Ideal Citizens and Family Values

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-121
Author(s):  
Anna L. Weissman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Family Values ◽  
White Female ◽  
Maternal Identity ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
A Site

Motherhood is political, fundamental to the social (re)production of values, norms, and culture. This chapter shows how the institution of Motherhood, “family values,” and traditional gender roles have been coopted by the rhetoric of the nation and institutionalized by the state as a site of difference, (re)producing Insiders and Outsiders, exclusionary logics of collectivity, and embodied national boundaries. The chapter first identifies and defines “biological” reproductive difference as the foundation of traditional sex/gender roles, particularly emphasizing the focus on procreation in normative femininity. Reproductive difference is foundational to Western patriarchal society and its definitions of kinship, family, and sociopolitical belonging. I differentiate the patriarchal institution of Motherhood and the active “mothering,” showing how the institution of Motherhood privileges heterosexual, reproductive sex and essentializes the (cisgender/heterosexual) female body as necessarily reproductive. This normative maternal identity is racialized and can be seen through the politics of reproductive fitness. I examine this through an analysis of differences in sterilization laws and practices across the globe. Sterilization is accessible and/or enforced differently based on one’s identity; gender/sexual orientation, race, class, and ability dictate both historically and in modern society voluntary and involuntary sterilization practices. Ultimately, I demonstrate that one of the products of the institution of Motherhood is a normative model of raced female sexuality: a necessarily reproductive, white female sexuality.

Age and Gender in the European Contact Improvisation Community

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Hilde Rustad
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
European Contact ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Contact Improvisation ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender

Abstract This article examines issues related to age and gender within the European contact improvisation community (ECIC). In particular, my research interest is to find out more about experiences related to values in the dance genre of contact improvisation (CI), and how they relate to the values associated with democracy understood to be embedded in CI. From 2014 to 2017, I conducted interviews with seven persons who are CI dancers and teachers from different European countries. The interview material shows that a double set of values is communicated in the ECIC: one that is taught, spoken, written and understood to be holding on to and embodying ’the social ideologies of the early ’70s which rejected traditional gender roles and social hierarchies’ (Novack, 1990, 11) and a second set in which traditional gender roles and social hierarchies are active and experienced by European CI dancer-teachers and dancers when participating in CI events.

Socio-Cultural Barriers of Female Ex-Combatants' Social Re-Integration in Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
pp. 213-223
Author(s):  
Kana Takamatsu
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Social Reintegration ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

This chapter identifies the post-conflict social barriers to the social reintegration of female ex-combatants. This study refers to the case of Sri Lanka concerning the conflict between the government of Sri Lanka and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) that ended in 2009. During the conflict, the LTTE actively recruited female combatants, and women consisted of a significant number of the entire LTTE combatants. However, after the end of the conflict and even today, many of them are rejected by the community. First of all, the LTTE was fighting for Tamil's independence, but Tamil's community has expressed mixed opinions toward the LTTE. Second, female ex-combatants were then and are now a divergence from the gender norms of their society. Third, from their roles in the conflict, female ex-combatants experienced an indelible change in their ideas through the conflict and observed themselves as capable of being independent women. Consequently, they felt a high level of resistance to returning to traditional gender roles.

From Subversion to Liberation: Homosexuals and the Immigration Act 1952–1977.

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Girard
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Sex Roles ◽  
Political Dissent ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Cold War

Historians of the Cold War have tended to focus on the repression of political dissidents during that period, but only recently has attention been shifted to the simultaneous suppression of other types of non-conformity, such as sexual variance and non-traditional gender roles. Parallel to the repression of internal political dissent which accompanied the international Cold War, another, more subtle, campaign was proceeding. This was the attempt to re-establish the social order, based on family life and traditional sex roles, which the war had tended to undermine.

scholarly journals Representation of Gender Roles in Koirala’s Narendra Dai

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Asmita Bista
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Gender Theory ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Policing ◽  
Over Time

 Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala‟s novel Narendra Dai is replete with gender issues of the then society that has marked its relevance even at the present time. This article examines how this novel has explored the concept of gender as a per formative entity; and shows that the characters perform the traditional gender roles because of the strict socio-cultural obligations. It also examines while performing the traditional gender roles, how the lives of these characters get affected. For that Judith Butler’s idea of gender theory has been used. Butler proposes theory of gender as a constant performance: a series of cues observed, internalized, and repeated over time. The significance of this study is to contribute a different perspective for the reader to see Narendra Dai because in this novel, Koirala has shown that since the characters cannot go against the social norms, they perform traditional gender roles via social policing and polishing. The study concludes that these characters define the socially prescribed gender roles because gender is socio-political construction that achieves legitimacy and naturality via perpetual observation and repetition.

scholarly journals The Play of Gender Roles in Sheeba Shah’s Facing My Phantoms

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Asmita Bista
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Historical Document ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
The Social ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Maoist Movement ◽  
Human Attributes

Setting the novel in different time-periods (Rana regime, Panchayat System and Maoist movement), Sheeba Shah’s Facing my Phantoms has depicted the condition of Nepali males and is considered a historical document. This article aims to examine the factors that constrain the male characters to traditional and anti-traditional gender roles. It also studies the consequences faced by the characters while performing and defying gender stereotypes. To address this objective, Butler’s and Connell’s ideas have been used as they have claimed that masculinity and femininity like any other human attributes are fluid; in fact, it is constantly reconstructed in response to socio-political changes under the pressure of social norms. According to Butler, gender is something that is not a corporeal thing, but it is reproducing, changing, and moving. The significance of this article is to find insights in understanding the condition of males in the Nepali society. It concludes that the male characters of Shah’s novel oscillate between traditional and anti-traditional gender roles. Under the social pressure, they perform the roles of an assertive and authoritative father, aggressive and ruthless lover/husband, and rational and responsible son. Likewise, when they get influenced by socio-political changes, they fail to stick to stereotypical gender roles. Consequently, they appear in the emotional, docile, dependent, confused, and unassertive roles.

scholarly journals Identity construction through gendered terms of addresses in Korean

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Sunwoo Jeong ◽  
Seong-hyun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The Social

How should a speaker call a hearer? In this paper, we present an experimental study which probes the social and interactional meaning of Korean gendered terms of addresses (GTAs: unnie, oppa, noona, hyung). GTAs prescriptively index genders of both interlocutors, but are beginning to be used in ‘gender- mismatch’ patterns. Based on the experimental results, we argue that both the prescription conforming and the ‘mismatching’ uses of GTAs are each associated with unique, complex webs of meanings which track the shifting gender ideologies in Korea. In particular, mismatching uses of GTAs are shown to often function as speakers’ strategy to break away from established gender norms, including traditional gender roles and the sexualization of female-male relations.

scholarly journals Negotiating the female successor–leader role within family business succession in China

2020 ◽  
pp. 026624262096071
Author(s):  
Huiping Xian ◽  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Maura McAdam
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Business Succession ◽  
Leader Role

This article explores the approaches of identity construction used by Chinese daughters while negotiating the successor–leader role within family businesses. A qualitative interpretivist approach was adopted to understand daughter views on gender, family business leadership and succession, as well as the approaches adopted to negotiate the role of female successor/leader in the Chinese family business. Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with both actual and potential female successors. Three approaches of identity construction emerged based on the degree of conformity to traditional gender roles and Confucian family values: first, to abide by conventional gender expectations and perceive themselves as a temporary leader; second, to act as the ‘second leader’ and remain involved in decision making and third, to challenge conventional gender roles and strive to be an independent leader. This article contributes to debates on women in family business and gendered identity construction of daughters in family business in the Chinese context.

Dal bambino libero all'uomo autonomo: educare alla scelta attraverso il metodo Montessori

2020 ◽  
pp. 329-341
Author(s):  
Grazia Romanazzi
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
School Grades ◽  
The Social ◽  
Montessori Method

Freedom, autonomy and responsibility are the ends of every educational process, especially in the modern society: globalized, rapid, in transformation; society in which each one of us is called to make numerous choices. Therefore, it is urgent to educate to choose and educate to the choice, so that young people can emancipate themselves from possible conditionings. To this end, the Montessori method represents a privileged way: child is free to choose his own activity and learns "to do by himself" soon; the teacher prepares the environment and the materials that allow the student to satisfy the educational needs of each period of inner development. Then, Montessori gives importance to adolescence because it is during this period that grows the social man. Consequently, it is important to reform the secondary school in order to acquire the autonomy that each student will apply to the subsequent school grades and to all areas of life

Enforcing Performance: Disciplining Girls in British Co-educational Boarding School Stories, 1928–58

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138
Author(s):  
CLARE HOLLOWELL
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Educational Setting ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
School Stories ◽  
School Story ◽  
Girls School ◽  
A Site

This paper examines girls and power in British co-educational boarding school stories published from 1928 to 1958. While feminist scholars have hailed the girls’ school story as a site of potential resistance to constricting gender roles, the same can not be said of the co-educational school story. While the genres share many tropes and characterisation, the move from an all-female world to a co-educational setting allows the characters access to a narrower range of gender roles, and renders the female characters significantly less powerful. The disciplinary structures of the co-educational schools, mirroring those in real life, operate in a supposedly progressive manner that in fact removes girls from access to power.

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