Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Patrick Inglis
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Lower Caste ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Software Technology ◽  
Limited Government ◽  
The World ◽  
Developing Societies ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Way

Thomas L. Friedman, an op-ed writer, has suggested that India, and the world, is flat, with many more opportunities available to poor and working-class Indians on account of innovations in software technology and telecommunications. Critics have largely panned this interpretation of globalization and its effects, typically citing growing inequality in India and across developed and developing societies alike. These same critics, however, ignore the way Friedman’s preferred and often widely adopted policy initiatives—privatization, deregulation, and limited government—actually draw rich and poor together, rather than pull them apart, as is often maintained. Poor and working-class individuals seek out the rich to provide support in the form of wages, interest-free loans, and other benefits unavailable in the society. The chapter draws on the case of poor and lower-caste golf caddies working at the side of wealthy club members in Bangalore to elaborate the limits and consequences of such relationships.

Search for Status

The Hoods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Hamill
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Class Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

This chapter explains the dominant features of working-class culture. In particular, the ways in which status and prestige can be gained among the adult male population, and the fact that the hoods are excluded from these paths to power, are explored. This chapter also examines the relationships between the hoods and the influence of their friends and associates on their offending. The analysis here is framed in terms of the understandings that both the hoods and ex-hoods either have or had of their antisocial behavior. Thus studying the world of the hoods in their own terms opens the way to an increased understanding of their behavior. In the process, the data revealed that rather than being anomic the hoods do adhere to a set of norms. The challenge remains to understand the hoods' subculture and make sense of their behaviors.

'Mission In Christ's Way': The Way of Which Christ?

Exchange ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-277
Author(s):  
Gnana Robinson
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Local Churches ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The Way

AbstractAll Churches and Missionary Movements in different parts of the world assert without hesitation that in all that they do, they follow the way of Jesus Christ. But the gross injustice in international economic dealings promoted by the so-called 'Christian Nations' in the world and the consequent widening of the gap between the rich and the poor in the world, the discrimination of people on the basis of creed, class, race and colour practised by many Christians and the power-struggle and corruption found in many local churches make the world wonder, the way of which Christ these Christians follow! The image of the Biblical Jesus is that of the Servant-leader, crowned with thorns, who emptied himself of all worldly riches, pomp and power and laid down his life as a ransom for many. Since the time of Emperor Constantine, this thorn-crowned servant Jesus is turned into a gold-crowned King, an anti-Christ with the face of 'Mammon', the idol of riches and power. Since one cannot worship God and Mammon at the same time, it is mandatory on the part of us all faithful Christians, to introspect ourselves and decide, the way of which Christ we want to follow.

scholarly journals Are We All ‘BBC Dad’ Now? What Covid19 Restrictions Reveal About Comedy, Class, Paid Work, Parenting and Gender

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-156
Author(s):  
Liz Giuffre
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Gender Politics ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Physical Restraints ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Way

The meme ‘BBC Dad’ first emerged in 2017 in response to an ‘embarrassing’ moment where a Professor was interrupted by his family during a live interview with BBC news TV. At the time the incident was circulated around the world as a curiosity, as the worlds of work, domestic (family) life and gender politics combined in a way that was apparently so unacceptable that it was comedic. The expectation was that the ‘victim’, the Professor, should somehow be ashamed of how his two roles as ‘professional’ and ‘parent’ had been shown to be in competition in that moment. Although this competition is often played out, especially by women and working-class workers, it is rarely shown in public, let alone discussed. However, during the global pandemic in 2020 many workers and parents are being placed in this situation and forced to juggle their dual responsibilities often in the same space and in real time. By asking ‘Are we all ‘BBC Dad’ now?’, this article questions how we consider those who conduct paid work and parent simultaneously, noting how previously accepted class and gender divides have shifted culturally as a result of the physical restraints posed by COVID-19 restrictions. The ’comedy’ that the original meme provided, and the way its meaning has shifted, shows how expectations have changed and hopefully how attitudes to normally hidden workers may also shift.

Eating Out

2020 ◽  
pp. 249-263
Author(s):  
Rohan McWilliam
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Addition ◽  
Eating Out ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Modern Form ◽  
The Way

The restaurant in its modern form was an important addition to the nineteenth-century urban landscape. It epitomized the new forms of metropolitan culture. The restaurant is explored here through the way in which it developed forms of commercial hospitality, which were in turn, integral to the discourses of the West End. Pleasure districts function partly through a discourse of hospitality which makes them inviting. Eating out was never just about the consumption of food; it was about the facilitation of forms of social interaction. The chapter looks at elite restaurants such as Romano’s on the Strand, which were crucial to the nightlife of the rich. It then looks at the way the West End developed food for the masses by delving into two business empires. First, it studies the world of Lyons catering, which established a hugely successful franchise of tea shops, starting in the West End. It then looks at the world of the Gattis, who owned cafeterias, music halls, and theatres. The Gatti’s restaurant on the Strand was a major West End venue which attracted middle-class diners in an opulent setting but with affordable prices.

scholarly journals KEEPING ON THE PATH IN FIVE POEMS BY ALICE WALKER

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ririn Rosada ◽  
Kurnia Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Black Woman ◽  
Alice Walker ◽  
Bell Hooks ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Area ◽  
The Way

This article is about the analysis of five poems by Alice Walker entitled Blessed Are The Poor In Spirit(BATPIS), If I was President(IIP), To Change The World Enough(TCTHE), Working Class Hero(WCH), You Want To Grow Old Like The Carter(YWTGOLTC)focuses on how the black woman who is represented by the speaker maintains her movement for a better life. The problem of this analysis is how far these poems exposes about the efforts of the speaker to get the position in the public area. The purpose of the analysis is to find out the way of the speaker to survive and achieve her goal. This analysis is involved the elements of poetry such as irony, imagery, tone and the speaker to reveal the issue of keeping on the path in these poems. This analysis is related to the concept of feminism by Bell Hooks. The result of this analysis shows that the speaker is able to keeping on the path for a better life .

Situating the Appeal of Fortnite Within Children’s Changing Play Cultures

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Carter ◽  
Kyle Moore ◽  
Jane Mavoa ◽  
Heather Horst ◽  
luke gaspard
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Young People ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
The World ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Way ◽  
Massively Multiplayer

Fortnite is a massively multiplayer online “battle royale” game that rapidly grew in 2018 to become one of the most popular digital games in the world, with a reported peak of 10.8 million concurrent players and 250 million registered players in March 2019. Based on 24 interviews with young people aged 9–14 (17 boys and 7 girls), this article sets out to provide an account of the appeal and experience of Fortnite. While it is impossible to pinpoint exactly why Fortnite has been such a phenomenal, global success, in this article, we argue that its appeal can be better explained by its intersections with YouTube and game livestreaming, the way the game acts as a vehicle for social capital and the performance of identity, and the rich sociality of play.

scholarly journals Polish History In the Sermons of Bl. Fr. Jerzy Popieluszko’s

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 289-300
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kamil Szczecina
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Guerrilla Warfare ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Historical References ◽  
The Way

There was a number of recurring themes appearing in Blessed Jerzy Popieluszko’s (1982–1984) sermons. Patriotism, however, is a chief one. The martyr priest wanted to form the national awareness, promote the love for the Country and present the Polish past. The historical examples include the 19th-century uprisings, the world wars, the Battle of Warsaw, the restoration of independence in 1918, The Warsaw Uprising, the anti-Soviet guerrilla warfare and the working-class strikes spanning till 1980. The preacher did not include the historical references just to present facts, although this would have made sense in the context of the Communist propaganda. The main purpose was to show to the fellow Poles the meaning of self-sacrifice and suffering as a price which had to be paid in the struggle for national liberty over centuries. Moreover, the preacher intended to keep up the spirits of the nation terrorised by the martial state and to give hope stemming from the religious and patriotic values. In Blessed Jerzy Popieluszko’s mind they would eventually pave the way towards Polish freedom and independence. 

scholarly journals Czas kolejowy

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-84
Author(s):  
Michał Jerczyński
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Local Times ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Central European ◽  
The World ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Way

Railway Time The inventions of the electromagnetic telegraph and the railroads significantly accelerated communication in time and space. It greatly influenced the way time was expressed and forced a change of centuries-old patterns and habits. It became necessary to gradually move away from local times (the average solar times of individual places) to the uniform time in the scale of entire countries, and then to the zone time. This process began in the 1830s on the railway and a few years later in the telegraph service, developing in parallel and in conjunction with the railroads. Initially, individual railway authorities adopted the same railway time on their networks (usually the capital time of a given country or the directorate’s headquarters). From 1884 until the first decade of the 20th century, culminating in the early 1990s, they gradually switched to zone time. Its introduction improved the work of railways, increased traffic safety, and made it easier for passengers to find their way around train timetables. Almost in parallel, since the mid-1860s, the process of switching from a twelve-hour count to a 24-hour count of time on the railways took place. In the rich literature devoted to time in its various aspects, few studies focus on the issues of organizing the measurement and expression of time on railways, and there are virtually no studies relating to railways in the present-day Polish lands which at the time operated under three different state authorities. The work aims to collect and systematize the facts that contributed to the process of introducing the 24-hour zone time on Central European railways and to present this process in the context of the world railways.

Becoming Politicized

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Barkas ◽  
Xenia Chryssochoou
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
Greek Society ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
Beliefs About The Future ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
The Way

Abstract. This research took place just after the end of the protests following the killing of a 16-year-old boy by a policeman in Greece in December 2008. Participants (N = 224) were 16-year-olds in different schools in Attiki. Informed by the Politicized Collective Identity Model ( Simon & Klandermans, 2001 ), a questionnaire measuring grievances, adversarial attributions, emotions, vulnerability, identifications with students and activists, and questions about justice and Greek society in the future, as well as about youngsters’ participation in different actions, was completed. Four profiles of the participants emerged from a cluster analysis using representations of the conflict, emotions, and identifications with activists and students. These profiles differed on beliefs about the future of Greece, participants’ economic vulnerability, and forms of participation. Importantly, the clusters corresponded to students from schools of different socioeconomic areas. The results indicate that the way young people interpret the events and the context, their levels of identification, and the way they represent society are important factors of their political socialization that impacts on their forms of participation. Political socialization seems to be related to youngsters’ position in society which probably constitutes an important anchoring point of their interpretation of the world.

Restrained Airs: The Diegetic Surface and Nondiegetic Depth of British Film Music

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-443
Author(s):  
Paul Mazey
Keyword(s):  
Film Music ◽  
The World ◽  
British Cinema ◽  
Film Making ◽  
The Way

This article considers how pre-existing music has been employed in British cinema, paying particular attention to the diegetic/nondiegetic boundary and notions of restraint. It explores the significance of the distinction between diegetic music, which exists in the world of the narrative, and nondiegetic music, which does not. It analyses the use of pre-existing operatic music in two British films of the same era and genre: Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949) and The Importance of Being Earnest (1952), and demonstrates how seemingly subtle variations in the way music is used in these films produce markedly different effects. Specifically, it investigates the meaning of the music in its original context and finds that only when this bears a narrative relevance to the film does it cross from the diegetic to the nondiegetic plane. This reveals that whereas music restricted to the diegetic plane may express the outward projection of the characters' emotions, music also heard on the nondiegetic track may reveal a deeper truth about their feelings. In this way, the meaning of the music varies depending upon how it is used. While these two films may differ in whether or not their pre-existing music occupies a nondiegetic or diegetic position in relation to the narrative, both are characteristic of this era of British film-making in using music in an understated manner which expresses a sense of emotional restraint and which marks the films with a particularly British inflection.

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