Civil Society

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-182
Author(s):  
Fran Baum
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Voting Rights ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Marriage Equality ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
To Come ◽  
Health And Well Being

Civil society has been vital to many measures that have improved governance for health. Advocates outside government have inspired many policy and law changes that have resulted in improved health and well-being. Examples include the abolition of slavery, women’s voting rights, and marriage equality. Civil society is also vital to maintain good governance through mechanisms including representative boards of management, watchdog functions, and formal processes of participation. This chapter reviews each of these to demonstrate that civil society is vital to good governance for health. The chapter argues that governance for health is much stronger and more likely to come about when there is top-down action from government, combined with bottom-up pressure for change that can force the hand of governments to act in favor of health, equity, and sustainability. Many examples of civil society action are provided.

scholarly journals HESR innovation in analysis that supports decision making and action

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Barr
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Policy Performance ◽  
European Health ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Inform Decision Making

Abstract The European Health Equity Status Report makes innovative use of microdata, at the level of the individual, to decompose the relative contributions of five essential underlying conditions to inequities in health and well-being. These essential conditions comprise: (1) Health services (2) Income security and social protection (3) Living conditions (4) Social and human capital (5) Employment and working conditions. Combining microdata across over twenty sources, the work of HESRi has also produced disaggregated indicators in health, well-being, and each of the five essential conditions. In conjunction with indicators of policy performance and investment, the HESRi Health Equity Dataset of over 100 indicators is the first of its kind, as a resource for monitoring and analysing inequities across the essential conditions and policies to inform decision making and action to reduce gaps in health and well-being.

Children's Perspective on Transition From Kindergarten to Primary School

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-59
Author(s):  
Adrijana Višnjić Jevtić ◽  
Ivana Visković
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Educational Transitions ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Community Culture ◽  
Children’S Participation ◽  
Children's Participation

Access to educational transitions is determined by public educational policies, community culture in which someone grew up, and personal paradigms of all participants in the process – parents, teachers, and children. Although most educational policies demand accepting children as active participants in their own education, the actual children's participation is challenging. It is still linked to the adults' interpretation of understanding children's participation. How well we understand their perspective is often a predictor of initiating higher or lower quality transition processes. To appreciate a child's perspective, we should move away from the “top-down” view and consider the children's “bottom-up” interpretation of their own thinking and well-being. It is therefore justified to research children's opinions. This chapter discusses children's understanding of the transition process, based on 40 interviews with children in ECE settings.

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
Fran Baum
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Planetary Health ◽  
Essential Tool

This chapter distills the contents of the book into six central messages: (1) reducing inequities is the central, vital mechanism for building population health; (2) human health is intimately connected to planetary health and needs to be viewed as part of the broader ecosystem; (3) how we govern is vitally important to how healthy, sustainable and equitable we are: good governance is centrally concerned with the involvement of all sectors to promote health and reduce inequities; (4) regulation is a powerful and essential tool for public health; (5) new ways of measuring progress are important; (6) ubiquitous leadership is required for health, equity, and well-being. The chapter elaborates on each of these and then ends with a consideration of the importance of maintaining hope and acting with courage.

Tourism as a Pathway to the Good Life: Comparing the Top–Down and Bottom–Up Effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 866-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Chu Chen ◽  
Sukjoon Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

This research examined the relationships among tourism, well-being, and novelty-seeking as a personality trait based on the top–down and bottom–up theories of well-being. A structural model that includes a direct effect of novelty-seeking on life satisfaction (top–down influence) and an indirect effect through tourism experiences (bottom–up influence) were proposed and tested using a sample of 556 American residents. Results showed that novelty-seekers were well aware of travel benefits and traveled more frequently. It was also found that the top–down influence of novelty-seeking on life satisfaction was significantly greater than the bottom–up influence. These findings highlight the crucial role of personality as a predictor of well-being as well as the importance of applying positive psychology principles to further enhance the potential contribution of tourism experiences to tourists’ well-being.

scholarly journals The Transformative Potential of Strategic Partnerships to Form a Health Equity Network of the Americas

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Michael A. Rodríguez ◽  
Michael G. Marmot ◽  
V. Nelly Salgado de Snyder ◽  
Luis A.C. Galvão ◽  
Ximena Avellaneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Equity ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Transformative Potential ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Health And Well Being

Health inequities across the Americas are avoidable and unjust yet continue to persist. Systemic social determinants of health, which could be addressed at the policy level, are root causes of many inequities and prevent marginalized individuals and at-risk populations from reaching optimal health and well-being. In this article, we describe our approach to promote health equity through the intersectoral partner­ships that were forged, and strategies that were shared, during the convening entitled “Summit 2017: Health Equity in the Americas” and the resulting emergence of the Health Equity Network of the Americas (HENA). We illustrate how this international network will raise awareness of policies and programs to inform decision makers about actions they can take to put an end to the unjust, persistent and mostly avoid­able health inequities facing the Americas today.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl 1):153-158; doi:10.18865/ed.29.S1.153.

Reimagining Rural: Shifting Paradigms About Health and Well-Being in the Rural United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Afifi ◽  
E.A. Parker ◽  
G. Dino ◽  
D.M. Hall ◽  
B. Ulin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Health ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Rural Places ◽  
Health And Well Being

Rural health disparities have attracted increased national attention, compelling an expanded focus on rural health research. In this manuscript, we deconstruct the definitions and narratives of “rural” communities and suggest that a paradigm shift is needed that centers the complexity and strength of rural places. We discuss the relevance of health equity frameworks, implementation science, and community-engaged approaches to promote rural well-being. Focusing on rural in its own right will lead to intervention innovations and reinvention with implications beyond rural areas. We conclude with suggestions for research and practice to inspire renewed interest in partnering with rural communities to promote health equity. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 43 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Health and Well-Being

2019 ◽  
pp. 156-176
Author(s):  
Brian D. Christens
Keyword(s):  
Health Equity ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Community Power ◽  
Community Power Structures ◽  
Direct Outcome ◽  
Health And Well Being

Chapter 7 distinguishes multiple hypothesized pathways through which empowerment processes produce impacts on health and well-being. The most direct outcome of empowerment processes is that social power is built and exercised. When this occurs, there are benefits for the participants in those processes, who often experience reduced stress and isolation. Empowerment processes also often lead to changes in policies and systems, thereby addressing systemic inequities and contributing to community well-being. Moreover, since empowerment processes can alter community power structures and make them more egalitarian, this may in itself lead to reduced vulnerability and insecurity and greater trust and cohesion. This chapter delineates multiple pathways—participant, ecological, and pluralist—through which empowerment processes can promote health, well-being, and health equity.

The Power of Policy to Promote Health and Well-Being

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Fran Baum
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Healthy Public Policy ◽  
Sustainable Societies ◽  
Direct Government ◽  
Health And Well Being

Governing for health involves designing, crafting, drafting, and implementing policies that will result in healthy, equitable, and sustainable societies in which well-being is enhanced. These policies need to be present in every sector. They need to both direct government actions toward well-being and provide a regulatory framework for the private sector. This chapter examines the role of values and ideologies in policy, including the extent to which agency or structure determines health, describes policy processes, and finally outlines the important meta-policy messages required for good governance for health and well-being. It presents the Mandela of health and discusses the Raworth doughnut model of economics as a useful tool to understand the values that should underline healthy public policy.

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