Family and Early Years
This chapter describes Venizelos's family life and connections, and his early upbringing. His mother Styliani was illiterate, from Therisso, a mountain village in western Crete involved in Cretan uprisings against the Ottomans. His father Kyriakos was a Greek nationalist tested by quarrels with Ottoman authorities and successive exiles in Greece, during which he acquired Greek nationality. They had four daughters, one disabled boy, and Eleftherios (Lefteris) Venizelos. the only healthy boy of the family. The 1866 uprising, in which the destruction of Arkadi monastery aroused sympathy in liberal quarters of Western Europe (Victor Hugo), forced the family to leave for the Greek islands, Kythera then Syros. This was Venizelos's first exile in a lifetime of travel. His education began on Syros and continued in Chania, where his father established a glass and china shop. He carried his impressions of the Cretan landscape and soundscape with him throughout his life: a 'yearning for Crete'.