Mutiny and Leadership

Author(s):  
Keith Grint

Mutiny is often associated with the occasional mis-leadership of the masses by politically inspired hotheads or a spontaneous and unusually romantic gesture of defiance against a uniquely overbearing military superior. In reality it is seldom either, and usually it has far more mundane roots, not in the absolute poverty of the subordinates but in the relative poverty of the relationships between leaders and led in a military situation. Using contemporary leadership theory to cast a critical light on an array of mutinies across time and space, this book suggests we consider mutiny as a permanent possibility that is further encouraged or discouraged by particular contexts. What turns discontent into mutiny, however, lies in the leadership skills of a small number of leaders, and what transforms that into a constructive dialogue or a catastrophic disaster depends on how the leaders of both sides mobilize their supporters and their networks. From mutinies in ancient Roman and Greek armies through those that were generated by uncaring European monarchs and those that toppled the German and Russian states—and those that forced governments to face their own disastrous policies and changed them forever—this book covers an array of cases across land, sea, and air that still pose a threat to military establishments today.

Author(s):  
Shi Li ◽  
Peng Zhan ◽  
Yangyang Shen

The purpose of this chapter is to understand the structure of rural poverty in China. On the basis of CHIP data for 1988, 1995, 2002, 2007, and 2013, the authors analyze poverty trends and the structure of poverty, comparing the recent period to earlier periods. Factors that raise household income, factors that reduce the need for household expenditures, and other factors related to China’s poverty alleviation goals are considered. The analysis finds that although the absolute poverty rate continued to decline, the poverty gap and relative poverty increased after 2007. An analysis of the reasons for poverty reveals some positive effects of the rural social welfare policies; however, health problems among the elderly, among children below the age of 15, and among disabled adults continued to be a key source of poverty.


2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1106-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izete Pengo Bagolin

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to investigate if there is any evidence of differentials in the well-being achievements of two groups which will be called the “artificially” and the “truly” not poor; and second, to test the hypothesis that income from work is a better entitlement than income received from social programs. Design/methodology/approach The author used data from the 2008 Brazilian Household Budget Survey and selected two groups. Both groups are composed of people living between the absolute and the relative poverty line. The group that is living above the absolute poverty line only due to cash transfer programs will be considered the “artificially” not poor. And people who are out of absolute poverty but not receiving any help from social program are considered the “truly” (and not absolutely) poor. The hypothesis was tested using structural equation modeling. Findings The results support the hypothesis that people who are not receiving income from cash transfer programs achieve a higher level of well-being in the dimensions of housing and food. Food and housing capabilities affect each other and such result reinforces the multidimensionality of the Brazilian poverty. Research limitations/implications The main limitations refers to the restrict number of dimensions and to the necessity to adapt the indicators available to answer the paper objectives. Practical implications The paper results can help the policy makers to better understand the cash transfer programs attainment and boundaries. Social implications The paper results highlight that the cash transfer programs, even being useful to improve people well-being, are not sufficient to promote human capabilities and are not truly undertaking the multidimensional deprivations of the poor. Originality/value The paper compares two groups of people living with identical amount of income acquired from different origins.


1869 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 309-309
Author(s):  
Tait

If a number of equal masses of the same material be given, at different temperatures, and enclosed in an envelope impervious to heat, they will finally assume a common temperature; which is the arithmetic mean of the initial temperatures, if the material be one whose specific heat does not vary with temperature.But they may be brought to a common temperature by means of reversible thermodynamic engines employed to obtain the utmost amount of work from the initial unequal distribution. This question was first investigated by Thomson (Phil. Mag. 1853, “On the Restoration of Energy from an unequally heated Space”), and the application of his method to the present problem shows that the final common temperature of the masses, when as much work as possible has been obtained from them, is the geometric mean of the initial temperatures; but this investigation introduces the condition that the temperatures must be measured from the absolute zero.


Author(s):  
Mona L. Laya ◽  
Jason N. Marque

Abstract - This descriptive study aimed to identify the leadership skills of Rodrigo R. Duterte to gain insights as to why he has become the undisputed political leader of Davao City. Making use of snowball and opportunistic sampling techniques, the investigation has established through qualitative analysis of triangulated data that Duterte’s leadership focuses on the maintenance of peace and order. As a leader, Mr. Duterte uses a combination of different leadership skills characterized by firmness in decisions, taking responsibility for all actions made and the ability to accomplish the desired outcomes. He is a transactional leader with charisma to the masses. He actively monitors the work performed by subordinates and executes corrective actions if deviations from expected standards occur. He is an entrepreneurial leader, a risk taker, and a negotiator. His autocracy fits the level of maturity of the Dabawenyos. He is voted primarily for his leadership skills in maintaining peace and order while the various programs he has implemented are considered as additional accomplishments to his brand of leadership. Keywords - leadership style, political leadership, undisputed political leader


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Worms ◽  
Adrián Gras-Velázquez

Instagram is a virtual, multi-authored platform that symbolizes geographic realities by allowing its users to capture time-and-space-specific characteristics through photographs or videos. As opposed to the selective reproduction of dominant discourses, Instagram users collaboratively produce multiple truths based on their own personal perceptions and experiences. Considering that favelas in Brazil are some of the most stigmatized, misrepresented and misunderstood places in the world, this article follows the term ‘favela’ (#favela) to better understand how it is being used by the masses in 2019. Ultimately, this article analyses the space and identity of ‘favelas’ in urban Brazil by dividing our findings into three separate categories: (1) ‘hashtag favela as advertising’, (2) ‘hashtag favela as tourism’ and (3) ‘hashtag favela as everyday’. We found that although Instagram promotes the ability of favela residents to represent themselves, #favela continues to be co-opted by outsiders. Interestingly, when the term is co-opted by outsiders, its meaning is transformed from a physical space or neighbourhood into one of the many types of commodities to be bought and sold.


2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 880-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyle Scruggs ◽  
James P. Allan

Several recent studies have focused attention on the relationship between welfare states and poverty, looking primarily at relative poverty and employing concepts of welfare state generosity that are problematic. This has made it difficult to evaluate claims that equality has come at the expense of economic growth. In this article, the authors examine more directly the relationship between welfare state generosity in three social insurance programs— unemployment, sickness, and pensions—and poverty levels in advanced industrial democracies in the past quarter of the 20th century. The results strongly suggest that more generous entitlements to key social insurance programs are associated not only with lower relative poverty but also with lower absolute poverty. This supports the contention that promoting relative economic equality can improve the absolute material well-being of the poor. However, no evidence suggests that relatively more generous unemployment benefits systematically reduce poverty.


1922 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
A. A. Robb
Keyword(s):  

Antipode ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Morrill ◽  
Ernest Wohlenberg

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