Preparing for the Future

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-59
Author(s):  
Andrea Kölbel
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Educational Expansion ◽  
Life Paths ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Younger Generation

Chapter Two situates the lives of Nepalis born in the 1980s within the history of the modern Nepali state and its ties to regional and global developments. Drawing on existing literature, it is argued that Nepal’s educated younger generation was seen to be particularly well prepared to take advantage of a range of new opportunities associated with educational expansion, a changing labour market, and international migration. Yet, these large-scale structural changes also caused much uncertainty, since long-established life paths were increasingly obscured. Educated young Nepalis, therefore, often struggled to reconcile pervasive discourses about a better future with the realities of their present-day lives in Kathmandu. The analysis presented in this chapter makes evident that the relevant debate about young people’s agency continues to revolve around dualistic categorizations, not least because it remains focused on specific subgroups of youth.

Review and Brief History of Collaborative Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 139-160
Author(s):  
Nuria Lloret Romero
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Collaborative Systems ◽  
Collaborative Computing ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
The Future ◽  
Collaborative Applications ◽  
History Of

E-collaboration and collaborative systems bring geographically dispersed teams together, supporting communication, coordination and cooperation. From the scientific perspective, the development of theories and mechanisms to enable building collaborative systems presents exciting research challenges across information subfields. From the applications perspective, the capability to collaborate with users and other systems is essential if large-scale information systems of the future are to assist users in finding the information they need and solving the problems they have. This chapter presents a review of research in the area of creating collaborative applications and taxonomies. The author analyzes previous literature, and examines some practice cases and research prototypes in the domain of collaborative computing. Finally the chapter provides a list of basic collaboration services, and tools are presented relating to the services they provide. All surveyed tools are then classified under categories of functional services. In conclusion, the chapter highlights a number of areas for consideration and improvement that arise when studying collaborative applications.

scholarly journals Evaluating the efficiency of large scale transit infrastructure planning in Toronto Ontario: issues of governance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Enzo Testaguzza
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Infrastructure Planning ◽  
Original Plan ◽  
Infrastructure Provision ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

This report analyzes the governance of large scale public transit infrastructure planning in the GTA. To accomplish this goal a comparative case study was carried out of the two most recent large scale public transit infrastructure provision plans in Toronto, the Network 2011 plan, and following iterations; and the Transit City aspects of the Big Move plan and subsequent iterations. Each case study consists of (1) a review of the history of each plan and (2) a review of the efficiency of the many iterations of the original plan within each case study. Through analysis of this data several characteristics of governance were associated with movement towards better and worse iterations from an efficiency perspective. These characteristics were used to inform recommendations regarding the future of transportation governance in the GTA.

scholarly journals 1953 Amnesty According to GULAG Statistics: Its Structure and Dynamics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Evgenevna Vorobeva
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Scale Problem ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Camp System

The article studies the dynamics of 1953 amnesty and analyzes its structural characteristics. The 1953 amnesty was the largest in the entire history of the Soviet penitentiary system. Therefore, it is of particular interest to know the stages of the prisoners’ release process and the way such a large-scale problem could be solved. The author focuses on the structure of prisoners to be released as well as the structural changes of prisoners caused by the amnesty and their impact on the system as a whole. Despite a large number of domestic and foreign studies addressing the GULAG, the process of amnesty implementation has not been studied as it is yet. The author traces the implementation of the USSR Supreme Soviet Presidium Decree dated 03.27.1953 "On amnesty." The methodological basis for the study is statistical analysis of data on the implementation of the release plan. The result of the study is the conclusion that the 1953 amnesty was a turning point in the functioning of the USSR camp system. However, its process was uneven and accompanied by a number of difficulties caused by the need to carry out serious control and accounting work and involve additional sources to make decisions on the release of individual prisoners.

scholarly journals Epidemie w dziejach Wadowic w okresie przedrozbiorowym – studium przypadku miasta małopolskiego

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-209
Author(s):  
Tomasz Graff
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Pastor ◽  
Or Fires ◽  
The Town ◽  
Xviith Century

Epidemics in the history of Wadowice in the pre-partition period. A study of a town in Małopolska This article aims to analyze the traces of the pestilence in Wadowice in Małopolska up to 1772, when the town became part of the Austrian partition. Hitherto this topic has only been mentioned in the literature. Thanks to a use of sources from the period, and, above all, archives in, for example, the Archiwum Parafialnym Bazyliki Ofiarowania Najświętszej Marii Panny w Wadowicach and in the Archiwum Kurii Metropolitalnej w Krakowie, the author has discovered traces of the appearance of large-scale epidemics in Wadowice in 1585, 1601, 1652–1653, and probably in 1737, 1752, and 1758. In the Wadowice records of deaths (Liber Mortuorum), it has been possible to identify entries that would indicate the appearance of at least local epidemics in the period 1730–1772. In addition, a hitherto unknown note by the local pastor from 1756 has been found, which provides information about epidemics in the town in the XVIIth century and of their avoidance at the time of pestilence raging over large areas of the Polish Commonwealth and beyond its borders between 1708 and 1709. This source, published as an annex to the article, also shows the approaches of the inhabitants of Wadowice to the plague, which were typical of the period, and included: dedicating the town to the Mother of God, and the conviction that the misfortunes falling on the town, such as epidemics or fires, were a punishment for sins. The article ends with a recommendation in the future to carry out comparative research that makes it possible to compare the results from Wadowice with those from other towns in the western part of Małopolska.

Settling for dams?: planning for sustainable Indigenous livelihoods within large-scale irrigated agricultural development in north Queensland, Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Barber
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Development Zone ◽  
Irrigation Development ◽  
Regional Coordination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Outcomes

Large-scale irrigated production of food, fuel and fibre has received new impetus from rising population and consumption levels and from structural changes in agribusiness, notably financialisation and vertical and horizontal consolidation. In Australia, these trends have provided new justifications for pre-existing economic and nationalist aspirations for water and irrigated agricultural development in the pastoral-dominated tropical north. Indigenous Australians have the longest history of past attachment to northern land and waterscapes, the highest degree of current socioeconomic marginalisation, and the strongest focus on the intergenerational equity and sustainability of development. This qualitative study undertaken with senior Indigenous custodians in two North Queensland catchments identified that major irrigation development posed significant risks, but may also contribute to diversified local Indigenous livelihoods. In particular, well structured development may enable the employment-related resettlement of depopulated traditional lands in the upper catchments, inverting the more commonly reported relationship between dam development and local residence. Yet the catchment-scale impacts from such development means that any complementarity between local Indigenous and developer aspirations in the immediate development zone does not necessarily entail complementarity with downstream Indigenous livelihood needs and aspirations. Regional coordination of Indigenous livelihood plans is required to establish effective baselines for negotiating sustainable development outcomes.

scholarly journals N. E. Soum – the First Head of the Museum Department of the Institute of Out-of-School Education in Petrograd

2020 ◽  
pp. 1228-1240
Author(s):  
Vitaly G. Ananiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
School Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
Out Of School

The revolutions of 1917 prompted a large-scale reorganization of almost all aspects of life in Russia. An important actor in its implementation was intelligentsia. Studying the biographies of the participants in that processes is important for two reasons. Firstly, it allows us to fill the gaps in the history of certain phenomena (i.e., the history of museum education in Russia). Secondly, it’s important from the point of view of prosopography, as biographies help a better understanding of certain historical types. That is important in the context of the anthropological approach to the study of revolutionary events. The object of this article is the biography of one of the personalities of the first post-revolutionary years, Nikolai Emmanuilovich Soum (1879–1926). Studying chemistry at St. Petersburg University in the 1890s–1900s, Soum to a great extent followed the path laid by his father's professional activities. However, he didn’t succeed in accomplishing his studies, perhaps on the account of his father’s death and failed family finances. In the 1910s, when working as a chemist, he joined in the activities of scientific and educational societies. The enlightenment pathos and practical application of science (his interest in photography) prepared the changes, which took place immediately after the revolution. Since 1918 Soum served in the Petrograd gubernia department of public education, and from 1919 headed the Museum department of the Petrograd Institute of Out-of-School Education. One of his first projects was system of training of museum workers, one of the first in Russia. Structural changes and unfavorable political conditions hindered the implementation of the initiative. Soum, same as earlier in the pre-revolutionary period, was pushed to the periphery of cultural life.

scholarly journals Evaluating the efficiency of large scale transit infrastructure planning in Toronto Ontario: issues of governance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Enzo Testaguzza
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Infrastructure Planning ◽  
Original Plan ◽  
Infrastructure Provision ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

This report analyzes the governance of large scale public transit infrastructure planning in the GTA. To accomplish this goal a comparative case study was carried out of the two most recent large scale public transit infrastructure provision plans in Toronto, the Network 2011 plan, and following iterations; and the Transit City aspects of the Big Move plan and subsequent iterations. Each case study consists of (1) a review of the history of each plan and (2) a review of the efficiency of the many iterations of the original plan within each case study. Through analysis of this data several characteristics of governance were associated with movement towards better and worse iterations from an efficiency perspective. These characteristics were used to inform recommendations regarding the future of transportation governance in the GTA.

scholarly journals The Younger Generation Is A Force For The Future Of Our National Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (11) ◽  
pp. 568-574
Author(s):  
Dilorom Murotova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Younger Generation

The article focuses on the issue of upbringing of young people at a time when “struggles” of various forms and content have a negative impact on their minds, and the functionality of upbringing is studied in relation to the childhood history of mankind. The researcher conducted an empirical study on the topic and made a comparative analysis of it. Citing a comparative interpretation of parents ’attitudes toward parenting methods, several reasons for this improvement are outlined.

Modernization through capitalization: The hidden costs of Ethiopia’s Gibe III Dam and NESTown initiative

2021 ◽  
pp. 194277862199911
Author(s):  
Stefan Peter Norgaard
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Building ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hydroelectric Projects ◽  
Speculative Mechanism

Building on recent work by Timothy Mitchell, this article interrogates the concept of capitalization, understood here specifically as models of extracting or capturing streams of future revenue for the present. In the context of urbanizing Ethiopia, national political and business leaders, international-development actors, and academics leverage agrarian–industrial transformations to persuade and justify monetizing the future through capitalization. I argue that far from a speculative mechanism to gain competitive advantage and accrue more investments later, Ethiopian development projects reveal how capitalization has a very physical and tangible footprint, serving to commodify the future, now. Ethiopian capitalization requires deep political and juridical continuities, revealed in institutional and developmental through lines from the country’s Derg regime to present governance by the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). Drawing on historical and contemporary archival analysis, I conceptually interrogate the process and effects of capitalization in Ethiopia first theoretically, and then through two spatially distinct cases of agrarian–industrial transformation in Ethiopia—the Gibe III Dam and the ongoing transformation of the New Ethiopian Sustainable Town (NESTown) initiative by private developers and government actors. Gibe III echoes past large-scale hydroelectric projects and NESTown echoes a history of villagization, “planned cities,” and high-modernist state-building. The cases show how historical and contemporary visions for “development” in Ethiopia steer toward models of greater capitalization, with outcomes that destroy ecosystems and livelihoods. These findings reveal capitalization’s presence and footprints, and suggest more radical institutional arrangements that do not force Ethiopia to financialize its future.

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