Goddesses, a Whore-Wife, and a Slave

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Edith Hall
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
False Allegations ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
False Accusation ◽  
Miranda Fricker

This chapter argues that Phaedra’s false accusation of rape, laid against her stepson in Euripides’ tragedy Hippolytus, has contributed to the widespread belief that women frequently lay such false allegations. The classic status of this play, as of its famous adaptations by Seneca and Racine, has kept the story of Phaedra’s lie at the center of the cultural radar and produced many imitations in popular culture. The gender stereotype that women are unreliable witnesses and custodians of truth has, however, been challenged recently both by the philosopher Miranda Fricker and by campaigns against workplace sexual harassment. By making Phaedra in this play virtuous in other respects, compared with her portrayal in Euripides’ lost Hippolytus Veiled and that of Stheneboea in his lost Stheneboea, Euripides threw the spotlight sharply on her vindictive act of perjury. But when studying and performing these ideologically laden dramas, we must remember that they are fictions.

Women-Friendly Policies being adopted by Organizations: An Innovative aspect

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlesha Singh ◽  
Mrinalini Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
The Other ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
Workplace Barriers ◽  
Women In The Workforce ◽  
And Gender

Organizations are these days realizing the importance of women in the workforce and to tap that talent, organizations are now-a-days putting extra efforts. Workplaces were designed keeping men in mind and which has been intercepting women from continuing the competitive jobs and career along with the family responsibilities. On the other hand, there are various workplace barriers which are adding to the other problems. Women face several barriers at the workplace like sexual harassment, glass ceiling and gender stereotype.

scholarly journals Self-affirmation and False Allegations: The Effects on Responses to Disclosures of Sexual Victimization

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052098038
Author(s):  
Melissa S. de Roos ◽  
Daniel N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Sexual Misconduct ◽  
News Article ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
False Allegations ◽  
False Accusation ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
False Accusations

The rise of the #MeToo movement highlights the prevalence of sexual victimization and gives a voice to victims who may have been silent before. Nevertheless, survivors or victims of sexual violence who come forward may be blamed or not believed. These reactions are evident both with adult and child victims. Further, fears about false accusations of sexual misconduct may negatively impact responses to disclosures. This study aimed to examine gender differences in perceptions toward the #MeToo movement, and the extent to which these translate into a skeptical response to disclosure. Further, we wanted to explore whether proximity to false allegations of sexual violence was linked with more negative responses and whether use of self-affirmations may decrease the likelihood of such a response. Through an online survey ( N = 235) on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, we assessed participants’ exposure to and perceptions of the #MeToo movement. Further, we asked them about their proximity to sexual violence (victimization or perpetration) and to false allegations. Using a threat manipulation (news article about false accusation) and a self-affirmation exercise, we studied the effects of both variables on responses to disclosure. Results indicated that after reading an article about a false accusation, male participants were more likely to blame a victim of childhood sexual abuse and to perceive the abuse as less harmful, compared with female participants. Further, we found that self-affirmation was linked with more supportive responses to a disclosure. These findings highlight the threatening nature of false accusations of sexual violence for men, and how this threat may shape the narrative regarding sexual violence. Opportunities to use self-affirmation to change this narrative to a more supportive one are discussed.

scholarly journals Fanfiction: Morality Challenges in Hyperreality Worlds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellita Permata Widjayanti ◽  
Chaerul Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Fan Fiction ◽  
Sexual Fantasies ◽  
Moral Ethics ◽  
Using Data

In 4.0 era, in which popular culture is flourishing, fanfiction is experiencing rapid growth. Many fans write about their idols, characters in movies, anime, games, and TV series. They make simulations, create simulacra, and hyperreality. Unfortunately, there are many fan-fiction productions which have pornographic content that is not in accordance with Indonesian cultural norms and moral ethics. This then becomes a moral challenge for the nation, especially for the youth, as they have free access to the internet. This research aims to look the challenges of morality within fanfiction, explaining it through the theory of hyperreality by using data taken from popular fanfiction platforms. The results show that pornography contained in fanfiction poses a threat to the moral codes of teenage readers, and renders pornographic practices more common. Besides, the hyperreality fosters sexual fantasies, which may lead to sexual harassment, free sex, and deviant sex. Keywords: fanfiction, simulation, simulacra, hyperreality, pornography, morality

Feminism and Sexual Abuse: Troubled Thoughts on some New Zealand Issues

1996 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Guy
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
False Allegations ◽  
Radical Feminist ◽  
Unwanted Sexual Attention

An anonymous vigilante attack by six women on an Auckland University lecturer in 1984 took place in the context of ongoing feminist reframing of rape and sexual abuse. Most feminists’ responses to this incident assumed the man's guilt and uncritically accepted the allegations made against him. This was not surprising in view of the prescriptive radical feminist hegemony that prevailed in New Zealand throughout the late 1970s and 1980s. Recent feminist writings on sexual harassment have been more ready to grapple with the complexities and ambiguities of issues of sexuality and pedagogy – a shift that enables women to have a wider range of responses to unwanted sexual attention. Some of the earlier and problematic radical feminist notions about rape and sexual abuse have been absorbed into the treatment discourse, with some distressing consequences. In 1988 an over-zealous Christchurch doctor believed she had detected signs of sexual abuse in fifty-six children at a health camp. Her intervention resulted in some girls being removed from their families, even though they denied they had ever been abused. One New Zealand doctor, a pioneer in sexual abuse work in this country, has published a book documenting developments in this area, and expressing grave misgivings about over-intervention and false allegations of abuse. There are persistent attempts to discredit her concerns. However, there is a groundswell of public disquiet over some aspects of sexual abuse work, which cannot be dismissed as backlash.

Pathways to false allegations of sexual harassment

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
William O'Donohue ◽  
Adrian H. Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
False Allegations

Equality in the workplace: a study of gender issues in Indian organisations

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Kaushik ◽  
Anita Sharma ◽  
Veerander Kumar Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – In developing countries like India, changing economic and social condition necessitated working of women irrespective of their religion, class or social status. But at the same time, it raised number of related issues like managing for family adjustment, working environment, etc. The purpose of this paper is to study gender issues like gender stereotype, gender discrimination and sexual harassment in the context of Indian environment. Design/methodology/approach – A structured questionnaire was developed to collect primary data from 500 firms in India. The data collected through questionnaire was coded and tabulated keeping in context with the objective of the study and was analysed by calculating frequencies, factor analysis and one way analysis of variance. Findings – Results elucidate seven job-related factors (infrastructure, HR functions, organisational climate, legal pursuit, empowerment, training and development and ethical concerns) and two individual factors (interpersonal and mindset) that are considered essential for women employees in Indian organisations. Analysis indicates that though age and level of management has no significant effect on these factors but male and female respondents differ significantly on their opinion regarding these issues. Research limitations/implications – The respondents in present study have been taken mainly from service sector, manufacturing sector and education sector, thus the study looks at only organised sector. The research work suffers from the usual limitations of survey research method. Practical implications – With women becoming an integral part of the workforce, managers must examine their reliance on stereotypical views concerning women. Gender is a socio-cultural phenomenon and organisations are a key aspect of a given culture. Organisational analysis needs to take into account the relationship between gender, gender stereotypes and organisational life. Originality/value – The paper studies gender issues of gender stereotype, gender discrimination and sexual harassment on a pan India basis covering various sectors and contribute to the subject from Indian perspective.

Popular Culture, Gender and State Socialism: Zhenata dnes Magazine

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Vladimirova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
State Socialism ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Media ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Direct Reflection

This article deals with the discourse of popular culture during the state socialism in Bulgaria and especially with the media aimed at female audiences. The Zhenata dnes (The Woman of Today) magazine is a starting point for the topic of what are the concepts of gender within socialism and are they changing. During the Cold War, there was a widespread belief that media were a direct reflection of narrow ideological norms. However, the example of Zhenata dnes clearly outlines the permeability and flexibility of topics related to the emancipation of women. The magazine openly publishes letters from readers, as well as analyses criticizing the government for the unhappy fate of women. Dissent, feminism and Western themes. The magazine was disliked and warned in the period 1966‒1980 that it had gone beyond the ideologically acceptable limits, but nevertheless it still exists. How did popular media targeting women create their image in the society of that time? How did the government want to build their image and how is it achieved in the magazine, thanks to the progressive positions of its editors and authors?

Men Are Hierarchical, Women Are Egalitarian: An Implicit Gender Stereotype

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Schmid Mast
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Two Samples

The goal of the present study was to provide empirical evidence for the existence of an implicit hierarchy gender stereotype indicating that men are more readily associated with hierarchies and women are more readily associated with egalitarian structures. To measure the implicit hierarchy gender stereotype, the Implicit Association Test (IAT, Greenwald et al., 1998) was used. Two samples of undergraduates (Sample 1: 41 females, 22 males; Sample 2: 35 females, 37 males) completed a newly developed paper-based hierarchy-gender IAT. Results showed that there was an implicit hierarchy gender stereotype: the association between male and hierarchical and between female and egalitarian was stronger than the association between female and hierarchical and between male and egalitarian. Additionally, men had a more pronounced implicit hierarchy gender stereotype than women.

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