865. Social Media Secret Facebook Groups for HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Awareness among Female Sex Workers in Cameroon

Abstract Background About 25% of Cameroonian female sex workers (FSW) lived with HIV in 2018. PrEP was introduced in Cameroon in 2019, with minimal uptake as of 2021. The goal of this pilot project was to evaluate the potential of a novel social media intervention to raise Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness and complement HIV prevention strategies among FSW, a key risk population. Methods From October 2020 to April 2021, sixty adult HIV-negative FSW who owned a phone with internet access joined the study; 40 in the intervention arm and 20 in the control arm. The intervention had a Secret Facebook Group (SFG) platform for confidentiality. It included 12 videos on HIV prevention in the local dialect, released over 8 weeks. In-person surveys were administered before and after the intervention, and three months later. Likert scale was used to evaluate the main outcome: PrEP awareness. Data was analyzed using Stata IC/version 14.2. Results Demographic characteristics were similar between intervention and control groups for age (29 years, SD7.3), literacy (45% secondary school), parity (1.9, SD1.5), and years as sex worker (7.8, SD5.1). One FSW had heard about PrEP before the intervention. After a brief introduction, 39% (15/38) of FSW in the intervention group and 50% (10/20) in the control group strongly agreed to be interested in taking PrEP (p=0.2). Baseline PrEP knowledge was poor in the intervention group (15/40, 38%) and very poor in the control group (19/20,95%) (p=0.0001). In the second survey, the intervention and control groups’ PrEP knowledge improved (p=0.0001 and p=0.02, respectively). It was more significant in the intervention group, with all FSW reporting good level of knowledge (p=0.0001) (Figure 1). In addition, more FSW in the intervention group (67%,27/40) strongly agreed to be interested in taking PrEP (p=0.01), while numbers remained similar in the control group (55%, 11/20, p=0.8). Three months after the intervention, 31.5% (12/38) of participants reported excellent PrEP knowledge, a significant improvement since the second survey (p=0.02). Figure 1. Self-reported Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis knowledge before and after intervention in the intervention and control groups. Conclusion The use of a social media HIV prevention tool tailored to FSW in Cameroon improved PrEP awareness with good retention of knowledge. Cross contamination between groups might have hindered the differential impact of the brief intervention. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Effect of Beet Powder (Beta Vulgaris L) with Fe Supplementation on Increasing Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, and Erythrocyte Levels in Pregnant Women with Anemia

STRADA JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN ◽

10.30994/sjik.v9i2.354 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 893-899

Author(s):

Hilma Triana ◽

Suharyo Hadisaputro ◽

Masrifan Djamil

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Pregnant Mother ◽

Control Groups ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Design ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Test ◽

And Control

This research was Quasy Experiment with a pre-test-post-test with control group design. Sample this research was 30 pregnant women, that were divided into 2 groups : the intervention group who were given beet with Fe supplementation (n = 15) and the control group was given Fe tablets (n = 15). Supplementation of beetroot to a pregnant women with anemia who were recieived Fe supplementation could increase hemoglobin levels (p = 0,000), hematocrit levels (p = 0,000), number of erythrocytes (p = 0.001), so there were significant differences in mean delta hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, and erythrocyte counts. There were differences in hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels in the intervention and control groups before and after treatment. Supplementation of 8 gram beetroot powder for 14 days to pregnant mother with anemia who were receive Fe tablets could increase hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, and number of erythrocytes

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The Effect of Lymphoedema Exercises and Foot Elevation on the Quality of Life of Patients with Elephantiasis

Journal of Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/6309630 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Emirensiana Watu ◽

Supargiyono ◽

Haryani

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Control Groups ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Before And After ◽

And Control ◽

Pitting Edema

Filariasis is a chronic infectious disease caused by filarial worms. Swelling in the legs in patients with filariasis can result in a significantly lower quality of life. The recommended treatments for patients who experience swelling or lymphoedema are lymphoedema exercises and foot elevation. This research is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design including pre- and posttreatment tests with a control group. This study used a cluster sampling method, which is a nonprobability sampling technique. The samples in this study were 48 respondents divided into two groups: 24 respondents from the Nebe Village comprising the intervention group and 24 respondents from the Bangkoor Village comprising the control group. The intervention group conducted lymphoedema exercises and foot elevation three times a week for 15–20 min for 1 month and measured their quality of life using the LFSQQ questionnaire. Measurements of pitting edema and ankle diameter were also carried out. Paired t-test revealed an improvement in the quality of life between pretest and posttest in the intervention and control groups (p=0.001). The quality of life in the pre-post intervention group improved from 67.42 to 81.58. In addition, the quality of life in the pre-post control group only improved from 62.50 to 72.58. The level of pitting edema decreased from severe (+++) to moderate (++) and from mild (+) to normal (0), and there was no difference in ankle diameter in each group (p=1.000). The quality of life improved before and after the administration of lymphoedema exercises and foot elevation for each group. Pitting edema decreased before and after lymphoedema exercises and foot elevation for each group. There was no decrease in ankle diameter after lymphoedema exercises and foot elevation in the intervention and control groups.

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Improving nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and performance in relation to ethical codes through group reflection strategy

BMC Nursing ◽

10.1186/s12912-021-00749-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marzieh Momennasab ◽

Marjan Ghanbari ◽

Mozhgan Rivaz

Keyword(s):

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Ethical Codes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

And Performance ◽

And Control ◽

Nurses Knowledge

Abstract Background The most basic responsibility of nurses that even precedes their therapeutic role is respect for professional ethics in providing clinical care. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of group reflection on the knowledge, attitude and performance of nurses in relation to ethical codes. Methods The present blinded, before-after, educational trial was conducted on 86 nurses working at a general hospital in the south of Iran who were randomly divided into a intervention (n = 44) and a control (n = 42) group. Data were collected before and after the intervention using three tools, including a knowledge test, an attitude rating scale and a performance questionnaire. In the intervention group, the intervention given consisted of four sessions of group reflection, and the control group received a single lecture on ethical codes. Results The mean changes in the nurses’ score of knowledge after the intervention compared to before differed significantly in both intervention and control groups (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean changes in the score of knowledge (2.73 ± 3.45 in intervention group vs. 2.57 ± 3.36 in control group, P = 0.83). Although the mean score of attitude differed significantly between the intervention and control groups in the posttest (34.7 ± 8.44 in intervention group vs. 29.95 ± 9.09 in control group, P < 0.014), the two groups were not significantly different in terms of the mean changes in the score of attitude in relation to ethical codes before and after the intervention (P < 0.14). Moreover, the two groups were significantly different in terms of the mean changes in the scores of performance in the two stages (9.07 ± 16.84 in intervention group vs. 0.67 ± 20.01 in control group, P < 0.001). Conclusion Group reflection can improve the knowledge, attitude and performance of nurses in relation to ethical codes. Although lectures can help improve nurses’ knowledge and attitude in this area, they have no significant effects on their performance. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (No: IRCT2016070317546N6, registration date: 10 October 2016), https://www.irct.ir/trial/16112

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Effect of Pelvic Rocking Exercise Using the Birth Ball on Fetal Lie, Attitude, and Presentation

International Journal of Women s Health and Reproduction Sciences ◽

10.15296/ijwhr.2019.76 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 461-466

Author(s):

Supriatiningsih ◽

Herlina ◽

Lusia Asih Wulandari ◽

Sri Nowo Retno ◽

Mohammad Kanedi

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Control Groups ◽

Abdominal Palpation ◽

Before And After ◽

And Control ◽

Exercise During Pregnancy

Objectives: For decades, scholars have debated the benefits of exercise during pregnancy. Birthing ball exercise is the latest among the antenatal exercises which pregnant women commonly perform in Indonesia. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate whether pelvic rocking exercise using the birth ball is effective in correcting the fetal lie, presentation, and attitude in the late third trimester of pregnancy. Materials and Methods: To this end, pregnant women (n=114) enjoying the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into intervention (who were assigned to perform pelvic rocking using the birth ball) and control (without exercise) groups. Fetal lie, attitude, and presentation before and after the trials were determined in both groups by performing the abdominal palpation of Leopold’s maneuver. Results: Based on the results, the intervention group showed a higher proportion of fetus with flexed attitude (P<0.001) as compared to the control group. In addition, 49.1% of women in the intervention group indicated longitudinal lie compared to 29.8% of those in the control groups (P<0.001). Finally, 56 out of 57 women in the intervention group demonstrated head presentation whereas only 45 out of 57 women in the control group showed the same presentation (P<0.01). Conclusions: Overall, it is suggested that pelvic rocking exercises using the birth balls are useful for maintaining lies, fetal attitudes, and presentations and thus it is worth recommending for pregnant women.

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The Effect of Emotional Freedom Techniques Therapy towards Learning Concentration Level of Students

Indonesian Journal of Health Research ◽

10.32805/ijhr.2018.1.2.12 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 66-73

Author(s):

Ni Komang Matalia Gandari ◽

I Gusti Ngurah Arya Sentana

Keyword(s):

Concentration Level ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Individual Learning ◽

Control Group ◽

Background Concentration ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Emotional Freedom Techniques ◽

And Control

Background. Concentration can determine individual learning achievement. Concentration can be enhanced by implementing Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) therapy method, because EFT can increase the learning concentration by stimulating the limbic system. The study aimed at identifying the effect of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) Therapy on Student Learning Concentration. Methods. The research method used in this study was quasi experimental design with the untreated control group design with dependent pre-test and post-test samples. The number of samples in the study was 30 respondents, divided into intervention and control groups using non-probability sampling technique of purposive sampling. The intervention group was given EFT within 30 minutes, three times, and for two weeks. Before and after intervention, the level of learning concentration was measured by using a psychological scale. Data analysis used in this study was t-test. Results. The results showed that there was a significant differences between learning concentration level before and after being implemented EFT intervention (p<0.05) and there was a significant difference in the concentration of learning after being given the intervention between the experimental and control groups (p<0.05). Conclusion. It could be concluded that EFT can improve the concentration of individual learning especially adolescents. The use of EFT is supported by empirical evidence, using simple techniques, easy to be conducted by anyone, and gives no side effects.

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Effects of Time and Perceptual Orientation on Actors' and Observers' Attributions

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1984.58.1.23 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30

Author(s):

Donald S. Martin ◽

Ming-Shiunn Huang

Keyword(s):

Video Recording ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Video Recordings ◽

Before And After ◽

Perceptual Orientation ◽

Initial Difference ◽

Variety Show ◽

And Control ◽

Unrelated Variety

The actor/observer effect was examined by Storms in a 1973 study which manipulated perceptual orientation using video recordings. Storms' study was complex and some of his results equivocal. The present study attempted to recreate the perceptual reorientation effect using a simplified experimental design and an initial difference between actors and observers which was the reverse of the original effect. Female undergraduates performed a motor co-ordination task as actors while watched by observers. Each person made attributions for the actor's behaviour before and after watching a video recording of the performance. For a control group the video recording was of an unrelated variety show excerpt. Actors' initial attributions were less situational than observers'. Both actors and observers became more situational after the video replay but this effect occurred in both experimental and control groups. It was suggested the passage of time between first and second recording of attributions could account for the findings and care should be taken when interpreting Storms' (1973) study and others which did not adequately control for temporal effects.

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Toe Clearance Rehabilitative Slippers for Older Adults With Fall Risk: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation ◽

10.1177/21514593211029102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 215145932110291

Author(s):

Atsuko Satoh ◽

Yukoh Kudoh ◽

Sangun Lee ◽

Masumi Saitoh ◽

Miwa Miura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Fall Risk ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Berg Balance Scale ◽

Control Group ◽

Mobility Assessment ◽

Before And After ◽

Day Services ◽

And Control

Introduction: To evaluate fall-prevention rehabilitative slippers for use by self-caring, independent older adults. Materials and Methods: This assessor-blinded, randomized, and controlled 1-year study included 59 self-caring, independent participants (49 women) who attended day services. The mean age of participants was 84.0 ± 5.3 years. Participants were randomly selected from 8 nursing homes. We tested slippers top-weighted with a lead bead (200, 300, or 400 g). Intervention group participants walked while wearing the slippers for 10-20 min, 1-3 days/week at the day service center. Fall risk was measured using the Berg Balance Scale and the Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) before and at 3-month intervals after the intervention/control phase. Results: After 12 months, the intervention group demonstrated significant improvement. Berg Balance and POMA compared to the control group ( p < .05 p < .01, respectively). Mobility scores improved significantly for both measurements in the intervention group before and after ( p < .01), but the control group had significantly lower scores. Discussion: Overall, falls decreased in the intervention group from 10 to 7, and control group falls increased from 9 to 16 ( p = .02). No adverse events related to the intervention were reported. Conclusions: Rehabilitation training slippers may reduce falls in older adults.

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College Classroom Instructors Can Effectively Promote Standing among Students Provided with Standing Desks

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094464 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4464

Author(s):

Matthew S. Chrisman ◽

Robert Wright ◽

William Purdy

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Control Groups ◽

Student Preferences ◽

Standing Time ◽

Urban University ◽

Facilitators And Barriers ◽

And Control

Standing desks may reduce sedentary behaviors in college students. Students at one mid-size urban university in the Midwestern United States were randomized into intervention (n = 21) and control groups (n = 27) to assess standing time when given access to standing desks. The intervention group received visual and oral instructor prompts to stand, while the control received no prompts during a 50 min lecture. All students were provided with adjustable tabletop standing desks. ActivPAL accelerometers measured sitting and standing time. A brief survey assessed student preferences, including facilitators and barriers to standing. Mean standing time was greater in the intervention vs. control group (26 vs. 17 min, p = 0.023). Students tended to stand in the corners and edges of the room. Main facilitators for standing included to break up sitting, reduce back pain, and increase attention and focus; main barriers were not wanting to distract others or be the only one standing. In total, 87.5% of intervention group participants found five prompts to stand were adequate. Students increased standing time in class when provided with standing desks and instructor prompts to stand. Findings can inform the layout of classrooms and when and how to promote standing desks during lectures.

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The effectiveness of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) on depression of postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2020-0245 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Asieh Mehdipour ◽

Parvin Abedi ◽

Somayeh Ansari ◽

Maryam Dastoorpoor

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Moderate Depression ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

Abstract Objectives Postmenopausal women are at greater risk of depression. Depression may negatively affect the quality of life of women. An emotional freedom technique (EFT) is an evidence-based therapy combining cognitive and exposure components with acupressure. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of EFT on depression in postmenopausal women. Methods This was a randomized controlled trial in which 88 women with mild to moderate depression recruited from a menopausal clinic in Ahvaz, Iran, and randomly assigned into two groups of EFT (n=44) and control for sham therapy (n=44). Women in the EFT group received two sessions of training and asked to continue EFT for 8 weeks, one time per day. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI2) completed by women before and after the intervention. The control group received training on sham acupressure points similar to the intervention group. Data collected using a demographic and BDI2. Women requested to complete the BDI2 before and after the intervention. The independent t-test, chi-square, and ANCOVA were used to analyze data. Results The mean depression score in the intervention group reduced from 20.93 ± 4.6 to 10.96 ± 4.38 in comparison to the control group that reduced from 19.18 ± 2.79 to 17.01 ± 6.05 after intervention (p=0.001). After the 8 week intervention, the frequency of moderate depression decreased from 56.8 to 9.35% in the intervention and from 50 to 29.5% in the control group. In total, 63.4 and 34.15% in the intervention and control groups were free of depression respectively after the intervention (p<0.001). Conclusions The results of this study showed that using EFT for 8 weeks could significantly reduce the mean score of depression in postmenopausal women. Using this method in public health centers for postmenopausal women is recommended.

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Alleviating psychological distress associated with a positive cervical cancer screening result: a randomized control trial

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01207-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yukari Isaka ◽

Ai Hori ◽

Rie Tanaka ◽

Masao Ichikawa

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

And Control ◽

Screening Result

Abstract Background The method of communicating a positive cancer screening result should seek to alleviate psychological distress associated with a positive result. We evaluated whether the provision of information through a leaflet would help reduce psychological distress in a randomized controlled trial. Methods The participants were women aged 20–69 years who were about to undergo cervical cancer screening at health centers. Before the screening, they received hypothetical screening results, with a leaflet (intervention group, n = 493) or without it (control group, n = 479), randomly. Their psychological distress and intention to undergo further examination were then compared between the intervention and control groups. Results After the intervention (providing a leaflet with hypothetical screening results), psychological distress appeared to be higher in the control group than in the intervention group among those who received a hypothetical positive screening result (odds ratio: 2.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.87–3.54), while 95% and 97% of those in the intervention and control groups, respectively, reported that they would undergo further examination. Conclusions Information provision might help reduce psychological distress but not hinder further examination among women who screen positive for cervical cancer. Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000029894. Date of Registration: November 2017.

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