Global Burden of HIV/AIDS

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
R. J DiClemente ◽  
R. A Crosby ◽  
J. P Sims
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Transgendered People ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Aids Pandemic

Beginning with the observation that AIDS has a tendency to invade subpopulations within a nation that are the most marginalized, this chapter provides case examples of the epidemic within five different nations. Specifically, the authors discuss Lesotho, the United Kingdom, Thailand, Ukraine, and India. The chapter characterizes the vast differences that exist across the national HIV epidemics that comprise the AIDS pandemic. The authors examine specific vulnerable populations, such as sex workers, intravenous drug users, transgendered people, and men who have sex with other men. They also discuss the role of social conditions and social norms, such as women’s rights, not only in the spread of but also the treatment of HIV.

scholarly journals Paracoccidioidomycosis associated with acquired immunodificiency syndrome: report of seven cases

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Alencar Marques ◽  
Luciene de Oliveira Conterno ◽  
Luciana P. Sgarbi ◽  
Aurea Maria P.C. Villagra ◽  
Vania P.G. Sabongi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users ◽  
Focal Infection ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Syndrome Report

We report the clinical findings and evolution of seven patients (five men and two women), the majority of them intravenous drug users, with paracoccidioidomycosis associated to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In four of the patients the paracoccidioidomycosis was restricted to the lung and in the three others was generalized with cutaneous involvement. Only two of them had lived recently in rural area, an indication of the possible reactivation of latent focal infection in the other five patients. The recognition of the role of cell-mediated immunity in host defense against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis leds to the prediction of a growing occurrence of the paracoccidioidomycosis-AIDS association in areas that are endemic for these diseases.

Management of hospitalized intravenous drug users: Role of the internist

1994 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick G. O'Connor ◽  
Jeffrey H. Samet ◽  
Michael D. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users

scholarly journals EUROPAP: Promoting the health and wellbeing of sex workers in Europe

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (41) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ward ◽  
R Mak
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Hiv 1

Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are an occupational risk for people who sell sex, but most are very keen to keep themselves and their partners safe. Many people believe that sex workers have a high risk of and play an important role in transmission of STIs. Research in Europe over the past two decades has been important in countering this belief (1-3). Studies consistently show a high rate of condom use in commercial sex, and relatively low risks of HIV and other STI for women sex workers (2,3). A survey of 945 women sex workers in nine European cities in 1990-1 found an overall HIV-1 prevalence of 5.3%, associated with sharing injecting equipment, coming from a high prevalence area, and use of incompatible lubricants during sex. Women who did not inject drugs had a prevalence of 1.5% (1). Two cohort studies in Europe have shown a relatively low incidence of HIV infection (0.2 and 0.9 cases per 100 person years respectively in the United Kingdom and Spain) (2,4). Higher risks have been found in more stigmatised sex workers, including men who sell sex, transgenders, and injecting drug users (5,6).

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