What Is Moral Grandstanding?

Grandstanding ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 13-42
Author(s):  
Justin Tosi ◽  
Brandon Warmke
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Moral Discourse ◽  
Left Wing

Drawing on empirical research from psychology, this chapter gives an account of moral grandstanding. Grandstanding is a contribution to public moral discourse that is significantly motivated by the desire that others think one is morally respectable. This chapter then answers several important questions about moral grandstanding. Must grandstanders think they are morally great? Do grandstanders always know that they are trying to impress others? Can grandstanders speak the truth? Does grandstanding work? Is grandstanding just a left-wing problem? And are the authors themselves grandstanding? The chapter concludes by explaining the differences between moral grandstanding and virtue signaling.

Grandstanding: A Field Guide

Grandstanding ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 43-66
Author(s):  
Justin Tosi ◽  
Brandon Warmke
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Moral Discourse ◽  
Moral Outrage ◽  
Field Guide ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Moral Qualities

Drawing on empirical research from psychology, this chapter shows what grandstanding looks like in public discourse and why it often takes the forms it does. When grandstanders pile on, they contribute to public moral discourse to proclaim agreement with something that has already been said or to join in a shaming brigade. When grandstanders ramp up, they make increasingly strong claims about the matter under discussion to impress others with their moral qualities. Grandstanders trump up when they try to show off their moral credentials by making up moral problems that don’t really exist. Grandstanders use expressions of strong emotions such as moral outrage to show off how good they are. Finally, grandstanders are often dismissive of others’ views, treating disagreement as a sign of moral disorder. The chapter concludes by explaining why there is no simple, foolproof way to tell whether someone is grandstanding.

scholarly journals A Short History of K-12 Public School Spending in British Columbia, 1970-2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-123
Author(s):  
Jason Ellis
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Expenditure Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spending Growth ◽  
Teacher Contracts ◽  
K 12

This article looks at fifty years’ worth (1970-2020) of public K-12 education expenditure data from the Canadian province of British Columbia. It asks if spending has increased or decreased in this period and examines the causes and correlates of spending changes. Previous research has tended to assume that spending has decreased during this “neoliberal” period. However, historical and empirical research in this article gives a much different picture. K-12 public education spending in British Columbia – adjusted for inflation – is 250 percent higher in 2020 than it was in 1970. Meanwhile, enrolment in 2020 is only 110 percent of 1970 enrolment. The main cause of spending growth is increase in the number of teachers the system employs, which depended in no small part on the British Columbia Teachers’ Federation (BCTF)’s successful attempts to negotiate class size and composition rules. Other causes of spending growth are provincial and district spending priorities. Successive provincial governments have tried to rein in education spending by legislating cost controls on district spending and teacher contracts but have seldom achieved reductions for long. Spending increases and attempts at cost control are at best only linked partially to governing party ideology, with right-wing and left-wing provincial governments both initiating years of increases and cutbacks. More empirical research is needed, especially into spending’s effects on educational equity and quality, to complete the picture of education finance in British Columbia.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Selecting the Optimal FM System for Children With Cochlear Implants

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Erin C. Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Speech Processor ◽  
System Input ◽  
Optimal Type

Children who use cochlear implants experience significant difficulty hearing speech in the presence of background noise, such as in the classroom. To address these difficulties, audiologists often recommend frequency-modulated (FM) systems for children with cochlear implants. The purpose of this article is to examine current empirical research in the area of FM systems and cochlear implants. Discussion topics will include selecting the optimal type of FM receiver, benefits of binaural FM-system input, importance of DAI receiver-gain settings, and effects of speech-processor programming on speech recognition. FM systems significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio at the child's ear through the use of three types of FM receivers: mounted speakers, desktop speakers, or direct-audio input (DAI). This discussion will aid audiologists in making evidence-based recommendations for children using cochlear implants and FM systems.

The Impact of Visual Feedback Type on the Mastery of Visuo-Motor Transformations

2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sülzenbrück
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Feedback Type ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact

For the effective use of modern tools, the inherent visuo-motor transformation needs to be mastered. The successful adjustment to and learning of these transformations crucially depends on practice conditions, particularly on the type of visual feedback during practice. Here, a review about empirical research exploring the influence of continuous and terminal visual feedback during practice on the mastery of visuo-motor transformations is provided. Two studies investigating the impact of the type of visual feedback on either direction-dependent visuo-motor gains or the complex visuo-motor transformation of a virtual two-sided lever are presented in more detail. The findings of these studies indicate that the continuous availability of visual feedback supports performance when closed-loop control is possible, but impairs performance when visual input is no longer available. Different approaches to explain these performance differences due to the type of visual feedback during practice are considered. For example, these differences could reflect a process of re-optimization of motor planning in a novel environment or represent effects of the specificity of practice. Furthermore, differences in the allocation of attention during movements with terminal and continuous visual feedback could account for the observed differences.

Which Data to Meta-Analyze, and How?

2019 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Voracek ◽  
Michael Kossmeier ◽  
Ulrich S. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Graphical Displays ◽  
Primary Data Analysis ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Data Analytic

Abstract. Which data to analyze, and how, are fundamental questions of all empirical research. As there are always numerous flexibilities in data-analytic decisions (a “garden of forking paths”), this poses perennial problems to all empirical research. Specification-curve analysis and multiverse analysis have recently been proposed as solutions to these issues. Building on the structural analogies between primary data analysis and meta-analysis, we transform and adapt these approaches to the meta-analytic level, in tandem with combinatorial meta-analysis. We explain the rationale of this idea, suggest descriptive and inferential statistical procedures, as well as graphical displays, provide code for meta-analytic practitioners to generate and use these, and present a fully worked real example from digit ratio (2D:4D) research, totaling 1,592 meta-analytic specifications. Specification-curve and multiverse meta-analysis holds promise to resolve conflicting meta-analyses, contested evidence, controversial empirical literatures, and polarized research, and to mitigate the associated detrimental effects of these phenomena on research progress.

Discipline Theory and Empirical Research Still Await Connection

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 453-454
Author(s):  
Henry S. Lufler
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research
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