The Inheritors and The Nature of a Crime

This volume offers scholars the first authoritative text of two works produced collaboratively by two of the most important modern British novelists. Long hard to obtain and frequently neglected by critics, each can now be appreciated both in its own right and as part of the two authors' individual oeuvres. This scholarly edition situates both works in the context of the writers' meeting and ongoing collaboration, providing illuminating literary and historical references and detailing the works' composition history and reception in the UK and America. As well as establishing definitive texts of both works and of the authors' prefaces written for the 1924 republication of The Nature of a Crime, this edition also includes Ford's own 1924 account of his collaboration with Conrad on The Inheritors, as well as the text of Ford's 'The Old Story', a hitherto unpublished early draft of the basic plot of The Nature of a Crime.

Immigrant Gnosis: Making Work in the United States

This essay proposes a reflection on the curatorial work I did for the exhibition Comunidades Visibles: The Materiality of Migration, exhibited between February and May 2021, at the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, in Buffalo, New York. The exhibition brought together artworks by first- or second-generation immigrant Latinx artists. Each combines materials and techniques from their country of origin, from other colonized places, or from their present context with everyday or art historical references.

Iron Age construction and Early Medieval reuse of crannogs in Loch Awe, Argyll

Despite its influence on Scottish crannog studies, absolute dating evidence for activity on the crannogs of Loch Awe has been lacking. This paper presents previously unpublished radiocarbon dates from six crannogs in the loch. Of these, five sites have provided dates within the 1st millennium BC, confirming the existence of Iron Age crannogs in the loch – four of which may have been occupied contemporaneously. The dates fit in to the now widely appreciated pattern of occupation in the 1st millennium BC and later reuse in the 1st millennium AD. Using Bayesian statistical analysis, dating of the early medieval phase at Ederline Boathouse crannog was improved, with modelling suggesting occupation could have been limited to just a few decades of the second half of the 6th century AD. No evidence for activity after AD 900 was recovered, though the current number of samples analysed is small and high medieval activity is well attested on a number of islets on the loch through historical references and surviving structural remains. This broad chronological pattern is discussed and ide-as that promise avenues for future research in light of new, high-precision, chronological techniques are highlighted.

Ewolucja polskiego systemu wykroczeń — przez autorytaryzm do demokracji. Część 2

The authors of this study present the transformations of the Polish system of petty off ences law by discussing the normative shape and searching for optimal legislative solutions. The refl ections are based on historical references, by studying changes in this area of law, marked by many legal and practical issues. The historical approach facilitates on analysis of tendency which occurred in the process of developing the law of petty off ences, systemic influences on the organizational structures created within it, and the material and procedural shape. Historical threads include the basic conditions for the development of liability for petty offences, taking into account the assumptions of the inter-war period, through the times of authoritarianism to the present day. During the last century, the system of petty offences was considered as an area which searches for legal solutions to counteract administrative lawlessness or criminal lawlessness with less social noxiousness of the act that is subject to political requirements in various degree and controlled by the government. The wide scope of the presented issue entails necessity to separate two parts. First — including the period up to the 1970s, that is until the establishment of the Code of Petty Offenses 1971, and the second — to modern times, in which this Code is still in force.

Urban estates in Astrakhan of the late XVIII – early XX centuries: typological aspect

The subject of this research is the typological groups of urban estates in Astrakhan of the late XVIII – early XX centuries. The object is the peculiarities of urban estates in Russia of that time. The goal lies in studying the urban estates in Astrakhan of the late XVIII – early XX centuries from the perspective of their classification. The article touches upon the question of phenomenology of the Russian estate, the architecture and typology of urban estates in the Russian province, as well as the architecture of urban estates in Astrakhan. The research employs the general scientific method (analysis of the historical and logical), historical-architectural approach, and art history techniques for studying estates in urban environment and photographic evidence. The author also attracts historical references, archival and other documents on the topic. The theoretical framework is comprised of the works of M. B. Mikhaylova and E. I. Kirichenko on the estate construction in Russian cities; T. V. Vavilonskaya and G. G. Nugmanova on the classification of urban estates. The scientific novelty lies in outlining the typological groups of urban estates of Astrakhan from the perspective of their architectural and artistic characteristics, as well as social rank of the lords. It is established that the urban estates of Astrakhan are divided into wealthy estates of the merchants that are an artistic phenomena in the architectural image of the city; prosperous and middle-class of the merchants and officials oriented towards eclectic architecture; wooden estates of modest merchants and philistines that carry certain artistic value. The practical importance of this research consists in contribution to the creation of the holistic picture of the development of Astrakhan architecture.

Getting out of a mammalian egg: the egg tooth and caruncle of the echidna

In the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, after an initial period of in utero development, the egg is laid in the pouch and incubated for 10 days. During this time, fetuses develop an egg tooth and caruncle to help them hatch. However, there are only a few historical references that describe the development of the monotreme egg tooth. Using unprecedented access to echidna pre- and post-hatching tissues, the egg tooth and caruncle were assessed by micro-CT, histology and immunofluorescence, to map the changes at the morphological and molecular level. Unlike mammalian tooth germs that develop by invagination of a placode, the echidna egg tooth developed by evagination, similar to that of the first teeth in some reptiles. The egg tooth ankylosed to the premaxilla, rather than forming a mammalian thecodont attachment, with loss of the egg tooth post-hatching associated with high levels of odontoclasts, and apoptosis. The caruncle formed as a separate mineralisation from the adjacent nasal capsule, and as observed in birds and turtles, the nasal region epithelium expressed markers of cornification. Together, this highlights that the monotreme egg tooth shares many similarities with reptilian teeth, suggesting that this tooth is conserved from a common ancestor of mammals and reptiles.

The return of a forgotten harvestman: revalidation of Gonyleptes robustus Holmberg, 1876, as the second species of Acanthopachylus Roewer, 1913 (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae)

Gonyleptes robustus Holmberg, 1876 (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae), hitherto under the synonymy of Acanthopachylus aculeatus (Kirby, 1819) is revalidated. It is recognized as the second species of genus Acanthopachylus Roewer, 1913, currently monotypic, giving the new combination Acanthopachylus robustus (Holmberg, 1876) comb. nov. The huge synonymy formerly assigned to A. aculeatus is split among the newly identified entities. Diagnostic differences (male exomorphology) that underlie the taxonomic and nomenclatural decision are succinctly displayed. Brief historical references to the arachnological work of Eduardo L. Holmberg are also given.

Critically analysis of Shobasakthi Box Story Book

Shobashakti is one of the most important migrant creators of today's Eelam. He has created novels including Gorilla, M and BOX. This paper deals with BOX. The new day brings to the fore the geological and social and historical references to the village of Palankulam, the central domain of the story, and the various war-related situations of Eelam. This study reveals them critically. Moreover, the story is told under a separate title from Mayyakakatha to Forty in the novel. In addition, the final version of the story has been set up. Under some headings subsection symmesis sub-copies 1 and 2 are also included. The subsection of the subcopies is centered on the statement of the characters and the textual record of the heart queen and the text language record of Roman Bhaktadas are the new techniques and methods in the new system. They are also discussed in the article.

The problem of history in digital activism: Ideological narratives in digital activism literature

The past decades have generated a wealth of literature on digital activism. Even so, the phenomenon has been little historicised. This paper engages in a deconstructionist exercise on historical references in digital activism literature towards exploring implicit meaning-making in a symbolic-interactionist tradition. It identifies four distinct narratives: 1) a technology narrative [activism as technology-driven]; 2) a communications narrative [activism on the basis of communication options]; 3) an online-off-line narrative [activism based on an online-off-line dichotomy]; and 4) an engagement narrative [activism based on its affordances for public engagement]. The paper argues that these narratives contribute to a distinct, polysemic, and paradoxical understanding of digital activism as a phenomenon that is technologically driven (technological determinism), and both distinct to and enmeshed with traditional activism. In doing so, this narrative analysis shows a range of underlying ideological assumptions in digital activism study and conceptualisation, which informs how the phenomenon is understood today.