Differently Differentiating Gender

Agents of God ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 61-89
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Guhin
Keyword(s):  
Christian Schools ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Double Function ◽  
History Of ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Interpretive Flexibility

Both the Christian and Muslim schools emphasize their boundary from the outside world through their performance of gender. For the Muslim schools, the difference was rooted in actual physical activity, especially how males and females separated from each other, while for the Christian schools, the difference was rooted primarily in what people—especially women—said about their actions. Evangelicals’ history of proclamation means their boundaries take on a different character, formed by opposition to ideas as itself a key practice, over and above the more explicitly bodily practices of gender and sexuality. In contrast, there is more interpretive flexibility for Muslims about gender-related practices. The hijab and gender separation can serve an important double function: they can simultaneously allow patriarchs to believe they are maintaining male dominance while allowing others to believe Muslim women are maintaining these practices for entirely different reasons.

Women, Violence, and Gender Dynamics during and after the Five Patani-Siam Wars, 1785–1838

Itinerario ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Francis R. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Women And Gender ◽  
Gender Dynamics ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Women Violence

Abstract This article examines five wars that occurred on the Malay-Thai Peninsula in the period 1785–1838 and the deep impact they had upon women's lives during and after the conflicts. Constituting the majority of surviving refugees, women rebuilt their lives in the wake of war through business and trade in Malaya, as Islamic teachers in Mecca and Southeast Asia, and as servants and slaves in Bangkok. In each of these settings, women encountered new forms of agency and newfound challenges, shifting cultural values that regulated decisions and actions, and evolving perceptions of the qualifications for leadership. Focused upon the political demise of the Patani Sultanate, a state with a long history of female rule, this study is of particular relevance to scholarly debates concerning women in contemporary warfare because of its transnational focus with keen attention to women in a variety of Islamic spaces and contexts, its aim of dispelling the pervasive notion of Muslim women as lacking agency, and as a point of comparison for the present armed conflict still raging in Southern Thailand that has claimed more than five thousand and continues to impact women and gender dynamics in the region.

scholarly journals The Influence of a Vitrectomy on the Diurnal Intraocular Pressure

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Woo Lee ◽  
Joon Mo Kim ◽  
Seong Hee Shim ◽  
Da Yeong Kim ◽  
Jeong Hun Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuation ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Diurnal Iop ◽  
Maximum Minimum ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Healthy Eyes

Purpose. To evaluate the diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes after vitrectomy compared to that of healthy eyes.Methods. Twenty-one patients who had undergone vitrectomy and 21 age- and gender-matched normal controls were enrolled during the same period. We measured the diurnal IOP every two hours between 9 a.m. and 11 p.m. in all patients who were admitted for cataract surgery. Patients with a history of eye surgery (not including vitrectomy) or use of a medication that is associated with IOP were excluded. The IOP and ocular parameters of patients were compared with the same patients’ fellow healthy eyes and with normal eyes of age- and gender-matched controls.Results. There were no significant differences between vitrectomized eyes and normal fellow eyes with regard to all IOP parameters including the maximum, minimum, and IOP fluctuation values. Diurnal fluctuation of IOP (or the difference between the maximum and minimum IOP) was larger in vitrectomized eyes than it was in age- and gender-matched control eyes.Conclusions. Vitrectomy did not markedly affect the IOP. Although there were no severe complications after vitrectomy, the IOP fluctuation was wider in vitrectomized eyes than it was in normal eyes.

The Oxford Handbook of Queer Cinema

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Cultural Productions ◽  
Queer Cinema ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cross Dressing ◽  
And Gender

Queer media is not one thing but an ensemble of at least four moving variables: history, gender and sexuality, geography, and medium. Although many scholars would pinpoint the early 1990s as marking the emergence of a cinematic movement in the United States (dubbed by B. Ruby Rich the “new queer cinema”), films and television programs that clearly spoke to LGBTQ themes and viewers existed at many different historical moments and in many different forms: cross-dressing, same-sex attraction, comedic drag performance; at some points, for example, in 1950s television, these were not undercurrents but very prominent aspects of mainstream cultural production. Addressing “history” not as dots on a progressive spectrum but as an uneven story of struggle, the writers in this volume stress that queer cinema did not appear miraculously at one moment but arrived on currents throughout the century-long history of the medium. Likewise, while queer is an Anglophone term that has been widely circulated, it by no means names a unified or complete spectrum of sexuality and gender identity, just as the LGBTQ+ alphabet soup struggles to contain the distinctive histories, politics, and cultural productions of trans artists and genderqueer practices. Across the globe, media-makers have interrogated identity and desire through the medium of cinema through rubrics that sometimes vigorously oppose the Western embrace of the pejorative term queer, foregrounding instead indigenous genders and sexualities or those forged in the Global South or those seeking alternative epistemologies. Finally, though “cinema” is in our title, many scholars in this collection see this term as an encompassing one, referencing cinema and media in a convergent digital environment. The lively and dynamic conversations introduced here aspire to sustain further reflection as “queer cinema” shifts into new configurations.

Crossing borders in transnational gender history

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks
Keyword(s):  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Transnational History ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Gender History ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
Matter Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Migration ◽  
New Research

AbstractTransnational history and the history of gender and sexuality have both been concerned with the issue of borders and their crossing, but the two fields themselves have not intersected much in the past. This is beginning to change, and this article surveys recent scholarship that draws on both fields, highlighting work in six areas: movements for women’s and gay rights; diverse understandings of sexuality and gender; colonialism and imperialism; intermarriage; national identity and citizenship; and migration. This new research suggests ways in which the subject matter, theory, and methodology in transnational history and the history of gender and sexuality can interconnect: in the two fields’ mutual emphasis on intertwinings, relationships, movement, and hybridity; their interdisciplinarity and stress on multiple perspectives; and their calls for destabilization of binaries.

scholarly journals The relative validity and repeatability of an FFQ for estimating intake of zinc and its absorption modifiers in young and older Saudi adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 968-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadeil M Alsufiani ◽  
Fatmah Yamani ◽  
Taha A Kumosani ◽  
Dianne Ford ◽  
John C Mathers
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Relative Validity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relative validity and repeatability of a sixty-four-item FFQ for estimating dietary intake of Zn and its absorption modifiers in Saudi adults. In addition, we used the FFQ to investigate the effect of age and gender on these intakes.DesignTo assess validity, all participants completed the FFQ (FFQ1) and a 3 d food record. After 1 month, the FFQ was administered for a second time (FFQ2) to assess repeatability.SettingJeddah, Saudi Arabia.SubjectsOne hundred males and females aged 20–30 years and 60–70 years participated.ResultsMean intakes of Zn and protein from FFQ1 were significantly higher than those from the food record while there were no detectable differences between tools for measurement of phytic acid intake. Estimated intakes of Zn, protein and phytate by both approaches were strongly correlated (P<0·001). Bland–Altman analysis showed for protein that the difference in intake as measured by the two methods was similar across the range of intakes while for Zn and phytic acid, the difference increased with increasing mean intake. Zn and protein intakes from FFQ1 and FFQ2 were highly correlated (r>0·68,P<0·001) but were significantly lower at the second measurement (FFQ2). Older adults consumed less Zn and protein compared with young adults. Intakes of all dietary components were lower in females than in males.ConclusionsThe FFQ developed and tested in the current study demonstrated reasonable relative validity and high repeatability and was capable of detecting differences in intakes between age and gender groups.

The Effects of Age and Gender on Lipreading Abilities

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 883-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Tye-Murray ◽  
Mitchell S. Sommers ◽  
Brent Spehar
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Older Males

Age-related declines for many sensory and cognitive abilities are greater for males than for females. The primary purpose of the present investigation was to consider whether age-related changes in lipreading abilities are similar for men and women by comparing the lipreading abilities of separate groups of younger and older adults. Older females, older males, younger females and younger males completed vision-only speech recognition tests of: (1) 13 consonants in a vocalic /i/-C-/i/ environment; (2) words in a carrier phrase; and (3) meaningful sentences. In addition to percent correct performance, consonant data were analyzed for performance within viseme categories. The results suggest that while older adults do not lipread as well as younger adults, the difference between older and younger participants was comparable across gender. We also found no differences in the lipreading abilities of males and females, regardless of stimulus type (i.e., consonants, words, sentences), a finding that differs from some reports by previous investigators (e.g., Dancer, Krain, Thompson, Davis, & Glenn, 1994). El deterioro relacionado con la edad de muchas habilidades sensoriales y cognitivas es mayor para los hombres que para las mujeres. El propósito primario de la presente investigación fue considerar si los cambios relacionados con la edad en la habilidad de leer los labios eran similares para hombre y mujeres, comparando las habilidades de lectura labial de grupos separados de adultos jóvenes y viejos. Mujeres viejas, hombres viejos, mujeres jóvenes y hombres jóvenes completaron pruebas de reconocimiento del lenguaje únicamente por medio de la visión de: (1) 13 consonantes en un ambiente vocálico /i/-C-/i/; (2) de palabras en una frase portadora; y (3) de frases significativas. Además del porcentaje correcto de desempeño, los datos de las consonantes se analizaron en cuanto a desempeño dentro de las categorías de visemas. Los resultados sugieren que mientras los adultos más viejos no leen los labios tan bien como los adultos más jóvenes, las diferencias entre participantes más viejos y más jóvenes fueron comparables entre los géneros. Tampoco encontramos diferencias en las habilidades de lectura labial de hombres y mujeres, sin importar el tipo de estímulo (p.e., consonantes, palabras, frases), un hallazgo que difiere con algunos reportes de investigadores previos (p.e., Dancer, Krain, Thompson, Davis, & Glenn, 1994).

scholarly journals “ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS OF TAFILA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY TOWARDS DISTANCE LEARNING”

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 5044-5051
Author(s):  
Dr. Lama Majed Al-Qaisy
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Technical University ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Academic Year

This paper focuses onidentifying the attitudes of the students of Tafila Technical University towards distance learning. The study sample consisted of 314 undergraduate students for the academic year 2020/2021. The results of the study show that students’attitudes toward distance learning were positive. As for the difference between students’ attitudes and study variables, it was found that there were no differences between students’attitudes towards distance learning and gender (males and females). On the other hand, differences were found due to the type of college and were in favor of the scientific colleges.

scholarly journals Myths of Male Same-Sex Love in the Art of the Italian Renaissance

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-95
Author(s):  
Ann Haughton ◽  
Ann Haughton
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Italian Renaissance ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Primary Case ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Cultural Mores ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender

Visual culture has much to contribute to an understanding of the history of sexuality. Yet, to date, the depiction of pederasty in the art of the Renaissance has not been covered adequately by dominant theoretical paradigms. Moreover, the interpretive approach of traditional art historical discourse has been both limited and limiting in its timidity toward matters concerning the representation of sexual proclivity between males. This article will address the ways in which Italian Renaissance artistic depictions of some mythological narratives were enmeshed with the period’s attitudes toward sexual and social relationships between men.Particular attention is paid here to the manner in which, under the veneer of a mythological narrative, certain works of art embodied a complex set of messages that encoded issues of masculine behaviour and performance in the context of intergenerational same-sex erotic relationships.  The primary case studies under investigation for these concerns of gender and sexuality in this particular context are Benvenuto Cellini’s marble Apollo and Hyacinth (1545), and Giulio Romano’s drawing of Apollo and Cyparissus (1524). By incorporating pictorial analysis, social history, and gender and sexuality studies, new possibilities will be offered for evaluating these artworks as visual chronicles of particular sexual and cultural mores of the period. Furthermore, this article will consider how visual representation of these mythic narratives of erotic behaviour between males conformed to the culturally defined sexual and social roles relating to the articulation of power that permeated one of the greatest milestones in art history.

scholarly journals Association Between Cervical Abrasion and Age and Its Influence on Gender - A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Nur Liyana Hannah Binti Izham Akmal ◽  
Adimulapu Hima Sandeep ◽  
Revathi Duraisamy
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender

Cervical lesions are often characterized by defects seen in the gingival third of a tooth crown which may be in the facial or lingual surface. Pathological loss of tooth structure caused by factors other than dental caries such as cervical abrasion is referred to as non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL). Cervical abrasion is an example of NCCL in which a constant exposure of the tooth to mechanical forces leads to pathological wearing away of the hard tissues. In most of the cases, cervical tooth lesions are revealed to be more common as the age increases. Several studies have reported the difference in the prevalence of cervical abrasion between males and females. Many reports suggest that cervical abrasion is commonly associated with improper tooth brushing habits. To evaluate the prevalence of cervical abrasion between genders and its influence on age. It is a retrospective study conducted using the case records of Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India from June 2019 to March 2020. Data including the patient’s name, patient’s identification number (PID), age, gender and presence of cervical abrasion were retrieved from the patients’ case records. A total of 742 consecutive case records were retrieved and analysed. Cervical abrasion was observed in 371 individuals of this study. High prevalence of cervical abrasions was seen in males (70.9%) compared to females (29.1%). Most of the cases were observed in individuals within the 41-50 years age group (28.8%), and the least was seen within the 11-20 years age group (0.3%). Within the limits of the study, most of the cervical abrasion cases are recorded in individuals within the 41-50 years age group with higher predilection in males. There is a statistically significant association of cervical abrasion with age and gender.

Islamic Law and Muslim Women in Modern Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Hefner
Keyword(s):  
General Model ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Political Transitions ◽  
Asian Nation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
And Gender

In recent years many Muslim-majority countries have undergone troubled and even tragic political transitions. A key feature of most transitions has been heightened debate over the place of women in public life, and the role of Shari‘a and Islamic ethical traditions in defining women’s roles. This chapter examines the pervasiveness of Shari‘a appeals in today’s transitions, in particular with regard to the Southeast Asian nation of Indonesia. It presents a general model for the analysis of Islamic law and ethical plurality, and then explores the model in relation to the history of Islamic law and gender politics in modern Indonesia. It ends with an analysis of the unsuccessful effort of the Islamic women’s movement in 2004 to introduce far-reaching gender reforms into the codified body of Islamic personal status law used since 1991 in Indonesia’s Islamic courts.

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