Feverish Archives, Feverish Films

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-50
Author(s):  
Gustavo Procopio Furtado
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Werner Herzog ◽  
Indigenous Groups

Focusing on contemporary documentaries that deal with isolated indigenous groups in the Amazon, this chapter discusses a contact imaginary that was inaugurated by Pero Vaz de Caminha’s letter of “discovery” to the Portuguese king in the year 1500 and re-elaborated ad nauseam in a vast corpus of films documenting encounters with indigenous people. The “contact film” constitutes an archive of predictable and endlessly repeated original contacts and “first” encounters. During the course of the twentieth century, however, this documentary subgenre becomes increasingly troubled by its own history and the destructive consequences of contact. Inheriting a burdensome legacy, contemporary films approach the remaining borders of contact with isolated indigenous groups while evincing the crisis of this imaginary and its archives—as illustrated in works by Werner Herzog, Silvio Da-Rin, Vincent Carelli, and especially by the feverish, formal experimentations of Andrea Tonacci.

Instruments of Science or Conquest? Neocolonialism and Modern American Astronomy

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandra Swanner
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Sacred Lands

This essay is indebted to Mary Jo Nye’s scholarship spanning the history and philosophy of the modern physical sciences, particularly her efforts to situate scientists within their social, political, and cultural contexts. Beginning in the second half of the twentieth century, members of the Hawai‘i astronomy community found themselves grappling with opposition to new telescope projects stemming from the rise of environmental and indigenous rights movements. I argue that the debate over the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) can best be understood as an exemplar of “neocolonialist science.” For indigenous groups who object to science on sacred lands, science has effectively become an agent of colonization. As the TMT controversy illustrates, practicing neocolonialist science—even unknowingly—comes at a high cost for all parties involved. Although scientists are understandably reluctant to equate their professional activities with cultural annihilation, dismissing this unflattering neocolonialist image of modern science has both ethical and practical consequences: Native communities continue to report feeling victimized while scientists’ efforts to expand their research programs suffer social, legal, and economic setbacks. This essay is part of a special issue entitled THE BONDS OF HISTORY edited by Anita Guerrini.

Frontier Politics French, Portuguese and Amerindian Alliances between the Amazon and Cayenne, 1680–1697

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-90
Author(s):  
Silvia Espelt-Bombin
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Territorial Control ◽  
Colonial Frontier ◽  
Over Time

While the territory we know today as Guyane was in the end claimed by France, initial attempts to establish a colony there were unsuccessful for several reasons. Highly significant amongst these reasons were the attacks made by indigenous people on settlements which were already precarious. In interdisciplinary studies of the Guianese plateau, Neil Whitehead, Stéphen Rostain, Pierre Grenand and Françoise Grenand—amongst others—have discussed processes of tribalisation and the degree of influence that indigenous warfare had on the establishment and development of European enclaves in the region. Following and building on this existing research as well as drawing upon archival sources, this chapter addresses a small number of specific ‘frontier’ contacts, wars and alliances between different indigenous groups, the French and the Portuguese. By exploring these cases, the chapter sheds light on the negotiations of power that took place in the area over time. It addresses the question of how alliances changed over time depending on interests and circumstances. Rather than using these cases to define the ‘colonial frontier’ between Portugal and France in northeast South America, its aim is to focus on the degree and power of negotiation that the different indigenous groups had on territorial control.

Sabogal, José (1888–1956)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Berland
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Cultural Preservation ◽  
Definition Of

Long associated with the Peruvian ‘indigenista’ movement, Sabogal was lauded by the Marxist José Carlos Mariátegui as a truly ‘Peruvian painter’. The definition of the modern and historic concept of the meaning of Peruvian identity was constantly in flux in the early to the mid-twentieth century, and as such, the artist would fall in and out of favour with the various factions. However, Sabogal’s representation of the Indigenous people of Peru and his commitment to Peruvian history, including the inheritance of Incan culture, served as the beginning of a cultural preservation of this heritage, and engendered the reimagination of the ‘Indian’ by generations of Peruvian artists.

scholarly journals Creating the Aboriginal Vagrant

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Nettelbeck
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Colonial Society ◽  
Colonial Governance ◽  
Emergent Discourse ◽  
Over Time

This article considers how shifting programs of Aboriginal protection in nineteenth-century Australia responded to Indigenous mobility as a problem of colonial governance and how they contributed over time to creating an emergent discourse of the Aboriginal “vagrant.” There has been surprisingly little attention to how the legal charge of vagrancy became applied to Indigenous people in colonial Australia before the twentieth century, perhaps because the very notion of the Aboriginal vagrant was subject to ambivalence throughout much of the nineteenth century. When vagrancy laws were first introduced into Australia’s colonies, Aboriginal people were exempt from them as a group not yet subject to the ordinary regulatory codes of colonial society. Bringing them within the protective fold of colonial social order was one of the principal tasks of the office of ‘protection’ that was introduced into three Australian jurisdictions during the late 1830s. As the nineteenth century progressed and Aboriginal people became more susceptible to social order policing, a concept of Indigenous vagrancy hardened into place, and programs of protection became central to its management.

scholarly journals Museums and indigenous memory: the Katxuyana’s collections and the contemporaneity of musealized material culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-509
Author(s):  
Adriana Russi ◽  
Astrid Kieffer-Døssing
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Indigenous Memory ◽  
Ethnographic Collections

Currently, ethnographic collections are at the center of a debate about the new meaning of museum collections, which questions the actuality of the preserved material culture. These issues also refer to the promotion of otherness and protagonism of the ‘collected people’ in museums, which trigger the interest of both researchers and indigenous people. The same is happening with the collections of the Amerindian Katxuyana. These collections count more than 700 objects collected by different expeditions at different moments in time and the collections have been preserved for more than 50 years in European and Brazilian museums. Despite this long timespan the objects are material records from everyday life, rituals and festive moments, and they reveal a little about the life of this people in the first half of the twentieth century. Some parts of these collections have been the source of dialogical experiences between researchers and Katxuyana in order to evoke memories and knowledge. This paper describe a bit about this course of approximation between Katxuyana and the collections.

scholarly journals Inclusion of Indigenous workers in workplace mental health

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn A. O'Loughlin ◽  
Vicki L. Kristman ◽  
Audrey Gilbeau
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Workplace Mental Health ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Sharing Circles

PurposeThis paper highlights inclusion issues Indigenous people experience maintaining their mental health in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachUsing a grounded theoretical approach, five sharing circles were conducted with the Nokiiwin Tribal Council's community members to better understand inclusivity issues related to workplace mental health.FindingsFive themes emerged from the data related to enhancing inclusivity and workplace mental health for Indigenous workers: (1) connecting with individuals who understand and respect Indigenous culture; (2) respecting Indigenous traditions; (3) hearing about positive experiences; (4) developing trusting relationships and (5) exclusion is beyond the workplace.Research limitations/implicationsThe next step is to finalize development of the Wiiji app and evaluate the effectiveness of the app in helping Indigenous workers feel included at work and to improve workplace mental health. If effective, the Indigenous-developed e-mental health app will be promoted and its benefits for helping Indigenous workers feel included at work and also for providing accessible mental health resources, will be known. In the future, other Indigenous groups may be potentially interested in adopting a similar application in their workplace(s).Originality/valueThere is very little known about inclusivity issues related to Indigenous workers' maintaining their mental health. This paper identifies major issues influencing the exclusion and inclusion of Indigenous workers.

A 10-Point Plan and a Treaty: Images of Indigenous People in the Press in Australia and Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-76
Author(s):  
Michael Meadows
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Will ◽  
The Press ◽  
Reconciliation Process

The last decade of the twentieth century has seen some highly significant symbolic advances for Indigenous people in Australia and Canada representing golden opportunities for their respective governments to advance the reconciliation process. But the political will to capitalise on them has varied enormously. This paper focuses on two case studies drawn from Australia and Canada which look at Indigenous people's continuing struggle for land rights.

Treaty 6 Cree Annuity Spending in the Territorial Economy of Western Canada, 1873–1905

Ethnohistory ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-48
Author(s):  
George Colpitts
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Pass System ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Indigenous Movement

Abstract Before mass settlement occurred in Western Canada at the turn of the twentieth century, Indigenous people used treaty monetization and town spending to subvert the very forces of liberalism encouraged with the expansion of a colonial market economy. After 1880, the Cree of Treaty 6, in particular, chose to collectively spend their annuities in new towns to support traditional dances and ceremonies and, especially, to join together in large multiband gatherings. Despite increasingly restrictive government policies, particularly the pass system that limited Indigenous movement beyond reserves, town “Treaty Days” spending only declined in prevalence in the late 1890s when treaty annuities began quickly losing their extraordinary spending power.

Venezuela in the Twentieth Century

Venezuela ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Tinker Salas
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Viscous Substance ◽  
Gas Seeps

When was oil discovered? Petroleum and natural gas seeps, produced by fissures in the earth, dot the landscape in various regions of eastern and western Venezuela. The indigenous people labeled these occurrences menes, and they used the viscous substance to weatherproof structures,...

Knowledge Management as Enterprise

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (S1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cat Kutay
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The University

AbstractIndigenous people have been for a long time deprived of financial benefit from their knowledge. Campaigns around the stolen wages and the “Pay the Rent” campaign highlight this. As does the endemic poverty and economic disenfranchisement experienced by many Indigenous people and communities in Australia. Recent enterprises developed by Indigenous people, such as the sale of art works, can be seen as examples of people receiving remuneration for tangible products deriving from their knowledge. Also, tourism involves the sale of selected knowledge in context. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a rich and expanding area of enterprise development which supports the development of knowledge and its use in enterprise. While such work depends on the owner’s, or in this case Indigenous, control of the knowledge, it can open up new avenues for enterprise development. Knowledge about local land can be included in children’s computer games, knowledge about successful projects can be shared between communities through the immediacy and multimedia format afforded by online environments, and government reports and statistics can be accessed and analysed by Indigenous groups, given tools that suit a community’s abilities and needs. In particular the way in which ICT can be adapted to individual requirements make such tools ideal for communities which form such a varied and complex environment. The author believes it is important that Indigenous communities not only benefit from ICT by taking control of the technology for their purposes, but are also part of its creation and design to suit their aspirations. ICT is a highly flexible technology which can be tailored to many different enterprises. This paper presents some of the projects being developed at the University of New South Wales and suggests how these can be extended.

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