Historical identity in the coordinate system of world development

The purpose of the article is to conceptualize the phenomena of «ethnic» and «national» identity and to determine the vectors of their development. Research methods are based on the fundamental principles of historical and cultural analysis. The methodological core of the research is a comparative analysis of ethnic and national identities in the chronotype as complex sociocultural systems. The scientific novelty lies in the conceptualization of the ethnonational identity dichotomy through the prism of the cultural code. It is substantiated that in the conditions of modern modernization, the ratio between the ethnic and national components of identity depends on the direction of their development vectors: a) when the vectors are parallel and equally oriented (for example, one of the ethnic communities monopolizes power), there is a reduction of national identity to ethnic one; b) when the vectors are parallel, but oppositely oriented (for example, when an ethnic community seeks to recognize its right to political self-determination), national identity collides with the interests of the ethnic community, entering into confrontation with it. Conclusions. Within the framework of constructivism, the phenomenon of ethnic identity is analyzed as a social construct and the factors of deviation from this model are revealed (in particular, adaptation to the environment, acculturation, violation of the demographic balance between different groups), causing its variability. The systemic characteristics and the main conceptual components of national identity (internal and external) are analyzed, factors of the weakening of social ties due to the processes of globalization, the growth of entropy, and information expansion in society are identified. Typical models of interaction of ethnic and national identities are considered. Keywords: ethnic identity, national identity, cultural code, ethnos, nation.

Fighting for Family and Glory: Hope, Racialization, and Exploitation in a U.S. Boxing Gym

Relaying on years of ethnographic research and boxers’ life stories, this article examines how boxers from racialized and marginalized communities hope for family and glory in a Midwestern U.S. gym. Hope for family is embraced by youth and young adults who develop familial ties with trainers and fellow boxers. Hope for glory begins in gyms but ultimately must be sought in competitive arenas of elite amateur tournaments and professional boxing. Competitive arenas, however, exists in sociocultural systems that capitalize on the brutalization and exploitation of racialized bodies as boxing fanatics crave blood, pain, and concussions. In these contexts, boxers’ hope for glory is fulfilled through exploitation—both physical and cultural—of their collective bodies; and hope for glory compromises the relationships and sense of community that are established as boxers pursue hope for family.

Solidarity as the phenomenon of modern culture

This article elucidated the phenomenon of solidarity from the perspective of value-semantic characteristic. The existing research on solidarity focus attention on the social nature and social aspects of the formation and development of this phenomenon. However, this is insufficient to get a clear picture of the factors that determine the solidary interaction of individuals: sacred values, values of the good, historical memory, etc. Examination of solidarity from such perspective allows developing such independent avenue of research as axiology of solidarity, etc. The main conclusions acquired in the course of studying solidarity as the cultural phenomenon consists in the following statements: 1) values are the determinants of solidarity, although the type of values (political, ideological, social) are of little significance; 2) solidarity is rather associated with universal values that are present in each culture, regardless of its national distinctness; 3) special role in studying solidarity is played by the empirical techniques  that allow specifying the value aspects of manifestations of solidarity in various social groups and communities, as well as sociocultural systems

Dealing Positively with World Crises: Our Contribution to World Peace

Humanity’s search for a new and effective orientation will bring with it a changing relationship between cause and effect. Individuals disillusioned by culture, society, politics and religion, who seek refuge and help in their private worlds, will in turn multiply the collective problems because of these shifting relations. This shows us once again that none of these cultural systems is good in itself. Their qualities only reveal themselves in the ways in which they are effective for the people who live within them and to the extent to which the rules of their games allow for constructive encounters with other sociocultural systems and their members. So, there is much that the members of various cultural systems could learn from each other – even if they only learn to understand one another. First published in Hessisches Ärzteblatt Journal. Issue 3 (2002) in German.

Resolving the problem of Algorithmic Dissonance: An unconventional solution for a sociotechnical problem

In this paper, I propose the concept of “algorithmic dissonance”, which characterizes the inconsistencies that emerge through the fissures that lie between algorithmic systems that utilize system identities, and sociocultural systems of knowledge that interact with them. A product of human-algorithm interaction, algorithmic dissonance builds upon the concepts of algorithmic discrimination and algorithmic awareness, offering greater clarity towards the comprehension of these sociotechnical entanglements. By employing Du Bois’ concept of “double consciousness” and black feminist theory, I argue that all algorithmic dissonance is racialized. Next, I advocate for the use of speculative methodologies and art for the creation of critically informative sociotechnical imaginaries that might serve a basis for the sociological critique and resolution of algorithmic dissonance. Algorithmic dissonance can be an effective check against structural inequities, and of interest to scholars and practitioners concerned with running “algorithm audits”.

Konstruksi Banten Gebogan pada Era Golobalisasi di Desa Abiantuwung, Kecamatan Kediri, Kabupaten Tabanan

<p><em>Banten is the means used by Balinese Hindus to worship God. One of them is the banten gebogan. Banten gebogan now a days uses not only fruits, snacks, flowers and other food products, but has begun to use factory made canned drinks. Three formulations of the problem can be stated, namely (1) What is the form of banten gebogan in the era of globalization in Abiantuwung Village, Kediri District, Tabanan Regency? (2) Why in the era of globalization, the people of Abiantuwung Village, Kediri District, Tabanan Regency use a variety of canned drinks in making offerings of gebogan? and (3) What are the implications of offering banten gebogan in the era of globalization in Abiantuwung Village, Kediri District, Tabanan Regency? </em></p><p><em>This research use a qualitative approach. The data collection technique was done by observing, interviewing, and studying documents. The validity of the data was obtained by using the transcription technique. The informants are determined in a proposive manner, and the researcher himself is the main instrument assisted by an interview guide, digital camera, laptop, and writing instruments. After verification, the data were analyzed using two theories, namely the theory of globalization and the theory of sociocultural systems.</em></p><em>The form of banten gebogan can be divided into two parts according to the times, namely Banten Gebogan Traditional and Banten Gebogan Modern. As for the reasons that make people make modern offerings, namely: Yajña Offerings of Gratitude to God, Art and Aesthetic, and Practical, Effective and Efficient. The implications of this modern offering is the spiritual degradation and cultural transformation.</em>

RUSSIAN PSEUDONYM IN THE BACKGROUND OF CHINESE CULTURE

This article dwells on the study of the Russian-language literary pseudonym treated in the background of the Chinese linguistic culture. The relevance of this study is determined by the growing interest in studying the comparative aspect of a literary pseudonym from the position of a representative of the Chinese linguistic culture. The main purpose of this article is to study the features of literary pseudonyms in Russian and Chinese. Research methods are a method of analysis and synthesis, classification, comparative, contrastive and statistical analyzes. The study reveals that a pseudonym and culture are in a symbiotic relationship, since cultural changes can cause changes in the content of pseudonyms. Consequently, we have the right to consider a literary pseudonym as a phenomenon of linguaculture, taking into account the fact that the linguistic features of Russian and Chinese pseudonyms are evidence of the differences between the two sociocultural systems. These differences make it possible to consider a literary pseudonym, at the same time representing a kind of historical phenomenon, as a product of historical development that arises in certain cultural and historical conditions, absorbing the features of its time, closely related to traditional values and the life experience of their carriers.

Cultures Typology Analysis Based on the Interdisciplinary Approach

The typology of cultures is one of the significant issues in the humanities and social studies, and it is becoming very important in the current era of globalization growth. The purpose of the present research is to analyze existing academic concepts and approaches towards cultures typology. The research is of an interdisciplinary nature and involves categories and concepts from philosophy, cultural studies, sociology, management, etc.There is presented a brief overview of cultures typology scientific concepts. The article reveals that notable researches follow dynamic approach towards cultures typology influenced by current globalization trends rather than static models of sociocultural systems typology. Currently, most of sociocultural systems have to adapt or transform in order to cope with globalization trends. Authors underline the need to change the paradigm of academic understanding of cultures typology and to update approaches for cultures typology model development.The authors presume that following the idea that the globalization core is coming from the Western civilization, the countries that push for technological revolution 4.0 are forced to focus on the centered ideological and semantic patterns where the Westerners could define points of demarcation with representatives of non-Western societies. This explains the tendency of comparative management theorists to measure the degree of cultural distance between countries. In this context, the theory of cultural and orientation values types seems to be one of the most promising methods of cultures typology.Following the structural-system approach, the authors determine a culture as a mega-system consisting of the main macro-systems (macro-cultures) and sub-systems (micro-cultures). The article stresses that globalization challenges push countries all over the world to think of the need to develop a common basis for mutual understanding. The authors suggest that the formation of a global network civilization as a mega-culture, in which the opportunities for communication between different cultures are more developed due to innovative technologies, should become a confident answer to existing global challenges.

Creativity in Sociocultural Systems

Although psychologists typically see creativity as an individual-level event, sociologists and cultural anthropologists are more likely to view it as a sociocultural phenomenon. This phenomenon takes place at the level of relatively large and enduring collectives, such as cultures, nations, and even whole civilizations. This chapter reviews the extensive research on such macro-level creativity. The review begins with a historical overview before turning to the cross-sectional research on the creative Ortgeist, a subject that encompasses the factors that influence the relative creativity of both preliterate cultures and entire modern nations. From there the chapter turns to role of the Zeitgeist in affecting the creativity of civilizations across time—the rise and fall of creative activity. This research examines both quantitative and qualitative causes that operate both short- and long-term.