Women in the Crossfire

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Paul Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Gender Construction ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Honor Killing ◽  
Sociocultural Contexts ◽  
First Time

Every year, thousands of girls and women die, often at the hands of blood relatives. These victims are accused of committing honor violations that bring shame upon their family—such transgressions range from walking with a boy in their neighborhood to seeking to marry a man of their own choosing to being a victim of rape. Women in the Crossfire presents a thorough examination of honor killing, an age-old social practice through which women are trapped and subjected to terror and deadly violence as consequences of the evolution of dysfunctional patriarchal structures and competition among men for domination. To understand the practice of honor killing, its root causes, and possibilities for protection and prevention, this book considers the issues from a variety of perspectives (epistemic, anthropological, sociological, cultural, ethical, historical, psychological, etc.) and makes use of original research—an analysis of a database of honor killing cases, published here for the first time. Specifically, the book addresses the salient traits and trends present in honor killing incidents and examines how honor is understood in sociocultural contexts where these killings occur. It illuminates socialization factors within honor-shame cultures that include gender construction, child-rearing practices, and adverse experiences that prime boys and men to take roles as one-day killers of sisters, daughters, and wives in the name of honor. In addition to this microcausal pathway, the book relies on theories of cultural evolution to explain how honor killing was an adaptation to specific ecological challenges and co-evolved with other patriarchic institutions.

The Cultural Evolution of Honor Killing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Paul Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Costly Signaling ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Honor Killing ◽  
Sociocultural Systems

The focus in this chapter is on why honor killing ever came into existence as a social practice. The units for analysis are sociocultural systems and ecological pressures on the demographic groups among whom honor killing evolved. Here a population-level model of cultural evolution is employed to advance an argument for the best explanation for the development of honor killing. Only cultural systems performing adaptive functions continued among early desert nomads and pastoralist of the arid mountain uplands. Historical and anthropological research supports claims that severe ecological challenges led to two major functional systems: consanguine hierarchical patriarchy and the segmentary lineage system. Honor killing likewise evolved, first as a costly signaling system to avert loss of female reproductive assets and to avoid group splintering. It later evolved further as an exaptation and as a means of avoiding blood-related conflicts within segmentary lineage systems.

Socialization, Gender, and Violence-Prone Personality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Paul Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Gender Performance ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Toxic Stress ◽  
Honor Killings ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Honor Killing ◽  
Traumatic Bonding

This is the first of three chapters to explore why honor killings occur in terms of the perpetrators, victims, families, and neighbors caught up in the social practice. This chapter approaches the psychology of honor killing in terms of reasons for key agents’ motives and behaviors—more specifically, the sociocultural roots of expectations about honorable and shameful behavior, responses to shame, and the formation of a personality capable of overcoming constraints on killing. Here the emphasis is on the beginnings of socialization, gender performance, and personality formation, starting with child-rearing and parental practices, as well as adverse life conditions including toxic stress. The chapter proceeds to consider how adversity and toxic stress alter brain architecture and explains how insecure attachment and traumatic bonding may contribute to a violence-prone personality.

scholarly journals Ivan Aleksandăr (1331-1371)

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Alberti
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
First Time

The long reign of Ivan Aleksandăr (1331-1371), the penultimate emperor of Bulgaria prior to the Turkish conquest, was marked by a series of successful military campaigns against Serbia and Byzantium and above all by an intensive cultural production, largely fostered and funded by the sovereign himself. The central decades of the fourteenth century were of crucial importance for the later cultural evolution of Bulgaria and the whole of Orthodox Slovenia, despite which to date ample and exhaustive studies on the figure of Ivan Aleksandăr are lacking. There is, in effect, a considerable amount of information at disposal, although it is scattered over the literary sources, the colophons of the manuscripts, the epigraphic documentation and also, obviously, the official deeds promulgated by the Emperor. Through the analysis of this varied documentation, this book attempts to reconstruct the figure of the sovereign, the context in which he lived and worked, his greatness and his mistakes and his parallel activities as a strategist and an illuminated patron of the arts. For the first time, the Italian reader can find collected and translated all the manuscript sources relating to the Bulgarian sovereign. The book is completed by an appendix with the original texts of the Slavonic-ecclesiastical tradition.

Numerical solution of fractional Bratu–type BVPs: a generalized variational iteration approach

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Assadi ◽  
Suheil Khuri ◽  
Issam Louhichi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Solution ◽  
Variational Iteration Method ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Variational Iteration ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Type Boundary ◽  
Initial Starting ◽  
First Time ◽  
Proof Of Convergence

Purpose The purpose of this study is to implement a newly introduced numerical scheme for the numerical solution of a class of nonlinear fractional Bratu-type boundary value problems (BVPs). Design/methodology/approach This strategy is based on a generalization of the variational iteration method (VIM). This proposed generalized VIM (GVIM) is particularly suitable for tackling BVPs. Findings This scheme yields accurate solutions for a class of nonlinear fractional Bratu-type BVPs, for which the errors are uniformly distributed across a given domain. A proof of convergence is included. The numerical results confirm that this approach overcomes the deficiency of the VIM and other methods that exist in the literature in the sense that the solution does not deteriorate as the authors move away from the initial starting point. Originality/value The method introduced is based on original research that produces new knowledge. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that this GVIM is applied to fractional BVPs.

Strengthening the contribution of scholarship to equity in practice for entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Teresa Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Gender Construction ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Reflective Essay

Purpose This paper aims to discuss the ways to strengthen the contribution of scholarship to gender equity in practice for entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship. Research that spotlights gender construction and enactment, including its origins and its discriminatory effects on people, is inherently social action to the degree that it motivates institutional change. For this 10th year recognition of the founding of the International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, the four waves of feminism framework is used to consider our conceptual domain and select practitioners in the gender × entrepreneurship field are interviewed for input on-field needs. Findings are that academics can boost equity in practice by doing original research and promoting research that is more representative, sharing specialized scholarship skills in activist arenas, making the results of academic research available to practitioners and policymakers, and reviewing and validating (or discrediting) information circulating in public spheres. Design/methodology/approach This reflective essay is designed to consider the relevance of scholarship in gender and entrepreneurship to practitioners who participate in the entrepreneurship ecosystem. The concept of the temporal waves of feminism, plus interviews with international practitioners, are used to inform the issues. Findings Findings are that academics can boost equity in practice by doing original research and promoting research that is more representative, sharing specialized scholarship skills in activist arenas, making the results of academic research available to practitioners and policymakers, and reviewing and validating (or discrediting) information circulating in public spheres. Originality/value Scholars of gender and entrepreneurship can look for and create access and meaning for their work with and for practitioners. Bridges to scholarship on gender (e.g. in psychology, anthropology, gender studies, social psychology) can be built to stay current and effective.

scholarly journals The Best Laid Plans: Why New Parents Fail to Habituate Practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tandy Chalmers Thomas ◽  
Amber M Epp
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Practice Elements ◽  
Longitudinal Approach ◽  
First Time

Abstract Consumers regularly fail to habituate newly adopted practices. In contrast to established practices, this often occurs because understanding a practice is different from actually doing it. Our work explores this “messiness of doing” and explains why consumers successfully habituate some newly adopted practices after experiencing obstacles (i.e., misaligned practice elements) but not others. Utilizing a longitudinal approach that follows first-time parents from pregnancy through the first eight months postpartum, we track how parents plan for practices and how those plans unfold. We document a process whereby parents first engage in extensive planning and preparation prior to the birth of their child, during which parents build two realignment capabilities (anticipation and integration). After the baby’s arrival, some practices invariably do not work. Parents respond to these misalignments by following one of five paths—differentiated by the capabilities parents build while planning—that result in practice abandonment, vulnerable habituation, or habituation. Our work highlights the challenges associated with translating a social practice into an enacted practice and the corresponding importance of accumulating realignment capabilities during planning. To facilitate habituation of newly adopted practices, how consumers make plans for these practices may ultimately matter more than what they actually plan to do.

Marketing Gaps and Intersections, Between Education and Social Practice: the “Win-Win-Win Papakonstantinidis Model” and the High-Risk Ethical Priorities (HREP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Leonidas A. Papakonstantinidis
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Entrepreneur ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Good Trade ◽  
First Time ◽  
Alternative Solutions

Given gaps and intersections between education and social practice, this article goes to the next step. Efforts are focused on “what must be done,” what policy must be applied so that gaps and intersections must be eliminated, that means “all about the graduated from any education level could be absorbed by the labor market in a period. Conventional policies have failed, and alternative solutions are promoted by the scientific community among them, some scientists propose quite new forms, as the compassion-social entrepreneur. In this volume-section a quite radical reversal concept is proposed Instead of “good trade practices” in the frame of a high risk hard competitive market’s environment”, the “High Risk Ethical Priorities” is proposed taking into account market trends, and competition. From this point of view, the term “High Risk Ethical Priorities” (HREP) is introduced (for the first time), by this article. Finally, the two criteria, the Chi-square and the NE have been used, for the point of the unique equilibrium (deviation=0) be detected.

A review of the sect. Mallotium of the genus Leptogium (Collemataceae) in Russia and L. pseudopapillosum and L. hirsutum new records for Russia

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 264-290
Author(s):  
T. V. Makryi
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Original Research ◽  
The South ◽  
New Findings ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Far East

Based on the literature data and the original research, a review of the species of the sect. Mallotium of the genus Leptogium occurring in the territory of Russia (11 species) is made and a key for their identification is provided. L. pseudopapillosum P. M. Jørg. et Wallace and L. hirsutum Sierk are reported for the first time for Russia, descriptions and localities for both of them are provided. Descriptions of four poorly known in Russia species — L. arcticum P. M. Jørg., L. asiaticum P. M. Jørg., L. furfuraceum (Harm.) Sierk, L. pedicellatum P. M. Jørg. are given. New findings are reported for three species, L. asiaticum P. M. Jørg., L. hildenbrandii Nyl., and L. saxatile Makryï. The greatest diversity of hairy Leptogium species is found to occur in the south of the Russian Far East and Siberia — eight and seven species, respectively.

From Helpless to Hero: Promoting Values-Based Behavior and Positive Family Interaction in the Midst of Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Szabo ◽  
Sarah Richling ◽  
Dennis D. Embry ◽  
Anthony Biglan ◽  
Kelly Gene Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Behavior Analysts ◽  
Unsafe Behaviors ◽  
First Time

Parents managing their home environments during government ordered stay-at-home periods are likely to need new skills for occupying their children’s time with activities which promote health and emotional well-being. Moreover, parents and children know they need help managing these circumstances. Perhaps for the first time, behavior analysts hold the reinforcers for increasing parental involvement in effective child-rearing practices. In fact, behavior analysts can help parents enlist their children in managing the household by framing their behavior in terms of hidden superpowers. In the current paper, we argue that behavior analysts have a range of tools to offer which are grounded in evidence-based principles, strategies, and kernels, or essential units of behavioral influence. When combined into scheduled daily practices and invoked by children taught to see their use of the tools as nothing short of heroic, these practices function as vaccinations that inoculate families against toxic and unsafe behaviors.

Tying the Knot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Probert
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Law ◽  
First Time

The Marriage Act 1836 established the foundations of modern marriage law, allowing couples to marry in register offices and non-Anglican places of worship for the first time. Rebecca Probert draws on an exceptionally wide range of primary sources to provide the first detailed examination of marriage legislation, social practice, and their mutual interplay, from 1836 through to the unanticipated demands of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. She analyses how and why the law has evolved, closely interrogating the parliamentary and societal debates behind legislation. She demonstrates how people have chosen to marry and how those choices have changed, and evaluates how far the law has been help or hindrance in enabling couples to marry in ways that reflect their beliefs, be they religious or secular. In an era of individual choice and multiculturalism, Tying the Knot sign posts possible ways in which future legislators might avoid the pitfalls of the past.

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