Our Big Hearts

2020 ◽  
pp. 150-174
Author(s):  
Iris Berent
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
The Body ◽  
Affective Science ◽  
Innate Ideas ◽  
The Face

Can you tell what a stranger feels just by looking at their face? Could you distinguish fear from anger even in a person from an entirely unfamiliar culture (without having the opportunity to learn about it from experience)? Laypeople assume they can, because they believe that emotions are inborn, and they are universally imprinted on the body, both externally, on the face, and internally (I sense anxiety in the rumbling of my gut). In fact, people believe that emotions are innate precisely because they believe that emotions are “in the body.” So strong is their conviction that they will insist on their belief even when told that the emotions in question are in fact acquired. Our tendency to view “warm” feelings as embodied and innate is the exact mirror image of our tendency to view “cold” concepts as ephemeral and disembodied. A review of the scientific literature reveals that similar presumptions also plague the debate on universal emotions in affective science. Chapter 10 shows how Essentialism (a principle invoked to explain our aversion to innate ideas) also promotes the promiscuous presumption of innate emotions by laypeople and scientists alike.

scholarly journals Ser persona en la sociedad del conocimiento y el espectáculo: Aprendiendo a vivir, pensar y comunicar más allá de los espejos

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 159-176
Author(s):  
Martín Caeiro Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Society Of The Spectacle ◽  
Sociedad Del Conocimiento ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Universe

La Sociedad del Conocimiento propone un modelo cognitivo que procura referencias estables de la naturaleza, el ser humano y el universo, mientras que si pensamos en la Sociedad del Espectáculo hay un modelo que procura que como espectadores no nos establezcamos en ninguna imagen ofreciéndonos referentes temporales, identidades efímeras que la industria, la moda, la publicidad y el aburrimiento nos hacen desear constantemente. En este hábitat cultural, mediático y contradictorio intentamos comunicarnos, pero ¿cómo encontrar lo que puede definirnos en medio de tanta información? ¿cómo alcanzar una imagen especular en un mundo metamórfico?, y, en consecuencia: ¿cómo ser personas? En esta situación, como veremos en este artículo, el rostro y el cuerpo se significan en un mismo territorio de relación y aparecen la disipación, la monstruosidad, la desconexión, la descomunicación y la práctica de la borrosidad como estrategias de construcción de identidad, pasando de la representación a la cognición. Al final de este recorrido se proponen seis ideas y soluciones a la construcción de la identidad desde la perspectiva del educador artístico, enlazando en las propuestas conocimiento, entretenimiento y comunicación. The Knowledge Society proposes a cognitive model that seeks stable references of nature, the human being and the universe, whereas if we think about the Society of The Spectacle, there is a model that tries that as spectators we do not establish ourselves in any image offering us temporary referents, ephemeral identities that fashion, advertising and boredom make us wish constantly. In this cultural, mediatic and contradictory habitat, we try to communicate, but how do we find what can define us in the midst of so much information? How to achieve a mirror image in a metamorphic world? and, consequently: how to be a person? As we will see in this article, the face and the body are signified in the same territory of relation, and they appear the dissipation, the monstrosity, the disconnection, the discommunication and the practice of the blur as strategies of identity construction. At the end of our research we will propose six ideas and solutions for the problem of linking knowledge, entertainment and communication.

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

Reflecting on Your Reflection: Examining the Effect of a Non-Reversing Mirror on Self Perception

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell S Frautschi ◽  
Lynn M Orfahli ◽  
James E Zins
Keyword(s):  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The Face ◽  
Physician Patient

Abstract Background Photographic images can clash markedly with patients’ self-perception. Individuals are more familiar with their mirror image, where their facial asymmetries are reversed. A non-reversing mirror (NRM) allows patients to see their dynamic non-reversed image and familiarize themselves with how they appear in photographs and to others. Objectives We aim to explore the effect that a non-reversing mirror has on facial self-perception and if it changes an individuals goals when considering cosmetic surgery. Methods Individuals (n=30) filled out portions of the FACE-Q™ after inspecting their reflections in a non-reversing mirror and in a standard mirror for 30 seconds each. Following both, investigators asked qualitative questions comparing the two mirrors. Wilcoxon signed-rank, Mann Whitney U, and Pearson’s Chi-squared tests were performed for analysis. Results Participants scored significantly better on the FACE-Q™ Age Appraisal and Appearance-Related Psychosocial Distress when using a standard mirror vs. NRM (p=0.007 and 0.001, respectively). Qualitatively, most reported that their faces seemed less symmetric and less balanced (73% and 53%, respectively) in the NRM. Overall, 83.3% reported seeing a qualitative difference in their appearance, with 30% endorsing that looking in the NRM had changed their facial aesthetic goals. Conclusions A NRM can bridge between the familiarity of the patient’s reversed reflection and their less-familiar, non-reversed true image. It may serve as a useful physician-patient communication tool when discussing goals and expectations for facial aesthetic procedures.

Circadian tuning of motivation. A little organ of yesterday?

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Daan
Keyword(s):  
Internal State ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Clocks ◽  
Motivational Systems ◽  
Regulatory Principle ◽  
The Face ◽  
Temporal Organisation ◽  
The Ideal

The analysis of motivational systems underlying temporal organisation in animal behaviour has relied primarily on two conceptual functional frameworks: Homeostasis and biological clocks. Homeostasis is one of the most general and influential concepts in physiology. Walter Cannon introduced homeostasis as a universal regulatory principle which animals employ to maintain constancy of their ‘internal milieu’ in the face of challenges and perturbations from the external environment. Cannon spoke of “The Wisdom of the Body”, the collective of responses designed to defend the ideal internal state against those perturbations.

Associated change in plantar temperature and sweating after transthoracic endoscopic T2–3 sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Jung Chen ◽  
Cheng-Loong Liang ◽  
Kang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Palmar Hyperhidrosis ◽  
Compensatory Sweating ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Postoperative Changes ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Transthoracic endoscopic T2–3 sympathectomy is currently the treatment of choice for palmar hyperhidrosis. Compensatory sweating of the face, trunk, thigh, and sole of the foot was found in more than 50% of patients who underwent this procedure. The authors conducted this study to investigate the associated intraoperative changes in plantar skin temperature and postoperative plantar sweating. Methods. One hundred patients with palmar hyperhidrosis underwent bilateral transthoracic endoscopic T2–3 sympathectomy. There were 60 female and 40 male patients who ranged in age from 13 to 40 years (mean age 21.6 years). Characteristics studied included changes in palmar and plantar skin temperature measured intraoperatively, as well as pre- and postoperative changes in plantar sweating and sympathetic skin responses (SSRs). In 59 patients (59%) elevation of plantar temperature was demonstrated at the end of the surgical procedure. In this group, plantar sweating was found to be exacerbated in three patients (5%); plantar sweating was improved in 52 patients (88.1%); and no change was demonstrated in four patients (6.8%). In the other group of patients in whom no temperature change occurred, increased plantar sweating was demonstrated in three patients (7.3%); plantar sweating was improved in 20 patients (48.8%); and no change was shown in 18 patients (43.9%). The difference between temperature and sweating change was significant (p = 0.001). Compared with the presympathectomy rate, the rate of absent SSR also significantly increased after sympathectomy: from 20 to 76% after electrical stimulation and 36 to 64% after deep inspiration stimulation, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions. In contrast to compensatory sweating in other parts of the body after T2–3 sympathetomy, improvement in plantar sweating was shown in 72% and worsened symptoms in 6% of patients. The intraoperative plantar skin temperature change and perioperative SSR demonstrated a correlation between these changes.

Multivariate Analysis in Genetic Studies

1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Susanne
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biometrical Analysis ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Generalized Distances ◽  
Sib Pairs

SummaryThe results are presented of a method of generalized distances calculated by a noncentral χ2 test and applied to compare 63 twin pairs and 196 sib pairs. The advantage of this method in biometrical analysis lies in the fact that several measurements can be utilised simultaneously. Besides, it takes into account the distance of each relative to the centre of the population and also has the advantage of permitting the comparison of distances between pairs of relatives whatever their age or sex.Generalized distances were calculated for four measurements of the head, five of the body and eleven of the face. For all three sets of measurements the influence of genetical factors was demonstrated. The body seems less influenced by environmental factors and more conditioned by genetic ones.

MINIMAL KNOTTING NUMBERS

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (08) ◽  
pp. 1159-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
CASEY MANN ◽  
JENNIFER MCLOUD-MANN ◽  
RAMONA RANALLI ◽  
NATHAN SMITH ◽  
BENJAMIN MCCARTY
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Computer Algorithm ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Body Centered Cubic ◽  
Cubic Lattice ◽  
The Face ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Body Centered Cubic Lattice

This article concerns the minimal knotting number for several types of lattices, including the face-centered cubic lattice (fcc), two variations of the body-centered cubic lattice (bcc-14 and bcc-8), and simple-hexagonal lattices (sh). We find, through the use of a computer algorithm, that the minimal knotting number in sh is 20, in fcc is 15, in bcc-14 is 13, and bcc-8 is 18.

Poisson's Ratio for Central-Force Polycrystals

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1539-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Ledbetter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Energy ◽  
Poisson Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Force ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Polycrystalline Aggregate ◽  
Body Centered Cubic ◽  
The Face ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Face Centered

Abstract The Poisson ratio υ of a polycrystalline aggregate was calculated for both the face-centered cubic and the body-centered cubic cases. A general two-body central-force interatomatic potential was used. Deviations of υ from 0.25 were verified. A lower value of υ is predicted for the f.c.c. case than for the b.c.c. case. Observed values of υ for twenty-three cubic elements are discussed in terms of the predicted values. Effects of including volume-dependent electron-energy terms in the inter-atomic potential are discussed.

scholarly journals The Limits of Constructivism: Can Rawls Condemn Female Genital Mutilation?

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Koppelman
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls ◽  
The Body ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
The Face ◽  
Acceptable Theory ◽  
Female Genital

AbstractConstructivist political theory, championed most prominently by John Rawls, builds up a conception of justice from the minimal requirements of political life. It has two powerful attractions. It promises a kind of civic unity in the face of irresolvable differences about the good life. It also offers a foundation for human rights that is secure in the face of those same differences. The very parsimony that is its strength, however, deprives it of the resources to condemn some atrocities. Because it focuses on the political aspect of persons, it has difficulty cognizing violence done to those aspects of the person that are not political, preeminently the body. Constructivism thus can be only a part of an acceptable theory of justice.

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