Dissent in the Parishes

2020 ◽  
pp. 293-312
Author(s):  
W.J. Sheils
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Established Church

This chapter looks at the varying experiences of dissenting groups over time and space from the pre-Reformation years until the Act of Toleration. Starting with inchoate, but often connected, evangelical groups chiefly in southern and eastern England, dissenting experience spread across England in the years following Elizabeth’s accession, originally mostly characterized by an adherence to a national Church, Puritanism, and with an uneasy relationship with the Established Church, it was in the seventeenth century that distinctive groups emerged, especially during the Interregnum. The local histories of these groups were affected by ecclesiology, topography, and economic factors creating a varied landscape in the later seventeenth century in the troubled years before toleration was granted.

“Asi Lo Paresçe Por Su Aspeto”: Physiognomy and the Construction of Difference in Colonial Bogotá

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Rappaport
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
First Century ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Abstract My objective in this article is to examine the relationship between perception and classification in the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Andes, focusing in particular on the Nuevo Reino de Granada (today, Colombia). During the first century of colonization, the visual identification of members of ethnoracial categories — indios, mestizos, mulattos, negros, and Spaniards — transformed over time and space in the Atlantic context. I argue in this article that we may be confining ourselves to a conceptual straitjacket if we limit our interpretation of terms like “indio” or “mulato” to their ethnic or racial dimensions as part of a self-enclosed system of classification, because such usages were embedded in broader schemes of perception and categorization that both antedated the Spanish invasion of the Americas and continued to be employed on the Iberian Peninsula. In particular, ethnoracial categories interacted in a complex relationship with the ways that observers reacted to the physiognomy of the individuals who bore these labels, so that the fluidity of classification can be seen as deriving in part from the interpretation of visual cues.

scholarly journals Landscape of visions: the Ekolsund manorial estate, Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Åsa Ahrland
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Large Scale Project ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Parks and gardens are characterized by constant change and the need to be continuously managed and recreated. Over time, layers of history are built up, reflecting artistic and human ideals, socio-economic factors, technology and practices from different periods. Designed landscapes are archives and often have significant levels of biodiversity. One example is the Ekolsund manorial estate in Sweden, laid out in the seventeenth century in a large-scale project. Buildings, gardens and parks formed part of an overall architectural composition, where representation and display were key elements. With its audacity and grandeur, Ekolsund represents a new approach to landscape design in Sweden. The later development includes an early attempt by King Gustavus III to create landscape gardens and, during the era of capitalist owners, the planting of arboreta. Despite favourable conditions for a restoration of the seventeenth-century designed landscape, this paper argues for a holistic approach, where visions and actions of different agents - that together have shaped Ekolsund - are the foundation. Where cultural and natural values complement each other, requiring collaboration between research disciplines and the cultural heritage and nature conservation sectors.

Conclusion: Revolutions, Settlements and Scotland’s Political Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alasdair Raffe
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Religious Dissent ◽  
Central Direction ◽  
Established Church ◽  
Power And Authority ◽  
The Revolution

THE REVOLUTION SETTLEMENT OF 1689–90 repudiated many of the principles and policies of royal government in the Restoration period. But while their responses were different, James VII and the makers of the settlement sought solutions to the same fundamental problems. By studying the upheavals of the 1685–90 period, we have focused on two sets of challenges confronting the rulers of seventeenth-century Scotland. The first concerned the character of the established Church. How was it to be constituted and what was the appropriate role for the monarch in its government? How should the civil magistrate deal with religious dissent? A second cluster of problems involved the crown’s power and authority. Was the king ‘absolute’ and what did this mean in practice? To what extent was local government in Scotland autonomous, and how far was it amenable to central direction?...

Language Change and Movement as Seen by Historical Linguistics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Nurse
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Language Boundaries ◽  
Over Time

The focus of this chapter is on how languages move and change over time and space. The perceptions of historical linguists have been shaped by what they were observing. During the flowering of comparative linguistics, from the late 19th into the 20th century, the dominant view was that in earlier times when people moved, their languages moved with them, often over long distances, sometimes fast, and that language change was largely internal. That changed in the second half of the 20th century. We now recognize that in recent centuries and millennia, most movements of communities and individuals have been local and shorter. Constant contact between communities resulted in features flowing across language boundaries, especially in crowded and long-settled locations such as most of Central and West Africa. Although communities did mix and people did cross borders, it became clear that language and linguistic features could also move without communities moving.

scholarly journals Revealing the spatial shifting pattern of COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zhu ◽  
Xinyue Ye ◽  
Steven Manson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Network Optimization ◽  
Network Modeling ◽  
The United States ◽  
Standard Series ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Long Range Interactions ◽  
Dynamic Relationships ◽  
Over Time

AbstractWe describe the use of network modeling to capture the shifting spatiotemporal nature of the COVID-19 pandemic. The most common approach to tracking COVID-19 cases over time and space is to examine a series of maps that provide snapshots of the pandemic. A series of snapshots can convey the spatial nature of cases but often rely on subjective interpretation to assess how the pandemic is shifting in severity through time and space. We present a novel application of network optimization to a standard series of snapshots to better reveal how the spatial centres of the pandemic shifted spatially over time in the mainland United States under a mix of interventions. We find a global spatial shifting pattern with stable pandemic centres and both local and long-range interactions. Metrics derived from the daily nature of spatial shifts are introduced to help evaluate the pandemic situation at regional scales. We also highlight the value of reviewing pandemics through local spatial shifts to uncover dynamic relationships among and within regions, such as spillover and concentration among states. This new way of examining the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of network-based spatial shifts offers new story lines in understanding how the pandemic spread in geography.

Dental evidence for variation in diet over time and space in the Arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Ungar ◽  
Blaire Van Valkenburgh ◽  
Alexandria S. Peterson ◽  
Aleksandr A. Sokolov ◽  
Natalia A. Sokolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Fox ◽  
Vulpes Lagopus ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Dental Evidence ◽  
Over Time

Religious Enthusiasm and Separatism in Colonial New England

1945 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-140
Author(s):  
Maurice W. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
New England ◽  
Modern Democracy ◽  
English History ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Liberty Of Conscience ◽  
Colonial New England ◽  
Established Church

Thomas Underhill, a citizen of London during the Commonwealth, described that period of English history as “Hell Broke Loose.” Partly as a result of Anabaptist influence, and partly as a continuation of the indigenous Lollard movement, large numbers of persons in every part of England separated themselves from the Established Church and formed themselves into independent religious societies. Some of these groups were very eccentric in their beliefs and practices. Thomas Edwards, their bitter opponent, made a Catalogue of “the Errors, Heresies, Blasphemies and Pernicious Practices … vented and acted in England” between the years 1642 and 1646, which he called, Gangraena. In it he distinguishes no less than two hundred and ten errors which were held by one or other of the sixteen groups into which he divides the sectaries. The sixteen were, “Independents, Brownists, Chiliasts or Millenaries, Antinomians, Anabaptists, Manifestarians or Arminians, Libertines, Familists, Enthusiasts, Seekers and Waiters, Perfectists, Socinians, Arians, Anti-Trinitarians, Anti-Scripturalists, Sceptics and Quietists.” The Parliamentary army especially abounded with men whose “great religion” was “liberty of conscience and liberty of preaching.” G. P. Gooch and others have shown how deeply the roots of modern democracy are embedded in the religious struggles of these seventeenth century sects. Most of them disappeared with the Commonwealth, or were absorbed in the rising Quaker movement, but certain fundamental principles for which they stood continued to exist and to mold public opinion.

Increased utilization of blastocyst frozen embryo transfers over time and space: a sartcors study

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. e171-e172
Author(s):  
E.C. Holden ◽  
B.N. Kashani ◽  
S. Morelli ◽  
D. Alderson ◽  
S.K. Jindal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time And Space ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Frozen Embryo Transfers
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