Reilly ◽  
Edward Melhuish ◽  
Sally A. Brinkman
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
First Year ◽  
Verbal Interactions ◽  
Environment Analysis ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Education Group ◽  
Word Gap ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Education Groups ◽  
Conversational Turns

Abstract Background: There is evidence that parents from more socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds engage in fewer verbal interactions with their child than more advantaged parents. This leads to the so-called, ‘30 million-word gap’. We used improved technology to investigate the number of words children hear in their first year of life. Methods: Mothers were recruited into a five-year prospective cohort study and categorized into either high or low maternal education groups. Data was derived from the first two waves of the study, when the children were six and twelve months old. At both waves, children were involved in day-long audio recordings using the Language Environment Analysis software that provided automatic counts of adult words spoken to the child, child vocalizations and conversational turns. Descriptive results are presented by maternal education groups. Results: There was large variation within each maternal education group, with the number of adult words spoken to the child ranging from 2,958 to 39,583 at six months and 4,389 to 45,849 at twelve months. There were no meaningful differences between adult words, child vocalizations or conversational turns across maternal education groups at either wave of data collection. Conclusions: These results show that a word gap related to maternal education is not apparent up to twelve months of age. The large variability among both maternal education groups suggests that universal interventions that encourage all parents to talk more to their child may be more appropriate than interventions targeted towards disadvantaged families during the first year of life.

scholarly journals Dynamics of asymptomatic infections and symptomatic malaria show different temporal profiles among infants living in a high transmission area of Ghana

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akua Kyerewaa Botwe ◽  
Seth Owusu-Agyei ◽  
Muhammad Asghar ◽  
Ulf Hammar ◽  
Felix Boakye Oppong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Alternating Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Asymptomatic Group ◽  
Symptomatic Malaria ◽  
Transmission Area ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
Longitudinal Profiles ◽  
Microscopy Data ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Background Although infants are vulnerable to malaria, the characteristics of their patterns of infections are not well described. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal profiles of asymptomatic infections and symptomatic malaria in the first year of life. Methods A birth cohort in Kintampo, Ghana (N = 1855) was followed actively with monthly blood sampling and passively for any febrile illness between 2008 and 2011. Malaria parasites were detected by light microscopy and infants who were infected or uninfected were identified. Infections were classified as either symptomatic or asymptomatic using fever and temperature readings over twelve months of follow up. The longitudinal infection profiles in all infants were then compared. Results: Asymptomatic infections and symptomatic malaria were observed at all ages but were rare the first months of life and the proportion of symptomatic malaria increased after six months. Among 1264 infants having microscopy data for at least eight monthly visits, four patterns were observed: parasite negative at all visits (36%), always asymptomatic (7%), always symptomatic (35%) and alternating between asymptomatic infections and symptomatic malaria (22%). The cumulative incidence of infection was highest in the alternating group, and many different profiles (87 different combinations) of asymptomatic infections and symptomatic malaria were observed in this group . Parasite densities were significantly low for the always asymptomatic group and highest for always symptomatic group. Conclusion Infants in malaria endemic areas experience highly different infection profiles over the first year of life despite living in the same area. In-depth investigations of why some infants are parasite free and others have repeated symptomatic malaria or maintain asymptomatic infections or alternate between asymptomatic infections and symptomatic malaria can contribute to understanding malaria susceptibility during infancy.

scholarly journals Open-ended song learning in a hummingbird

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 20130625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Araya-Salas ◽  
Timothy Wright
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Early Learning ◽  
Song Learning ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
First Year ◽  
Song Type ◽  
Song Repertoire ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Song Types ◽  
Avian Group

Vocal learning in birds is typically restricted to a sensitive period early in life, with the few exceptions reported in songbirds and parrots. Here, we present evidence of open-ended vocal learning in a hummingbird, the third avian group with vocal learning. We studied vocalizations at four leks of the long-billed hermit Phaethornis longirostris during a four-year period. Individuals produce a single song repertoire, although several song-types can coexist at a single lek. We found that nine of 49 birds recorded on multiple days (18%) changed their song-type between consecutive recordings. Three of these birds replaced song-types twice. Moreover, the earliest estimated age when song replacement occurred ranged from 186 to 547 days (mean = 307 days) and all nine birds who replaced song-types produced a crystallized song before replacement. The findings indicate that song-type replacement is distinct from an initial early learning sensitive period. As half of lekking males do not survive past the first year of life in this species, song learning may well extend throughout the lifespan. This behaviour would be convergent to vocal learning programmes found in parrots and songbirds.

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