America at War: 2003–2005

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Threat ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
The Us ◽  
Invasion Of Iraq ◽  
Intelligence Failures

Robert Hutchings arrived as chairman just a month before the US invasion of Iraq, a move that he privately felt was a major mistake, for reasons that proved all too accurate. Once combat operations gave way to a heavy-handed US occupation regime, the analysis the NIC provided—that the anti-American insurgency was intensifying, and that this was because of the occupation itself—was badly received by policymakers. Such can be the consequences of telling truth to power. Moreover, when no WMD were found in Iraq, criticism mounted, some of it justified but some pure scapegoating. The perceived “intelligence failures” of 9/11 and Iraqi WMD crystallized in pressure toward major reforms to US intelligence. Nonetheless, during this period the NIC did seminal work in reassessing the nature of the terrorist threat and in producing the pathbreaking report, Mapping the Global Future, the newest iteration of the Global Trends series.

The Trauma of 9/11: 2001–2002

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-104
Author(s):  
John L. Helgerson
Keyword(s):  
September 11 ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Terrorist Threat ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Us Intervention ◽  
Invasion Of Iraq ◽  
Intelligence Officer

John Helgerson’s tenure began just six weeks before the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The terrorist threat had been the subject of major analyses produced during John Gannon’s tenure; it became the overwhelming priority after 9/11. Helgerson describes the early responses as well as the longer-term analyses of the evolving terrorist threat and the new landscape of counterterrorist cooperation with traditional allies and former adversaries alike. The US intervention in Afghanistan to topple the Taliban regime gave way to a new focus on Iraq. The ostensible rationale for the invasion of Iraq was a controversial national intelligence estimate on Iraqi weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Although the NIE was published in the interval between Helgerson’s tenure and his successor’s, the chapter assesses the estimate and the decision to go to war in Iraq through the analysis of National Intelligence Officer Paul Pillar, who straddled both tenures.

A corpus-based investigation of techno-optimism and propositional certainty in the National Intelligence Council’s ‘Future Global Trends Reports’ (2010–2035)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-57
Author(s):  
Jamie McKeown
Keyword(s):  
Global Trends ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Ideological Bias ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Global Peace ◽  
Discursive Representations

This article reports the findings from a study of discursive representations of the future role of technology in the work of the US National Intelligence Council (NIC). Specifically, it investigates the interplay of ‘techno-optimism’ (a form of ideological bias) and propositional certainty in the NIC’s ‘Future Global Trends Reports’. In doing so, it answers the following questions: To what extent was techno-optimism present in the discourse? What level of propositional certainty was expressed in the discourse? How did the discourse deal with the inherent uncertainty of the future? Overall, the discourse was pronouncedly techno-optimist in its stance towards the future role of technology: high-technological solutions were portrayed as solving a host of problems, despite the readily available presence of low-technology or no-technology solutions. In all, 75.1% of the representations were presented as future categorical certainties, meaning the future was predominantly presented as a known and closed inevitability. The discourse dealt with the inherent uncertainty of the subject matter, that is, the future, by projecting the past and present into the future. This was particularly the case in relation to the idea of technological military dominance as a guarantee of global peace, and the role of technology as an inevitable force free from societal censorship.

A review of contemporary inhalation sedation guidelines and regulations related to treating children

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Rajan ◽  
DJ Manton ◽  
N Bhujel
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Paediatric Dentistry ◽  
Safe Practice ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Inhalation Sedation ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk

Inhalation sedation (IS) with nitrous oxide (N2O) is classified as minimal sedation. In paediatric dentistry, IS works well for mildly anxious but potentially cooperative children, reducing the need for general anaesthesia for simple dental procedures. We review contemporary guidelines relating to ISN2O in Australasia, the UK, Europe and the US. As this is a multispecialty area, with differences in laws, regulations, guidance and governance from country to country, this review aims to illuminate global trends and assist with the designing of local regulations for the safe practice of ISN2O.

scholarly journals The myths and mysteries of leadership in higher education

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 221258682110062
Author(s):  
Leo Goedegebuure
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Universities And Colleges ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
Leadership Management ◽  
Leadership In Higher Education ◽  
The Us ◽  
Ultimate Question ◽  
And Performance

In his seminal work “How Colleges Work” Bob (Robert) Birnbaum poses the ultimate question on the paradox of universities and colleges in the US. How comes, he asks, is it that they are amongst the largest industries in the country with an unparalleled reputation for diversity and quality, but are also regarded as poorly managed. In this paper I explore the evidence for a relationship between leadership, management and performance, or not.

Atrocity victimization and the costs of economic conflict crimes in the battle for Baghdad and Iraq

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hagan ◽  
Joshua Kaiser ◽  
Daniel Rothenberg ◽  
Anna Hanson ◽  
Patricia Parker
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
The Us ◽  
Economic Conflict ◽  
The City ◽  
Domestic Law ◽  
Invasion Of Iraq

Economic conflict crimes are defined in this paper as violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, as well as domestic law, associated with military and political conflict and producing significant monetary as well as other forms of suffering for civilians. Criminologists are well positioned by disciplinary emphasis to document and explain military and political violence resulting in economic conflict crimes. Criminal victimization associated with the US-led invasion of Iraq imposed an enormous toll on civilians. Yet there is little attention by criminologists or others to the profound economic costs to Iraqis, whether through lost property, life, or opportunities. We cautiously estimate that the economic losses for households in the city of Baghdad alone were almost US$100 billion, and more than three times this amount for the entire country, with Sunni groups experiencing significantly greater losses than others. So far as we know, our article presents the first estimates of civilian losses from economic conflict crimes that followed the US-led invasion of Iraq. These losses were widespread and systematic, the hallmarks of crimes against humanity.

Loosing soft power in hard places

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Munslow ◽  
Tim O'Dempsey
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
First Century ◽  
Humanitarian Emergencies ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Us ◽  
International Attention ◽  
Invasion Of Iraq

The US choice of a misdirected target of priority concern, a ‘War on Terror’, combined with the use of hard power to the absolute detriment of soft power has undermined the enlightenment values that had begun to flourish in the form of humanitarian policies, values and laws which could have informed international cooperation and development in the twenty-first century. The US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003 has had serious implications for humanitarianism worldwide, has provided a huge propaganda victory to Islamic extremists, and has diverted international attention and resources from major humanitarian emergencies elsewhere and from today's most significant threat to human survival, global climate change.

Abstract 12276: The Changing Landscape of Ventricular Assist Device Utilization in Children Bridged to Transplant: The “Revolution” Begins

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chet R Villa ◽  
Muhammad S Khan ◽  
Farhan Zafar ◽  
Jonathan W Byrnes ◽  
David L Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Assist Device ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Bridge To Transplant ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Us ◽  
Implantation Techniques ◽  
Care Practices

Introduction: Growing clinical experience and innovative implantation techniques have allowed individual pediatric centers to push the boundaries of VAD use. However, data describing the global trends in VAD utilization are lacking. We sought to assess temporal trends in the use of VADS as a bridge to transplant in children across the US. Methods: Children <18 years listed for heart transplant 1/2006-6/2014 who were bridged with a VAD were identified in the UNOS database. Patients were stratified by era (Early: 2006-2010, Current: 2011-2014). Descriptive statistics were used to assess trends. Results: Of 3986 patients listed, 589 (15%) received a VAD as bridge to transplant during the study period. The percentage of patients bridged with a VAD increased in the current era (12% vs. 18%, p<0.001), while both durable cfVAD use and waitlist times increased (Table). Children < 25 kg continue to be bridged to transplant almost exclusively with pulsatile devices while 95% of patients ≥ 25 kg were bridged with a cfVAD in 2014 (Figure). Conclusions: The current era has seen a 1.5-fold increase in the percentage of children bridged to transplant with a VAD as well as a 3-fold increase in the percentage of patients bridged with a durable cfVAD in patients > 25 kg. The emergence of cfVAD technology in an era of increasing waitlist times, raises the prospect of a dramatic increase in the number of children discharged from the hospital while supported with a cfVAD. This underscores the need to rapidly define pediatric specific best care practices in outpatient VAD management.

Globalisering in popmuziekhitlijsten in negen landen, 1960-2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Verboord ◽  
Amanda Brandellero
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Pop Music ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Cultural Globalization ◽  
Star Power ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Cultural Proximity ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Media Systems

Going global. Trends in pop music charts 1960-2010 Going global. Trends in pop music charts 1960-2010 This paper studies the cultural globalization of pop music by (a) describing trends in pop music single charts in nine countries in the period 1960-2010, and (b) explaining global success using a double comparative design in which multiple origin groups are observed in multiple destinations. Our explanatory analyses thus comprise country level data (degree of cultural centrality of music industry, cultural proximity, media systems, political context, GDP, population size) and artist level data (language, star power) which affect global flows of pop music. The results show that pop charts are increasingly globalizing, with the exception of the US. Centrality of production in the origin country is highly important, yet after 1990 many European countries also host more domestic music. In addition, we find clear effects of cultural proximity. Artists’ star power as well as the language they perform in also impacts global success.

scholarly journals The Use of Force in International Law

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
Extensive Coverage ◽  
The Us ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Complex Question ◽  
Invasion Of Iraq

The international law on the use of force is one of the oldest branches of international law. It is an area twinned with the emergence of international law as a concept in itself, and which sees law and politics collide. The number of armed conflicts is equal only to the number of methodological approaches used to describe them. Many violent encounters are well known. The Kosovo Crisis in 1999 and the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003 spring easily to the minds of most scholars and academics, and gain extensive coverage in this text. Other conflicts, including the Belgian operation in Stanleyville, and the Ethiopian Intervention in Somalia, are often overlooked to our peril. Ruys and Corten's expert-written text compares over sixty different instances of the use of cross border force since the adoption of the UN Charter in 1945, from all out warfare to hostile encounters between individual units, targeted killings, and hostage rescue operations, to ask a complex question. How much authority does the power of precedent really have in the law of the use of force?

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