Legacy

Bach ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 332-339
Author(s):  
David Schulenberg
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Indirect Influence ◽  
Musical Scores ◽  
The Family

Bach’s succeessor Harrer was already installed as cantor and music director at Leipzig, instituting a new musical repertory, by the time Bach’s estate was divided between his heirs several months after his death. This chapter considers Bach’s material legacy as well as the family, students, and music that he left behind. His possessions included musical instruments and books, as well as musical scores and parts that were distributed among his survivors. Three of his sons were important composers, directly influencing later ones such as Mozart. Indirect influence of later musicians, such as Beethoven and Chopin, stemmed especially from the dissemination and eventual publication of Bach’s works during the so-called Bach Revival, which began in the early nineteenth century.

Social Pretensions in Architecture and Ancestry: Hall House, Sawbridge, Warwickshire and the Andrewe Family

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
N. W. Alcock ◽  
C. T. Paul Woodfield
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Country Houses ◽  
Social Importance

That architecture makes social statements is obvious in grand buildings from Norman castles to country houses. In smaller houses, such statements are often muted by our ignorance of their historical context and their date. This paper examines a small but sophisticated medieval house in which the combination of precise dating and informative documentation surmounts simple architectural analysis, to reveal something of its social importance to the family who built it. In the early nineteenth century, the status of Hall House, Sawbridge, was the lowest possible. It belonged to the Sawbridge Overseers of the Poor and was rented to families receiving parish support; later it became farm labourers' cottages. Most of the stages in the decline of the elegant medieval house to this lowly state can be documented, and links established to the only family in fifteenth-century Sawbridge with pretensions to sophistication. These clues lead to the identification of John Andrewe as the builder of Hall House in 1449, and to the recognition of it as a concrete expression of a family pride that was also being fostered by the invention of a distinguished ancestry.

An Introduction to the Life of Conrad Martens

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Older Brothers ◽  
The Family ◽  
The City

The story of Conrad Martens begins in London in the early nineteenth century, when on 21 March 1801, a third son and fourth and youngest child was born to a merchant of German origins, J. Christopher Heinrich Martens, and his English wife, Rebecca née Turner. The family lived above their premises in the crowded old trading quarter of the city in a street called Crutched Friars, near the present day site of Fenchurch Street Station. ‘Having no taste for mercantile pursuits’, as Conrad Martens put it many years later, all three Martens boys became artists, despite the family's European traditions as merchants going back to the fifteenth century. Influenced by his older brothers, Conrad, at the age of sixteen, became a pupil of the well-known English landscape painter and teacher Anthony Van Dyke Copley Fielding.

scholarly journals “[We] had not the ties of blood to unite us”

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-484
Author(s):  
Beatrice Turner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
William Godwin ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Gothic Novel ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Cultural Anxieties

Beatrice Turner, “‘[We] had not the ties of blood to unite us’: Family Genius and Family Blood in William Godwin Jr.’s Transfusion” (pp. 457–484) This essay recuperates Transfusion; or, the Orphans of Unwalden (1835), the posthumously published and forgotten novel of William Godwin’s only son, William Godwin Jr. It argues that Godwin Jr.’s absence from Godwin-Shelley circle scholarship is a critical oversight given the complex personal and intellectual relationship between writing and family, which, as numerous critics have noted, defines this circle of authors. Attention to Transfusion reveals a Gothic novel expressly concerned with articulating a biological idea of the family, dramatizing the fatal consequences of “porous” family arrangements that transgress the absolute boundaries erected by blood. Godwin Jr. mobilizes early-nineteenth-century proto-evolutionary discourses and biomedical theories in order to reject the viability of socially constructed or affective familial structures, reflecting cultural anxieties about how to define the family and, ultimately, the species. However, the novel’s deterministic account of family relations appears also directly to oppose the contractual family ideal that characterized both how Godwin Sr. imagined the family and, to a lesser extent, how the Godwin-Shelley family constituted itself. I argue that Transfusion speaks directly to Godwin Jr.’s “outsider” position in the family, interrogating how the Godwin-Shelley family imagines itself and its family “canon,” and opens up opportunities for significant further work on this writing family.

Why Can’t Duddy Go Home Again?

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Gerald Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
The Family ◽  
Things Fall Apart ◽  
The Continuum

In the continuum of Canadian comic fictions reaching back to the early nineteenth century, in the academic context of its study, The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz is Mordecai Richler’s most important novel. That tradition contains three towering figures, their authors’ signature characters: Thomas Chandler Haliburton’s Sam Slick in The Clockmaker of 1836, Stephen Leacock’s Josh Smith in Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town of 1912, and Richler’s Duddy Kravitz of 1959. All three come to troublesome and troubling ends. In the final pages of Duddy Kravitz, things fall apart badly for Duddy. He has betrayed his surrogate family, comprising Yvette and Virgil, and refuses to go home in the family car. Regarding the refusal, neither Duddy nor the narrator answers father Max’s pointed “Why?” “Never mind why,” says Duddy. This essay minds why. It answers that Duddy may well have been planning to go back to Yvette for one more try at reconciliation, which would have been a momentous event. But he is distracted by a waiter’s offering to run a tab for him, thereby recognizing Duddy’s material success. Had Duddy gone home to Yvette and his only hope of return to true family, the novel would have ended comically rather than tragically. As it is, Duddy Kravitz is left slouching towards his useless old home with his hopeless family, homeless.

The ‘House’ and Zulu Political Structure in the Nineteenth Century

1993 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kuper
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political System ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

The rise of the Zulu power in the early nineteenth century has conventionally been treated as the outstanding example of a contemporary southern African process of ‘state-formation’, which was associated with revolutionary social changes. This paper advances an alternative view, that there were strong continuities with established forms of chieftaincy in the region, and in particular that the Zulu political system was based on a traditional, pan-Nguni homestead form of organization.The Zulu homestead was divided into right and left sections, each with its own identity and destiny. This opposition was mapped into the layout of ordinary homesteads and royal settlements. It was carried through into the organization of regiments. The homestead and its segments provided both the geographical and the structural nodes of the society. The developmental cycle of the homestead ideally followed a set pattern, creating a fresh alignment of units in each generation. The points of segmentation were provided by the ‘houses’, constituted for each major wife and her designated heir. Each of these houses represented the impact, within the homestead, of relationships sealed by marriage with outside groups, whose leaders threw their weight behind particular factions in the political processes within the family.

Provincial Life with Animals

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Local Color ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Village Life ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship of peasants and villagers with their animals in the premodern era is a missing chapter in the history of human-animal relations. Works on peasant culture ignore animals, and works on animals neglect their place in rural lives. This article, based on the depiction of premodern peasant and village life in hundreds of local-color novels and stories of the early nineteenth century, begins to fill in this gap in animal studies scholarship. It reveals that many of the defining boundaries between humans and animals introduced in the ideologies of modernity are fuzzy, fluid, or indeed nonexistent in premodernity, where animals are seen as subjects, companions, and, often, parts of the family.

A Different Kind of Speenhamland: Nonresident Relief in the Industrial Revolution

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Stephen Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Poor Law ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Family

“Speenhamland” is a word popularized by late nineteenth-century historians as a derogatory term for the systematic subsidization of laborers' wages by allowances paid from the poor rates. This system was thought to have flourished in southern and agrarian England in the early nineteenth century, the size of the allowances determined by the size of the family and the price of bread. The unwitting “villains” were the Berkshire justices who met at the Pelican Inn, located in a tithing of Speen Parish. Moved by corn dearth and a terrible winter, the justices on May 6, 1795, set in train the fatal hemorrhaging of the Old Poor Law that, in turn, led to the draconian Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834.Myth this may largely be, and it has been explored elsewhere; however, no one questions that subsidizing the employed from the poor rates, including allowances in aid of wages, occurred in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It is in this sense that “Speenhamland” is used here, but to suggest a radically different and mainly constructive consequence for British economic and social development.For subsidizing the employed poor, when it took the form of nonresident relief, could function as a kind of “Industrial Speenhamland” (freshly coined), to wit: a system of parochially funded labor migration that promoted a work force for expanding industries. This subsidization could include allowances in aid of wages as well as other welfare benefits in times of sickness and unemployment—all at the expense of the home parish or township, not of the places in which the factories and industrial workshops were located.

Protestantse Huisgodsdienst in Nederland in Het Begin Van De Negentiende Eeuw

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-323
Author(s):  
Jack De Mooij
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Family Worship ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Family ◽  
German Origin ◽  
The Common ◽  
Church Service

AbstractFamily worship, or family prayer, is a form of piety which was propagated in the Netherlands in the seventeenth century by the pietistic movement of the Nadere Reformatie. It was still propagated when in the early nineteenth century the theological climate had changed. In family worship the members of a family held a sort of church service together: they prayed together, sang and read from the Bible or an edifying book. Around the year 1800 many books were written for family devotion in the Netherlands, even by such prominent theologians as Clarisse and Van der Palm. Moreover, many translations of devotional books of German origin appeared. In this article family worship is described on the basis of three treatises published by Dutch societies, the orthodox Haagsch Genootschap, the 'evangelical' Nederlandsch Zendeling Genootschap, and the liberal Maatschappij tot Nut van het Algemeen. These treatises were written for the 'common man'. They show that in the early nineteenth century family worship was propagated because religion was seen as the guarantee of the happiness of the family, and of the prosperity of society in general. The concept of family worship was especially suited to the pervading culture of homeliness in the Netherlands of the early nineteenth century. In spite of the different background of the three societies, their treatises do not differ from each other very much.

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