The Contest Piece as a Probe of Memory

2020 ◽  
pp. 191-206
Author(s):  
Robert O. Gjerdingen
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Paris Conservatory ◽  
School Year ◽  
Voice Students ◽  
The Given ◽  
Keyboard Instrument

At the end of the school year at the Paris Conservatory each class or studio held a contest. How a student did in the contests could determine whether or not he or she could continue in that class, advance to a higher class, or be dismissed. In the harmony contests, students would be unlikely to win any sort of prize if they could not reproduce the contrapuntal schemas suggested by patterns in the given basses or melodies. That is, a student was provided with just one of the four parts (soprano, alto, tenor, bass) and required to complete the rest of the parts. The test typically lasted six hours, with the student shut in a room without any keyboard instrument. By being sensitive to the cues in the given voice, students could retrieve from their memories the other voices of the appropriate marches harmoniques. These were descendants of the movimenti (bass motions) taught in the Naples conservatories.

NEUROTIC SYMPTOMATICS RELATED TO PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS IN YOUTH

2019 ◽  
pp. 2014-2019
Author(s):  
Milen Dimov
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Responsiveness ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
School Year ◽  
Real Behavior ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Ideal

The present study traces the dynamics of personal characteristics in youth and the manifested neurotic symptoms in the training process. These facts are the reason for the low levels of school results in the context of the existing theoretical statements of the problem and the empirical research conducted among the trained teenagers. We suggest that the indicators of neurotic symptomatology in youth – aggression, anxiety, and neuroticism, are the most demonstrated, compared to the other studied indicators of neurotic symptomatology. Studies have proved that there is a difference in the act of neurotic symptoms when tested in different situations, both in terms of expression and content. At the beginning of the school year, neurotic symptoms, more demonstrated in some aspects of aggressiveness, while at the end of school year, psychotism is more demonstrated. The presented summarized results indicate that at the beginning of the school year, neurotic symptoms are strongly associated with aggression. There is a tendency towards a lower level of social responsiveness, both in the self-assessment of real behavior and in the ideal “I”-image of students in the last year of their studies. The neurotic symptomatology, more demonstrated due to specific conditions in the life of young people and in relation to the characteristics of age.

Acquiring penmanship and writing skills from the first to fifth grade of primary school: Joined-up writing vs. Comenia Script

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Olga Kučerová ◽  
Anna Kucharská
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
School Year ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Developmental Dynamics ◽  
The Given

Abstract The project presented here deals with a typical human means of communication – writing. The aim of the project is to map the developmental dynamics of handwriting from the first to the fifth grade of primary school. The question remains topical because of the fact that several systems of writing have been used in the past few years. Our project focuses on comparing the systems of joined-up handwriting (the standard Latin alphabet) and the most widespread form of printed handwriting: Comenia Script. The research can be marked as sectional; pupils took a writing exam at the beginning and at the end of the 2015/2016 school year. The total number of respondents was 624 pupils, evenly distributed according to the school year, system of writing and gender. To evaluate handwriting, the evaluation scale of Veverková and Kucharská (2012) was adjusted to include a description of phenomena related to graphomotor and grammatical aspects of writing, including the overall error rate and work with errors. Each area that was observed included a series of indicators through which it was possible to create a comprehensive image of the form handwriting took in the given period. Each indicator was independently classified on a three-point scale. Thanks to that, a comprehensive image of the form of writing of a contemporary pupil emerged.

The acquisition of Hungarian recursive PPs

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
Ágnes Langó-Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Functional Element ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functional Head ◽  
Experiment Subject ◽  
The Given

Abstract In this study an experiment is presented on how Hungarian children interpret two word orders of recursive PPs (subject-PP-verb and PP-subject-verb order). According to the research of Roeper (2011) and Hollebrandse and Roeper (2014), children tend to give conjunctive interpretation to multiple embedded sentences at the beginning of language acquisition. This interpretation later turns into an adult-like, recursive interpretation. Our aim is to discover (i) whether Hungarian children start with conjunction as well, and whether (ii) the apparently more salient functional head lévő appearing in Hungarian recursive PPs can help them to acquire the correct, recursive interpretation early. We also want to find out whether (iii) the word orders in recursive PPs have an influence on the acquisition of children. In this paper two experiments are presented conducted with 6 and 8-year-olds and adults, in which the participants were asked to choose between two pictures. One of the pictures depicted recursive and the other one depicted conjunctive interpretation of the given sentence. In the first experiment subject-PP-verb order was tested, but in the second one sentences were tested with PP-subject-verb order. We will claim that lévő, which is (arguably) a more salient Hungarian functional element than -i, does not help children to acquire the embedded reading of recursive sentences, because both of them are overt functional heads. However, the two types of word orders affect the acquisition of recursive PPs. PP-subject-verb order is easier to compute because the order of the elements in the sentences and the order of the elements in the pictures matches.

Growth Characteristics of Activated Sludges Acclimated to para-Nitrophenol in Batch and Continuous Modes

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 327-333
Author(s):  
Y. Matsui ◽  
F. Yamaguchi ◽  
Y. Suwa ◽  
Y. Urushigawa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Continuous Mode ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
The Given ◽  
Operational Modes ◽  
Very High ◽  
Sensitive Group

Activated sludges were acclimated to p-nitrophenol (PNP) in two operational modes, a batch and a continuous. The operational mode of the PNP acclimation of activated sludges strongly affected the physiological characteristics of predominant microorganisms responsible for PNP degradation. Predominant PNP degraders in the sludge in batch mode (Sludge B) had lower PNP affinity and were relatively insensitive to PNP concentration. Those of the sludge in continuous mode (Sludge C), on the other hand, had very high PNP affinity and were sensitive to PNP. MPN enumeration of PNP degraders in sludge B and C using media with different PNP concentrations (0.05, 0.2,0.5 and 2.0 mM) supported the above results. Medium with 0.2 mM of PNP did not recover PNP degraders in sludge C well, while it recovered PNP degraders in sludge B as well as the medium with 0.05 mM did. When switching from one operational mode to the other, the predominant population in sludge B shifted to the sensitive group, but that of sludge C did not shift at the given loading of PNP, showing relative resistance to inhibitive concentration.

Giving and Promising

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Yves Lacoste ◽  
Oliver O’Donovan
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Present Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
The Given

Giving and promise must be thought together. Being-in-the world entails being-with the other, who is both “given” and bearer of a gift promised. But any disclosure may be understood as a gift; it is not anthropomorphic to speak of “self-giving” with a wider reference than person-to-person disclosure. Which implies that no act of giving can exhaust itself in its gift. Present experience never brings closure to self-revealing. Yet giving is crystallized into “the given,” the closure of gift. “The given” is what it is, needing no gift-event to reveal it. But the given, too, is precarious, and can be destabilized when giving brings us face to face with something unfamiliar. Nothing appears without a promise of further appearances, and God himself can never be “given.”

Development of Advanced CNC Interpolation Algorithm With Consideration of Command and Dynamic Errors

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Shiun Tsai ◽  
Ying-Che Huang
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Contour Error ◽  
Interpolation Algorithm ◽  
Interpolation Scheme ◽  
Error Equation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cnc Interpolation ◽  
Dynamic Errors ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Given

In this paper, an integrated acceleration/deceleration with dynamics interpolation scheme is proposed to confine the maximum contour error at the junction of linear junction. The dynamic contour error equation is derived analytically and then it is utilized for the interpolation design. Based on the derived formulations which could predict the command and dynamic errors, the advanced interpolation design could adjust the connecting velocity of the two blocks to confine the overall contour errors under the given tolerance. Simulation results validate the proposed algorithm can achieve higher accurate trajectory as compared to the other interpolation algorithm proposed in the past.

AKADEMSKI VOKABULAR: DA LI SU STUDENTI (U)OPŠTE OBRAZOVANI? O POTREBI ZA UKLjUČIVANjEM AKADEMSKOG VOKABULARA U KURIKULUME ZA SRPSKI JEZIK U SREDNjOJ ŠKOLI I NA UNIVERZITETU

Lipar ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol XXI (73) ◽  
pp. 203-216
Author(s):  
Jovana Milovanović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Language ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Academic Vocabulary ◽  
High School Curriculum ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Entrance Exams ◽  
University Level ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
The Given

This article discusses reception and production of academic vocabulary among native speakers of Serbian language. Academic vocabulary is one of the key elements of academic language competence, and a modest lexicon and underdeveloped academic language competence can cause problems in both comprehension and production. In this research, we used a vocabulary test consisting of 12 items taken from general culture entrance exams used at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade. The participants are BA students of French language at the Faculty of Philology, University of Belgrade, years 1-4. The participants were instructed to provide a synonym or a definition for each item, as well as a sentence containing the given word. The aim of this research is to highlight issues in comprehension of academic vocabulary and establish the influence of factors such as word etymology or university level on the success of the participants. We analysed the results and classified them in three categories: correct, incorrect and unanswered. The majority of participants successfully identified just half of the given words (in order of success: poliglota 95,76%, bestseler 92,37%, pacifista 66,10%, suveren 58,47%, prototip 57,63%, elokventan 56,78%). The success level for the other half of the items from the test was below 50% (in order of success: erudita 49,15%, hipokrizija 39,83%, nepotizam 22,03%, skrupulozan 18,64%, šprahfeler 10,17%, eksproprijacija 8,47%). The influence of etymology was analysed through a comparison of the results for six items of French/Latin origin with the results for the other six items which did not originate from Romance languages. This analysis shows that the participants had similar results in both groups of items, with three words from each group having above 50% of correct answers (suveren, elokventan, pacifista; poliglota, bestseler, prototip). Lastly, we examined success levels from year 1, year 2, year 3 and year 4 students and determined that the median of correct answers for each year does vary, but that there is no strong linear progression (median year 1=5, year 2=6, year 3=7, year 4=6). The results indicate a lack of knowledge of academic vocabulary and difficulties in identifying and manipulating this type of lexis. We believe it is necessary to integrate academic language skills, including academic vocabulary, in high school curriculum and introduce Serbian language as a subject at university level.

A Model of Secure Functioning of Computer Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
A. V. Galatenko ◽  
◽  
V. A. Kuzovikhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Finite Automaton ◽  
Nonnegative Integer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shannon Function ◽  
Security Breaches ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Given

We propose an automata model of computer system security. A system is represented by a finite automaton with states partitioned into two subsets: "secure" and "insecure". System functioning is secure if the number of consecutive insecure states is not greater than some nonnegative integer k. This definition allows one to formally reflect responsiveness to security breaches. The number of all input sequences that preserve security for the given value of k is referred to as a k-secure language. We prove that if a language is k-secure for some natural and automaton V, then it is also k-secure for any 0 < k < k and some automaton V = V (k). Reduction of the value of k is performed at the cost of amplification of the number of states. On the other hand, for any non-negative integer k there exists a k-secure language that is not k"-secure for any natural k" > k. The problem of reconstruction of a k-secure language using a conditional experiment is split into two subcases. If the cardinality of an input alphabet is bound by some constant, then the order of Shannon function of experiment complexity is the same for al k; otherwise there emerges a lower bound of the order nk.

Influence of Food and Larval Age on the Defensive Chemistry of Satumia pyri

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhold Deml
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Defensive Chemistry ◽  
Crataegus Monogyna ◽  
Secondary Compound ◽  
Influence Of Food ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given

Abstract Scolus secretions and hemolymph of caterpillars of Satumia pyri fed with two different foodplants (Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa) were chemically analyzed and their chemical similarities determined. The secondary-compound patterns obtained for the two body fluids showed no significant differences when compared between the two groups of alterna­ tively fed last-instar larvae. Thus, the composition of these fluids of full-grown caterpillars is not influenced by the larval diet. However, younger larvae on P. spinosa revealed a diversity of compounds differing significantly from that of larger caterpillars fed with either C. mono­gyna (both body fluids) or P. spinosa (hemolymph only). This indicates that, on the one hand, the hemolymph composition is adapted to the changing physiological requirements of the given instars whereas, on the other hand, the defensive mixtures remain unaltered in the late larval instars due to a constant spectrum of potential enemies.

Multidimensional regular C-fraction with independent variables corresponding to formal multiple power series

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 1853-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Dmytryshyn
Keyword(s):  
Power Series ◽  
Continued Fractions ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Classical Algorithm ◽  
Multiple Power ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given ◽  
Multiple Power Series

AbstractIn the paper the correspondence between a formal multiple power series and a special type of branched continued fractions, the so-called ‘multidimensional regular C-fractions with independent variables’ is analysed providing with an algorithm based upon the classical algorithm and that enables us to compute from the coefficients of the given formal multiple power series, the coefficients of the corresponding multidimensional regular C-fraction with independent variables. A few numerical experiments show, on the one hand, the efficiency of the proposed algorithm and, on the other, the power and feasibility of the method in order to numerically approximate certain multivariable functions from their formal multiple power series.

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