Introduction
Although philosophers have spent a great deal of time debating what “justice” requires, they have struggled when pressed to specify the implications that any particular conception of justice has for concrete questions of public policy. As a result, policy debates over the problem of anthropogenic climate change have been dominated by the normative framework of utilitarianism (or variants of the welfare consequentialism favored by economists), not for its intrinsic merits, but because it can easily be applied to the question, and generates plausible recommendations in most cases. This introduction presents the outlines of a “minimally controversial contractualism,” intended to serve as an alternative normative framework for developing climate change policy. It endorses the same plausible policy prescriptions in the standard cases while offering better resources for addressing the question of social discounting.