scholarly journals 482. SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence in Feces of Very Young Children, A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S342-S342
Author(s):  
Lydia M Nashed ◽  
Jyoti Mani ◽  
Sahel Hazrati ◽  
Tiana Richards ◽  
Naya Nerikar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Hispanic Ethnicity ◽  
Nucleocapsid Gene ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
First Case ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Infant Feces ◽  
Penalized Logistic Regression

Abstract Background Understanding the disease burden of SARS- CoV-2 in young children has been challenging as the majority are asymptomatic or experience mild symptoms and were rarely tested. SARS-CoV-2 is traditionally detected through respiratory secretions but has also been reported in feces where shedding may continue for weeks after respiratory samples show resolution. We examined the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in already collected fecal samples from young children through the pandemic as well as associated demographic factors. Methods As part of an ongoing longitudinal microbiome study in Northern Virginia, serial stools samples were collected from infants before and throughout the Covid-19 pandemic. Reverse transcription quantitative-PCR detecting SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid gene in the N1 and N2 regions was performed. Penalized logistic regression models were developed to evaluate the association between fecal positivity and potential risk factors. Results The overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in infant feces was 1.69 % (13 samples) with a prevalence at delivery, 2, 6, 12 and 24 months of 0, 0, 2.56, 1.96, and 0.85 % respectively. Fecal positivity was first detected 31 days before the reported first case of Covid-19 in Northern Virginia; prevalence rates peaked in September at 4.5% (Figure 1). Only one infant who tested positive was symptomatic with COVID-19 21 days before his stool was collected. Of the 13 positive samples, 8 reported Hispanic ethnicity and 7 reported an essential worker (Table 1). Penalized logistic regression model showed association between Hispanic ethnicity and testing positive (OR 5.04 (95% CI 1.7 – 15.0)) that remained after controlling for the presences of an essential worker (OR 4.7 (95% CI 1.6 – 14.0)). Conclusion Prevalence of SARS- CoV-2 in infant stool correlated with the prevalence of COVID-19 during the pandemic, with higher rates in those of Hispanic ethnicity corelating with regional trends. Fecal positivity in asymptomatic infants even before quarantine restrictions supports the early but silent transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This study likely underestimates true prevalence rates as stool samples were stored without viral preservative. There are many socioeconomic factors that predispose to disease while ethnicity may be a mediating or confounding factor Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Substantial prevalence of enteroparasites Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. in asymptomatic schoolchildren in Madrid, Spain, November 2017 to June 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Reh ◽  
Aly Salimo Muadica ◽  
Pamela Carolina Köster ◽  
Sooria Balasegaram ◽  
Neville Q Verlander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Individual

Background Protozoan enteroparasites Cryptosporidium species and Giardia duodenalis are major contributors to the burden of gastrointestinal illness in children globally, whereas the stramenopile Blastocystis species has been associated with irritable bowel syndrome and skin disorders. Aim To investigate the carriage of these parasites in voluntary asymptomatic schoolchildren (4‒14 years) in 12 different primary and secondary schools in Leganés (Madrid, Spain). Methods In a prospective cross-sectional study, stool samples and epidemiological questionnaires on demographics and potential risk factors were collected from participating schoolchildren. Detection of enteric parasites was conducted by PCR-based methods and confirmed by sequence analysis. We calculated prevalence and odds ratios (OR) with logistic regression. Results Stool samples and questionnaires were provided by 1,359 schoolchildren from 12 schools. The individual prevalence for any parasite was 28%; Blastocystis sp.: 13%; G. duodenalis: 18%; Cryptosporidium spp.: 1%. Two schoolchildren were infected with all three species and 53 with two species. Multivariable risk factor analysis using logistic regression models indicated that an existing infection with one parasite increased the odds for an additional infection with another parasite. The odds of Blastocystis sp. carriage increased up to the age of 10 years and being female increased the odds of Cryptosporidium spp. infection. Washing vegetables before preparing a meal was protective for Blastocystis sp. infection. Conclusion We detected a larger than expected proportion of asymptomatic cases in the participanting schoolchildren. Further investigation of asymptomatic children should be considered. Good hygiene measures should be encouraged for individuals of all ages to protect from protozoal infections.

scholarly journals Evaluating penalized logistic regression models to predict Heat-Related Electric grid stress days

2017 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 1408-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Bramer ◽  
J. Rounds ◽  
C.D. Burleyson ◽  
D. Fortin ◽  
J. Hathaway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Electric Grid ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Penalized Logistic Regression

scholarly journals Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Acute Respiratory Infections among Under-Five Children in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yassin Nshimiyimana ◽  
Yingchun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Globally, 7.4 million young children are being killed from infectious and treatable diseases, and Saharan Africa accounts for 90% of deaths. In Uganda, Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) remain the leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality among under-five children. The study aims to identify and analyze contributing potential risk factors of childhood ARIs disease among under-five children in Uganda.Methods: A case-control study was conducted using data for 13,493 sampled under-five children retrieved from a recent 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey. We compared two supervised tree-like structure machine learning algorithms and two logistic regression methods in terms of classification performances in predicting ARIs disease outcomes and analysing various child and parental socio-demographic, behavioural, and environmental characteristics.Results: The study results revealed that the ARIs prevalence among under-five children accounted 40.3% cases. The Logistic regression findings showed that the risk of developing childhood ARIs disease declined with increase in child's age where the risk of having ARIs was higher in children in one year of birth (AOR=1.27; p < 0:001) and lower in children aged four years old (AOR=0.69; p < 0:001) compared to the infants. Other factors such as the age of mother where children born from teen mothers (15-19 years) were high likely (AOR=1.28; p < 0:001) to have ARIs illness compared to those whose mothers were in the middle age groups, and children whose mothers breastfed showed a lower risk of ARIs disease (AOR=0.83; p < 0:001) compared to those who not breastfed. In the dry season, children were more likely to develop ARIs disease (AOR=1.34; p < 0:001) compared to the wet season, and factors such as the region of residences like central region, mother employment, and domestic cooking energy like wood were also potential risk factors of ARIs disease among under-five children in Uganda. In addition, three methods such as Decision Tree (Accuracy = 61.2%; AUC=0.610), Elastic Net Logistic Regression (Accuracy=61.7%; AUC=0.627), and Binary Logistic Regression (Accuracy=62.1%; AUC=0.638) showed approximately similar performances in predicting and classifying ARIs disease outcomes. However, the Random Forest (Accuracy=88.7%; AUC=0.951) showed superior difference in performance comparatively.Conclusion: Government and healthcare stakeholders need to make effective programs to improve public health policy against childhood infectious diseases by targeting the proper provision of maternal and child health-related education to household heads and mothers to adopt and prioritize breastfeeding practices, childcare, and ensure proper dwelling places for families and young children particularly in crowded regions and geographic places where ARIs prevalence is high.

scholarly journals Gender-specific prevalence and influencing factors of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Chinese rural population: the Henan Rural Cohort Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e028593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dou Qiao ◽  
Xiaotian Liu ◽  
Runqi Tu ◽  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Xinling Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Prevalence Of Osteoporosis

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to describe distributions of the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis and identify the potential risk factors by gender in a Chinese rural population.DesignA cross-sectional survey.Setting and participantsA total of 8475 participants (18–79 years) were obtained from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the calcaneus for each individual was measured by ultrasonic bone density apparatus. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of potential risk factors with prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of prevalence of osteoporosis which included eight studies was conducted to confirm this study results.ResultsThe mean of BMD were 0.42 and 0.32 g/cm2for men with osteopenia and osteoporosis (p<0.001), as well as 0.40 and 0.30 g/cm2(p<0.001) for women with osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively. The overall age-standardised prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis were 42.09% and 11.76% in all participants. The age-standardised prevalence of osteopenia in men (45.98%) was significantly higher than that in women (39.73%), whereas the age-standardised prevalence of osteoporosis in men (7.82%) was lower than that in women (14.38%). Meta-analysis results displayed pooled prevalence of osteoporosis of 18.0% (10.1%–25.8%) in total sample, 7.7% (5.7%–9.7%) in men and 22.4% (17.1%–27.6%) in women. Multivariable logistic regression models showed that ageing, women, low education level or income, drinking or underweight was related to increased risk for osteopenia or osteoporosis.ConclusionsAbout one-sixth of the participants suffered osteoporosis in rural China, and the prevalence in women was higher than men. Although the results were lower than that of meta-analysis, osteoporosis still accounts for huge burden of disease in rural population due to limited medical service and lack of health risk awareness rather than urban area.Trial registration numberChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-OOC-15006699; Pre-results).

The impact of SPY angiography on intraoperative decision making and outcomes for post-mastectomy reconstruction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Skin Necrosis ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Flap Necrosis ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Impact

Objective: While the use of intraoperative laser angiography (SPY) is increasing in mastectomy patients, its impact in the operating room to change the type of reconstruction performed has not been well described. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether SPY angiography influences post-mastectomy reconstruction decisions and outcomes. Methods and materials: A retrospective analysis of mastectomy patients with reconstruction at a single institution was performed from 2015-2017.All patients underwent intraoperative SPY after mastectomy but prior to reconstruction. SPY results were defined as ‘good’, ‘questionable’, ‘bad’, or ‘had skin excised’. Complications within 60 days of surgery were compared between those whose SPY results did not change the type of reconstruction done versus those who did. Preoperative and intraoperative variables were entered into multivariable logistic regression models if significant at the univariate level. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: 267 mastectomies were identified, 42 underwent a change in the type of planned reconstruction due to intraoperative SPY results. Of the 42 breasts that underwent a change in reconstruction, 6 had a ‘good’ SPY result, 10 ‘questionable’, 25 ‘bad’, and 2 ‘had areas excised’ (p<0.01). After multivariable analysis, predictors of skin necrosis included patients with ‘questionable’ SPY results (p<0.01, OR: 8.1, 95%CI: 2.06 – 32.2) and smokers (p<0.01, OR:5.7, 95%CI: 1.5 – 21.2). Predictors of any complication included a change in reconstruction (p<0.05, OR:4.5, 95%CI: 1.4-14.9) and ‘questionable’ SPY result (p<0.01, OR: 4.4, 95%CI: 1.6-14.9). Conclusion: SPY angiography results strongly influence intraoperative surgical decisions regarding the type of reconstruction performed. Patients most at risk for flap necrosis and complication post-mastectomy are those with questionable SPY results.

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