scholarly journals Landscape of visions: the Ekolsund manorial estate, Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Åsa Ahrland
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Large Scale Project ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Parks and gardens are characterized by constant change and the need to be continuously managed and recreated. Over time, layers of history are built up, reflecting artistic and human ideals, socio-economic factors, technology and practices from different periods. Designed landscapes are archives and often have significant levels of biodiversity. One example is the Ekolsund manorial estate in Sweden, laid out in the seventeenth century in a large-scale project. Buildings, gardens and parks formed part of an overall architectural composition, where representation and display were key elements. With its audacity and grandeur, Ekolsund represents a new approach to landscape design in Sweden. The later development includes an early attempt by King Gustavus III to create landscape gardens and, during the era of capitalist owners, the planting of arboreta. Despite favourable conditions for a restoration of the seventeenth-century designed landscape, this paper argues for a holistic approach, where visions and actions of different agents - that together have shaped Ekolsund - are the foundation. Where cultural and natural values complement each other, requiring collaboration between research disciplines and the cultural heritage and nature conservation sectors.

scholarly journals SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF FINANCIAL DISTRESS IN PURCHASING A SUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF FOOD. ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF POLISH MICRODATA

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Financial Distress ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Binary Choice ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Binary Choice Models ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The paper analyses subjective aspects of food poverty in Poland. It deals with households’ assessment of financial difficulties in purchasing a sufficient amount of food in the period 2009–2015. The study is based on Social Diagnosis data. Its purpose is to identify the socio-economic factors affecting financial distress among Polish households. The study also aims to test whether the probability of experiencing financial difficulties is persistent over time. In econometric analysis binary choice models for panel data are applied. The findings state that apart from equivalent incomes and owned savings, loans or debts, factors having a significant impact on the final results are places of residence and biological types of households.

Changing Susceptibility to Temperature over Time and the Associated Climate, Demographic and Socio-Economic Factors in Japan for 1972 – 2012

2018 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 770
Author(s):  
Yeonseung Chung ◽  
Daewon Yang ◽  
Antonio Gasparrini ◽  
Ana Vicedo-Cabrera ◽  
Chris Fook Sheng Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Factors ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

scholarly journals Conceptualizations of suicide through time and socio-economic factors: a historical mini-review

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Solano ◽  
E. Pizzorno ◽  
M. Pompili ◽  
G. Serafini ◽  
M. Amore
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Support Strategies ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

ObjectivesSuicide is a complex phenomenon determined by the interplay of an articulated network of factors including socio-economic factors which have a decisive role. This paper investigates the development of the modern conceptualization of suicide in Europe, its sociological understandings and its intertwinement with economic cycles throughout time.MethodsMEDLINE, SCHOLAR, EMBASE using the keywords ‘socioeconomic factors AND suicide’; ‘economic cycles AND suicide’; ‘history AND suicide’ without timeframe limitations. Moreover, journal-by-journal search in journals of related areas was performed.ResultsIn total, 51 historical studies focusing on the subjects in European countries were included. Three main areas arose: (a) development of the conceptualization of suicide over time; (b) sociological understandings of suicide according to the structure of society and its economy of power; (c) economic theories explaining the intertwinement of economic cycles and suicides.ConclusionsSuicide is a deeply human phenomenon inescapably linked to and grounded in society and economic cycles. Understandings from the past show the importance of accurate analysis of socio-economic contexts that shape societies together with man’s own sense of self in order to organize multi-layered tangible and intangible support strategies to better understand and prevent suicide in this day and age.

scholarly journals Expanding within flexible housing for growing families in urban neighbouthood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Housing Demand ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Future Change ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Housing Needs ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Two- thirds of the world’s population will be living in urbanized areas by 2050. The response to this trend in housing demand has been intensification of the urban core, or sprawl. However, this solution addresses only current conditions and does not allow for future change. People’s housing needs are greatly influenced by their stages of life and by socio-economic factors that are constantly changing over time. However, most housing offers unchanging physical environments. Therefore, there is a conflict the between dynamic nature of people’s lifestyle and their dwellings. Living in a fast-paced society where change is inevitable, how can we design future housing that responds to the evolving needs and desires of diverse households throughout their life cycle? This thesis argues that homes should not be designed with a single purpose. Instead, they must be flexible and open-ended, and lend themselves conveniently to transform.

What Causes Economic Losses from Natural Disasters in India?

2016 ◽  
pp. 157-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Sekhar Bahinipati ◽  
Unmesh Patnaik ◽  
P. K. Viswanathan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Damage Costs ◽  
Major Disaster ◽  
Natural Climate ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cyclonic Storms ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The reported economic losses due to natural disasters show an increasing trend over time for India. This is due to the influence of three factors: bio-physical drivers, exposure and vulnerability. Normalising the influence of exposure and vulnerability of socio-economic factors, this chapter potentially detects the influence of climate, caused by natural climate variability as well as anthropogenic climate change, in determining the damages from natural disasters. It analyses the trends in both the reported and normalised economic losses from natural disasters in India during 1964 and 2012. Similar analysis is also carried out for a subset of major disaster events like cyclonic storms and floods. No significant trend is found either for the normalised damage costs from natural disasters or for individual extreme events like floods and cyclonic storms. The findings suggest that the increases in damage costs is due to higher exposure and vulnerability of the socio-economic conditions of those affected, and recommends for additional investments on infrastructure to strengthen the adaptive capacity of the vulnerable sections with respect to the socio-economic factors.

Dissent in the Parishes

2020 ◽  
pp. 293-312
Author(s):  
W.J. Sheils
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Established Church

This chapter looks at the varying experiences of dissenting groups over time and space from the pre-Reformation years until the Act of Toleration. Starting with inchoate, but often connected, evangelical groups chiefly in southern and eastern England, dissenting experience spread across England in the years following Elizabeth’s accession, originally mostly characterized by an adherence to a national Church, Puritanism, and with an uneasy relationship with the Established Church, it was in the seventeenth century that distinctive groups emerged, especially during the Interregnum. The local histories of these groups were affected by ecclesiology, topography, and economic factors creating a varied landscape in the later seventeenth century in the troubled years before toleration was granted.

scholarly journals A Passage to India: Rhetoric and Diplomacy between Muscovy and Central Asia in the Seventeenth Century

Itinerario ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-527
Author(s):  
Ulfat Abdurasulov
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rhetorical Device ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
The Face ◽  
Fact Finding ◽  
Large Scale Project

AbstractIt is broadly assumed that attempts by the Russian state of Muscovy to establish stable diplomatic and mercantile channels to India via Central Asia were started upon the initiative of the Emperor Peter I (1682–1725). Such attempts are generally interpreted as being part of a large-scale project that reflected the growing imperial and colonial ambitions of Russia and which, in turn, entailed strong antagonism from the ruling elites of Central Asia, thereby setting a tone for relations that would continue for the next century and more of reciprocal relations between the local principalities and Russia. By exploring chancellery documents from seventeenth-century Muscovy, we find that the first diplomatic communications between Russia, Khiva, and Bukhara can in fact be dated to long before the reign of Peter I. The first Romanov tsars sought to initiate exchanges with Khiva and Bukhara as a means of establishing diplomatic and commercial ties with the Mughal emperors; at the same time, meanwhile, the authorities in Khiva and Bukhara had their own reasons for pushing Muscovy to engage with Central Asia as a conduit to India. Over the course of the seventeenth century, Central Asian diplomats went to great lengths—both in diplomatic correspondence and through direct interpersonal contacts—to convince their Russian counterparts of the region's attractiveness as a source of precious Indian commodities and as a logistically convenient passage to India. Despite such rhetoric, however, the authorities in Khiva and Bukhara were in fact highly reluctant to “open” the region to Russian agents: repeated attempts by Muscovy to engage in diplomatic fact-finding as a means of establishing influence in the region invariably foundered in the face of Central Asian resistance. Bukharan and Khivan circles seem, in fact, to have held out the enticing idea of “a passage to India” simply as a rhetorical device to secure recognition in Muscovy for their own diplomatic and mercantile missions.

Military intervention for humanitarian purposes: does the Responsibility to Protect doctrine advance the legality of the use of force for humanitarian ends?

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (876) ◽  
pp. 803-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Massingham
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Ethnic Cleansing ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
New Approach

AbstractThe Responsibility to Protect is being touted as a new approach to protecting populations from mass atrocities. Certainly it would be encouraging to believe that an end to genocides, large scale ethnic cleansing and large scale loss of life were within humanity's reach. However, whilst the holistic approach of the doctrine is to be commended, the legality of the proposal requires further analysis. This paper specifically addresses the evolution of the legality of humanitarian intervention and looks at whether the Responsibility to Protect doctrine advances the legality of the use of force for humanitarian ends.

scholarly journals Analysis of Feature Influence on Covid-19 Death Rate Per Country Using a Novel Orthogonalization Technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaston Gonnet ◽  
John Stewart ◽  
Joseph Lafleur ◽  
Stephen Keith ◽  
Mark McLellan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Feature Importance ◽  
Schmidt Orthogonalization ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Proper Context ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Orthogonalization Procedure

We have developed a new technique of Feature Importance, a topic of machine learning, to analyze the possible causes of the Covid-19 pandemic based on country data. This new approach works well even when there are many more features than countries and is not affected by high correlation of features. It is inspired by the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure from linear algebra. We study the number of deaths, which is more reliable than the number of cases at the onset of the pandemic, during Apr/May 2020. This is while countries started taking measures, so more light will be shed on the root causes of the pandemic rather than on its handling. The analysis is done against a comprehensive list of roughly 3,200 features. We find that globalization is the main contributing cause, followed by calcium intake, economic factors, environmental factors, preventative measures, and others. This analysis was done for 20 different dates and shows that some factors, like calcium, phase in or out over time. We also compute row explainability, i.e. for every country, how much each feature explains the death rate. Finally we also study a series of conditions, e.g. comorbidities, immunization, etc. which have been proposed to explain the pandemic and place them in their proper context. While there are many caveats to this analysis, we believe it sheds light on the possible causes of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Neural-Symbolic Processing in Business Applications

2011 ◽  
pp. 270-314
Author(s):  
Nick F Ryman-Tubb
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Neural Network Approach ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
Over Time

Neural networks are mathematical models, inspired by biological processes in the human brain and are able to give computers more “human-like” abilities. Perhaps by examining the way in which the biological brain operates, at both the large-scale and the lower level anatomical level, approaches can be devised that can embody some of these remarkable abilities for use in real-world business applications. One criticism of the neural network approach by business is that they are “black boxes”; they cannot be easily understood. To open this black box an outline of neural-symbolic rule extraction is described and its application to fraud-detection is given. Current practice is to build a Fraud Management System (FMS) based on rules created by fraud experts which is an expensive and time-consuming task and fails to address the problem where the data and relationships change over time. By using a neural network to learn to detect fraud and then extracting its’ knowledge, a new approach is presented.

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