Segregation, Innocence, and Gender Construction

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-106
Author(s):  
Tom O’Donoghue ◽  
Judith Harford
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Gender Construction ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Church

The Catholic Church ensured its teachers operated the secondary schools in such a manner that the sexes were segregated. That it did partly because of its view that if there were not appropriate safeguards, young people would readily engage in sexual relations before marriage, a practice considered gravely sinful. Thus, it promoted single-sex education to minimize threats in this regard. Equally, it promoted it to perpetuate the domestication of women and to encourage students, both male and female, to join the religious life, a matter dealt with in detail in the next chapter. For the same reasons, the Catholic bishops and the schools’ authorities also frowned on the provision of sex education. The Church also operated the secondary schools to construct as it desired those Irish Catholic males and females it recognized were not going to enter religious life.

The Learning and Educational Capital of Male and Female Students in STEM Magnet Schools and in Extracurricular STEM Programs: A Study in High-Achiever-Track Secondary Schools in Germany

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidrun Stoeger ◽  
Teresa Greindl ◽  
Johanna Kuhlmann ◽  
Daniel Patrick Balestrini
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Magnet Schools ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Magnet School ◽  
School Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
High Achiever ◽  
Educational Capital ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Talented Students

Magnet schools focused on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) as well as extracurricular programs in STEM support talented students and help increase their participation rates in those domains. We examined whether and the extent to which the learning and educational capital of male and female students ( N = 801) enrolled in high-achiever-track secondary schools in Germany with and without a STEM focus differed. We found both school and gender differences for some types of learning and educational capital but no interaction effect of type of school and gender. We also assessed the relationship between school status as a STEM magnet school, students’ gender, and students’ learning and educational capital, on the one hand, and registration for a 1-year extracurricular program in STEM, on the other hand. Students enrolled in high-achiever-track STEM magnet schools, as well as male students, were more likely to register for the extracurricular program. Some types of learning and educational capital also predicted registration in a regression analysis.

Gender and the underexpression of friendliness in the service context

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Luong
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Double Bind ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Relational Aspect ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe double-bind hypothesis proposes that gender-based stereotypes of emotion expression exist, which effect how males and females are evaluated. Using videotapes depicting transactions between male/female employees and customers, the current study examined whether the double-bind hypothesis occurs within a service context. Participants (N = 141) who viewed a male and female service employee expressing friendly or non-friendly emotion evaluated the employees and rated their sincerity. Results provided partial support for the double-bind hypothesis. When service employees failed to express friendly emotion, the female was more negatively evaluated. However, evaluations and ratings of sincerity were not significantly different when both genders expressed friendly emotion. These findings suggest that employees occupy both work and gender roles, and expectations of each role will influence how their emotional expressions are evaluated. Gender of participants also effected service evaluations. Consistent with prior research, females focus more on the relational aspect of service than do males.

scholarly journals Pedofilia: reflexões a partir de escândalos recentes

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (278) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Antônio Moser
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Sexual Deviations ◽  
The Church ◽  
Large Investment ◽  
The Catholic Church

Uma onda de denúncias de pedofilia no clero, mormente no contexto anglo-saxônico colocou a Igreja numa situação muito difícil. Diante disto, convém agir com discernimento, aceitando os fatos, mas também tentando redimensioná-los. A pedofilia não é, evidentemente, um problema existente só dentro da Igreja, nem é um problema isolado: ele se articula com uma sociedade sexual e socialmente desarticulada. O acirramento da genitalidade parece estar na raiz deste e de outros desvios sexuais. Diante deste mundo de sombras, impõe-se uma revisão das estruturas formativas do clero e da vida religiosa, mas sobretudo, se impõe um investimento grande em termos de educação para o amor.Abstract: A wave of denouncements of pedophilia in the clergy, chiefly in the Anglo-Saxon context, put the Catholic Church in a very difficult situation. Facing this, it be best to act with discernment, accepting the facts, but also trying to reproportion them. Pedophilia is not, evidently, a problem which only exists within the Church, nor is it an isolated problem: it is linked to a society which is sexually and socially disjointed. The incitement of the genitality seems to be at the root of this and other sexual deviations. Standing before this world of shadows, a revision in the formative structures of the clergy and the religious life is urgent, but above all, a large investment in terms of education for love.

The Laywoman Project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J. Henold
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Modern World ◽  
National Council ◽  
New Era ◽  
Church Hierarchy ◽  
Catholic History ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Church

Summoning everyday Catholic laywomen to the forefront of twentieth-century Catholic history, Mary J. Henold considers how these committed parishioners experienced their religion in the wake of Vatican II (1962–1965). This era saw major changes within the heavily patriarchal religious faith—at the same time as an American feminist revolution caught fire. Who was the Catholic woman for a new era? Henold uncovers a vast archive of writing, both intimate and public facing, by hundreds of rank-and-file American laywomen active in national laywomen’s groups, including the National Council of Catholic Women, the Catholic Daughters of America, and the Daughters of Isabella. These records evoke a formative period when laywomen played publicly with a surprising variety of ideas about their own position in the Catholic Church. While marginalized near the bottom of the church hierarchy, laywomen quietly but purposefully engaged both their religious and gender roles as changing circumstances called them into question. Some eventually chose feminism while others rejected it, but most, Henold says, crafted a middle position: even conservative, nonfeminist laywomen came to reject the idea that the church could adapt to the modern world while keeping women’s status frozen in amber.

scholarly journals Gender in educational and public discourse of the Church. Analysis of the Pastoral Letter on the Feast of the Holy Family

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kasiak
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Educational Discourse ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Pastoral Letter ◽  
Family Culture ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Church

Kasiak Mateusz, Gender in educational and public discourse of the Church. Analysis of the Pastoral Letter on the Sunday of the Holy Family. Culture – Society – Education no 2(16) 2019, Poznań 2019, pp. 289–312, Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-0422. DOI 10.14746/kse.2019.16.19. Gender as a category of cultural gender and gender identity appears not only in scientific discourse as a topic of research, but also in public discourse, as a subject of various debates and disputes. This concept was also included into the discourse of the Catholic Church. Its creators – church leaders – embarked upon a public reinterpretation of the concept of gender, thus inserting their point of view into the broader political and ideological dispute. The aim of this paper is to review the postulates of the church concerning gender in the Pastoral Letter on the Feast of the Holy Family, which seems to be a leading programme paper concerning this issue. In this paper, gender as a research and scientific category is isolated from the scientific discourse and appropriatedby the educational discourse of the church, where it functions as a scare tactic. Structural modifications in the text and style of the letter, stylistic and rhetorical tricks, as well as pragmatic mechanisms, make the text of the pastoral letter a persuasive political argument.

scholarly journals Sexuality and Gender Diversity in the Liberal Catholic Discourse in Poland in the Pastoral Perspective

Open Theology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 368-387
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Laddach
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Sexual Revolution ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Church

Abstract One of the most important questions in the Roman Catholic Church is the question of sexual and gender diversity. Therefore, the article presents the results of qualitative and quantitative content analysis of the Catholic sociocultural periodical Więź (Bond) from 2007 to 2020, which is the leading forum for liberal Catholic debates in Poland. The goal was to analyze the period’s narration toward current Church’s instructions on sexuality and gender diversity. Five dominant postulates were identified in Więź: (1) a discussion about people with the need to revise their or the Church’s narration on and experience of sex and gender; (2) a reevaluation of the significance and consequence of sexual revolution in Poland; (3) an organization of the understanding of body, sex, sexuality, and gender; (4) a promotion of the idea of encounter; and (5) a settlement of cases of sexual abuse in the Church. The article concludes that the presence of social dialogue on sexuality and gender diversity in the current pastoral approach of the Church in Poland requires a suspension of moral judgment and an openness from Church with a strong traditional, and rigid viewpoint to better understand the difficult spiritual and social situation of people who live contrary to the moral teachings of the Church or whose views go against these teachings.

Sex Differences in the Human Brain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Franks
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Biological Differences

In this chapter, the different meanings of the terms sex and gender are discussed: Sex is biological, and gender has to do with social roles. Biological differences such as genes are discussed next, including a discussion of whether these differences should be considered as either/or distinctions or as continuums. Differences in social skills are discussed. Next, differences in the brain’s gray and white matter are explored. Various parts of the brain and the abilities they support are then presented. How sex differences in the brain complement each other is explored, as well as differences and overlaps. The implications for single-sex education are presented. Reasons to discuss brain differences and other differences follow, including sleep problems, anorexia, and bulimia. A subsection on memory and emotion follows.

The African American Denominational Tradition: The Rise of Black Denominations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Dickerson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Black People ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
African American Leadership ◽  
Black Freedom ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Church

From the formation of the first independent African American Protestant denomination in the 1810s and 1820s to the opening decades of the 21st century, independent African American denominations have stood at the center of black religious life in the United States. Their longevity and influence have made them central to the preservation of black beliefs, practices, and rituals; have provided venues to promote movements for black freedom; and have incubated African American leadership in both the church and civic spheres. They have intertwined with every aspect of American and African American life, whether cultural, political, or economic, and they engaged the international involvement of American society and the diasporic interests of black people. Parallel assemblies composed of black ministers pastoring black congregations that remained within white denominations also emerged within the traditional white denominations, including the white Episcopal, Presbyterian, and Congregational Protestant groups, plus the Catholic Church. Although they eschewed withdrawing from the white denominations, their extramural bodies functioned as a virtual black ecclesia, or institutional bodies, even though they remained smaller than the growing independent black denominations. Together, the black preachers and parishioners in independent black denominations and inside traditional white denominations maintained churches characterized by proud histories and long records of frontline involvements in black freedom pursuits.

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