The Future of Proportionality

2021 ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
Amichai Cohen ◽  
David Zlotogorski
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Cyber Warfare ◽  
Weapon Systems ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Media ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality ◽  
Modern Warfare ◽  
The Way

The final chapter of the book presents three developments in modern warfare that might affect the way the principle of proportionality will be applied in the future. The first is the development of “image-fare”—the use of the way that the armed conflicts and their effects are perceived through the lenses of the media and social networks; second, cyber warfare, and its influence over the interpretations of proportionality; and third, the development of autonomous weapon systems. The chapter suggests that all these areas might change the way we perceive the principle of proportionality, and that further research should be directed at exploring these changes.

Biometric Authentication Techniques and Its Future

2019 ◽  
pp. 122-149
Author(s):  
Shanthi Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Individual Data ◽  
Biometric Authentication ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Private Data ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Way

The number of users using the internet has drastically increased. Due to the large number of online users, demand has increased in various fields like social networks, knowledge sharing, commerce, etc. to protect the user's private data as well as control access. Unfortunately, the need for security and authentication for individual data also increased. In an attempt to confront the new risks unveiled by the networking revolution over the recent years, we need an efficient means for automatically recognizing the identity of individuals. Biometric authentication provides an improved level of security and paves the way to the future. Further, biometric authentication systems are classified as physiological biometric and behavioral biometric technologies. Further, the author provides ideas on research challenges and the future of authentication systems.

‘It Could Probably Just as Well Be Otherwise’

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Werner ◽  
Lianne Boer
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Cyber Warfare ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Basic Point ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Phenomena ◽  
The Way

One of the core insights of Musil’s The Man Without Qualities is that there must be ‘a sense of possibility’. This chapter analyzes debates on the law applicable to cyberwar, as debates emanating from a sense of possibility, which translates into imageries of the way cyberwar might, could, or ought to happen, i.e. how possible future realities are construed. The analysis is limited to the Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare. The basic point of much legal analysis is to make sense of new phenomena in terms of pre-existing legal rules, or, to make the unfamiliar, familiar. The creation of these legal imageries is contrasted with non-legal imageries of cyberwar, as found in military and security studies. The purpose of this exercise is to carve out more clearly what is particular about the way in which international lawyers have imagined the future in this domain.

An Introduction to the Handbook, Communities of Practice, and Definitions of Expertise

2019 ◽  
pp. xx-30
Author(s):  
Paul Ward ◽  
Jan Maarten Schraagen ◽  
Julie Gore ◽  
Emilie M. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Way

This chapter provides a brief summary of the various communities of practice that have paved the way for current expertise researchers, and are formative of this Handbook. A synopsis follows, detailing how expertise has been defined both historically and in present day. The purpose in this chapter is threefold: To demonstrate the heterogeneity of approaches and conceptions of expertise, to contextualize current views of expertise presented in this Handbook, and to use these views as a springboard to examine how we should examine expertise in the future—which is addressed in the final chapter. Finally, an outline of this Handbook’s chapters are presented.

DEATH

Think ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (35) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Clement Dore
Keyword(s):  
Derek Parfit ◽  
Thomas Nagel ◽  
Rational Person ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Way

In the final chapter of his book, The View from Nowhere, the American philosopher, Thomas Nagel, writes as follows about death:We do not regard the period before we were born in the same way we regard the prospect of death, yet most of the things that can be said about death are equally true of the former. Lucretius thought this showed that it was a mistake to regard death as an evil. But I believe it is an example of a more general future-past asymmetry... [Derek] Parfit has explored the asymmetry in connection with other values such as... pain. The fact that a pain (of ours) is in prospect rather than in the past has a very great effect on our attitude toward it, and this effect cannot be regarded as irrational... [the former asymmetry] can't be accounted for in terms of some other difference between past and future nonexistence, any more than the asymmetry in the case of pain can be accounted for in terms of some other differences between past and future pains, which makes the latter worse than the former.Nagel is maintaining in this quote that it is rational for a person to view pains which he is apt to experience in the future in a manner different from the way in which he views pains which he has experienced in the past. Nagel is saying that it is rational for a person to think of his future pains as more undesirable than his past ones. And Nagel claims that there is a similar asymmetry between a rational person's attitude towards a past in which he did not exist and a time in the future when he will not exist. In Nagel's view, just as a rational person will think of pains which he will experience as more undesirable than pains which he had in the past, he will think of his not existing in the future as much more undesirable than his not having existed in the past.

Technology Is Not a One-Way Road

2017 ◽  
pp. 73-100
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Future ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Way

Surrounded by new pieces of technology every day, nowadays citizens often do not have so updated schemes of thinking as the hardware and software they deal with. So, they go on mainly with old ideas and are not able to imagine the future beyond the suggestions of the market. Velocity and competition myths are not born exactly with the digital age, and nonstop connection could be probably something more than only to chat with friends, watching videos and listen to music on line. From different sides, in our experience often mixed into an indistinct set, commercial social networks and non-profit ventures have in fact changed a great part of our lives and habits. But the way of technology is not already drawn, as it depends much on our deeds and choices.

From tweets to graffiti: ‘I am Charlie’ as a ‘writing event’

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-186
Author(s):  
Maëlle Bazin
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Urban Public Space ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Way

Any visitor who walked the streets of Paris in the days or weeks following the attacks of January 2015 would definitely have witnessed a particular form of graphic irruption: the dissemination of messages of solidarity and mourning, and the repetition, within this mass of writing, of the formula ‘I am Charlie’. Although the situation was different, the responses to terrorist attacks in January 2015 and the 9/11 aftermath are comparable by the ‘writing event’ (Fraenkel, 2002, 2018) they produced: temporary and atypical dispositifs of writing turned to the public space in order to be read or at least seen by passers-by. This article, structured along chronological lines, traces the evolution of the viral formula over the long term from Twitter to the urban public space. Firstly, the author focuses on the origin and meanings of the statement and formulates several hypotheses that may explain its wide circulation on social networks. Secondly, she analyses the post-attack graffiti based on databases of several private graffiti-cleaning companies in order to highlight the temporary sacralization of illegal writings. The ‘ Je suis Charlie’ phenomenon is interesting in many ways: its staggering, massive diffusion; the apparent unanimity with which it was greeted in the world of politics and the media; and the way it was managed by local authorities.

The way of the future

1973 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Rosati
Keyword(s):  
The Future ◽  
The Way

Less Power, Greater Conflict

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra C. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
High Power ◽  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
Goal Conflict ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Multiple Goals ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Way

Abstract. Power facilitates goal pursuit, but how does power affect the way people respond to conflict between their multiple goals? Our results showed that higher trait power was associated with reduced experience of conflict in scenarios describing multiple goals (Study 1) and between personal goals (Study 2). Moreover, manipulated low power increased individuals’ experience of goal conflict relative to high power and a control condition (Studies 3 and 4), with the consequence that they planned to invest less into the pursuit of their goals in the future. With its focus on multiple goals and individuals’ experiences during goal pursuit rather than objective performance, the present research uses new angles to examine power effects on goal pursuit.

Becoming Politicized

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Barkas ◽  
Xenia Chryssochoou
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
Greek Society ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
Beliefs About The Future ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
The Way

Abstract. This research took place just after the end of the protests following the killing of a 16-year-old boy by a policeman in Greece in December 2008. Participants (N = 224) were 16-year-olds in different schools in Attiki. Informed by the Politicized Collective Identity Model ( Simon & Klandermans, 2001 ), a questionnaire measuring grievances, adversarial attributions, emotions, vulnerability, identifications with students and activists, and questions about justice and Greek society in the future, as well as about youngsters’ participation in different actions, was completed. Four profiles of the participants emerged from a cluster analysis using representations of the conflict, emotions, and identifications with activists and students. These profiles differed on beliefs about the future of Greece, participants’ economic vulnerability, and forms of participation. Importantly, the clusters corresponded to students from schools of different socioeconomic areas. The results indicate that the way young people interpret the events and the context, their levels of identification, and the way they represent society are important factors of their political socialization that impacts on their forms of participation. Political socialization seems to be related to youngsters’ position in society which probably constitutes an important anchoring point of their interpretation of the world.

When the media get in the way

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey A. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
The Media ◽  
The Way
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