What Causes Autism?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ellis
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Childhood Diseases ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Parent Survey ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
To Come ◽  
Year 2000

The amount of research being done in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has grown exponentially in recent years, leading to rapidly changing data and statistics. As a result, our understanding of autism is constantly evolving. This makes it difficult for professionals and families to keep up. However, the ever-increasing pace of new developments offers us all hope. There is hope for better understanding of ASD by professionals and for more effective treatments. And there is always hope for a “cure” or at least a plan for the prevention of autism in the generations to come. The most recent statistics speak to the urgency in solving the autism “puzzle.” There have been dramatic rises in autism since at least the late 1980s. Based on the latest available data, which are from the year 2010, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 1 in 68 children in the United States has ASD, with the biggest increase in cases being among the higher-functioning patients, African Americans, and Hispanics. However, based on the data from the year 2000, the prevalence was 1 in 150. This is certainly a frightening jump in prevalence over a 10-year period. Some postulate that this is simply due to better diagnosis, although many studies do not support this. In a previous year, when the data showed that 1 in 88 children had ASD, the CDC noted that ASD was more prevalent than the childhood diseases of AIDS, cancer, and diabetes combined. Typically childhood cancer and diabetes have gotten more attention than autism, at least until recently. But this statistic helps to put the number of children and families affected by autism into perspective (1). A surprising government survey conducted in 2014 suggests that 1 in 45 U.S. children ages 3 to 17 have been diagnosed with ASD. This is quite a bit higher than the CDC’s 1-in-68 figure, but because the new data came from a parent survey, the 1-in-45 figure has not replaced the CDC’s number.

The Under-Enrollment of HIV-infected Foster Children in Clinical Trials and Protocols and the Need for Corrective State Action

1994 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-249
Author(s):  
Briar McNutt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
State Action ◽  
Pediatric Aids ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Year 2000

The incidence of HIV infection and AIDS in children has grown at an alarming rate. Approximately one million children worldwide have HIV infection. By the year 2000, an estimated ten million children will suffer from the disease. Currently, the United States has a population of an estimated 10,000 to 20,000 HIV-infected children. As of June 30, 1993, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported 4,710 known AIDS cases in children twelve years-old and younger. At that point, New York City reported 1,124 pediatric AIDS cases which represented twenty-four percent of all cases in the United States.With the rising number of HIV-infected children, the medical community in the United States has begun to search for HIV-and AIDS-related treatments particularized for children. In addition to establishing guidelines for HIV-infected children's frequent check-ups and timely immunizations, the medical community has initiated research studies involving HIV-infected children.

The Impact of Culture on Parental Perceptions about Autism Spectrum Disorders: Striving for Culturally Competent Practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda L. Barrio ◽  
Yun-Ju Hsiao ◽  
Nydia Prishker ◽  
Callie Terry
Keyword(s):  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Culturally And Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Parental Perspectives ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDespite the increasing number of children from culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) backgrounds in the United States, limited research exists synthesizing what is known about the prevalence and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in these communities. Children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds are disproportionately diagnosed with ASD and, there is a need for practitioners and educators to be culturally competent at addressing challenges and practices related to ASD for children and youth. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature related to parental perspectives on ASD, in children from a wide range of culturally diverse backgrounds to provide information and resources to practitioners about the importance to strive for cultural competence in practice-related work.

Vaccines and Conspiracies

Pained ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 65-66
Author(s):  
Michael D. Stein ◽  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Standards Of Evidence

This chapter looks at the effect of conspiracy theories on vaccines. Near the end of 2018, data released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed that a small, but growing, number of children in the United States were not getting recommended vaccinations. Some of this may be due to lack of access to vaccines; populations without insurance and those living in rural areas have greater rates of nonvaccination. However, part of it is also likely due to the rise of conspiracy theories and the willful dismissal of scientific evidence when it comes to vaccines. Vaccinations have always provoked anxiety; but the data on vaccines that are in widespread use are now clear: vaccines are safe and save lives. Nevertheless, conspiracism fuels the anti-vaccine movement, urging people to accept anecdotes over statistics. Unlike conspiracists, public health advocates adhere to standards of evidence and falsifiability; when conspiracists disregard explanation and refuse any form of correction, they place health at risk.

Pre-Referral Procedures: Meeting Unique Needs of English Language Learners

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Joanna Burton ◽  
Betsy Wendt
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
School System ◽  
English Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public School System ◽  
Language Difference ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
School Team

An increasingly large number of children receiving education in the United States public school system do not speak English as their first language. As educators adjust to the changing educational demographics, speech-language pathologists will be called on with increasing frequency to address concerns regarding language difference and language disorders. This paper illustrates the pre-referral assessment-to-intervention processes and products designed by one school team to meet the unique needs of English Language Learners (ELL).

Looking Out for Something Better to Come: Interview with Director Hanna Polak

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Masha Shpolberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Garbage Dump ◽  
To Come

Hanna Polak was in the United States in December 2015 for a screening of Something Better to Come (2014) and The Children of Leningradsky (2004) at Yale University, where the interview was conducted. Polak's devastating documentary Something Better to Come swept through the festival circuit with force, winning a Special Jury Award at IDFA along with awards at over twenty other festivals. Shot illegally on a garbage dump just outside Moscow over the course of fourteen years, the film follows a girl named Yula from age 10 to 24, as she grows up doing the things that teenagers everywhere do—experimenting with her hair color and makeup, with cigarettes and alcohol—all while living in the most difficult of conditions.

The Racial and Economic Context of Trump Support: Evidence for Threat, Identity, and Contact Effects in the 2016 Presidential Election

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Knowles ◽  
Linda Tropp
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Racial Identification ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Neighborhood Diversity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
To Come ◽  
Neighborhood Level ◽  
Support Evidence

Donald Trump's ascent to the Presidency of the United States defied the expectations of many social scientists, pundits, and laypeople. To date, most efforts to understand Trump's rise have focused on personality and demographic characteristics of White Americans. In contrast, the present work leverages a nationally representative sample of Whites to examine how contextual factors may have shaped support for Trump during the 2016 presidential primaries. Results reveal that neighborhood-level exposure to racial and ethnic minorities is associated with greater group threat and racial identification among Whites, as well as greater intentions to vote for Trump in the general election. At the same time, however, neighborhood diversity afforded Whites with opportunities for intergroup contact, which is associated with lower levels of threat, White identification, and Trump support. Further analyses suggest that a healthy local economy mutes threat effects in diverse contexts, allowing contact processes to come to the fore.

Migration for Mission

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Johnson ◽  
Patricia Wittberg ◽  
Mary Gautier ◽  
Thu Do
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Study ◽  
Catholic Sisters ◽  
Long Line ◽  
Catholic Organizations ◽  
To Come ◽  
Washington University ◽  
The Trinity

This book presents quantitative and qualitative data from the first-ever national study of international Catholic sisters in the United States, the Trinity Washington University/CARA Study. International sisters are defined as those born outside the United States and currently ministering, studying, or in residence in this country. The book begins with a chapter that locates current international sisters in the long line of sisters who have come to this country since the eighteenth century. The book identifies the sisters of today, describes the pathways they used to come here, their levels of satisfaction, their concerns and contributions, the issue of immigration status, the challenges of sister students, and the role and mission of Catholic organizations assisting immigrants in general, and international sisters in particular. The book ends with implications of the research and recommendations regarding resources, ministries, and structures of support for international sisters.

scholarly journals Users’ Beliefs Toward Physical Distancing in Facebook Pages of Public Health Authorities During COVID-19 Pandemic in Early 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 109019812110144
Author(s):  
Soon Guan Tan ◽  
Aravind Sesagiri Raamkumar ◽  
Hwee Lin Wee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Belief Model ◽  
United States Public Health ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
The Health Belief Model

This study aims to describe Facebook users’ beliefs toward physical distancing measures implemented during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic using the key constructs of the health belief model. A combination of rule-based filtering and manual classification methods was used to classify user comments on COVID-19 Facebook posts of three public health authorities: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States, Public Health England, and Ministry of Health, Singapore. A total of 104,304 comments were analyzed for posts published between 1 January, 2020, and 31 March, 2020, along with COVID-19 cases and deaths count data from the three countries. Findings indicate that the perceived benefits of physical distancing measures ( n = 3,463; 3.3%) was three times higher than perceived barriers ( n = 1,062; 1.0%). Perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 ( n = 2,934; 2.8%) was higher compared with perceived severity ( n = 2,081; 2.0%). Although susceptibility aspects of physical distancing were discussed more often at the start of the year, mentions on the benefits of intervention emerged stronger toward the end of the analysis period, highlighting the shift in beliefs. The health belief model is useful for understanding Facebook users’ beliefs at a basic level, and it provides a scope for further improvement.

scholarly journals A Bibliometric Insight of Genetic Factors in ASD: Emerging Trends and New Developments

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Kang Wang ◽  
Weicheng Duan ◽  
Yijie Duan ◽  
Yuxin Yu ◽  
Xiuyi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
De Novo Mutations ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Genetic Abnormalities

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases have increased rapidly in recent decades, which is associated with various genetic abnormalities. To provide a better understanding of the genetic factors in ASD, we assessed the global scientific output of the related studies. A total of 2944 studies published between 1997 and 2018 were included by systematic retrieval from the Web of Science (WoS) database, whose scientific landscapes were drawn and the tendencies and research frontiers were explored through bibliometric methods. The United States has been acting as a leading explorer of the field worldwide in recent years. The rapid development of high-throughput technologies and bioinformatics transferred the research method from the traditional classic method to a big data-based pipeline. As a consequence, the focused research area and tendency were also changed, as the contribution of de novo mutations in ASD has been a research hotspot in the past several years and probably will remain one into the near future, which is consistent with the current opinions of the major etiology of ASD. Therefore, more attention and financial support should be paid to the deciphering of the de novo mutations in ASD. Meanwhile, the effective cooperation of multi-research centers and scientists in different fields should be advocated in the next step of scientific research undertaken.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document