Contexts and Overlaps

Cyclops ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 219-232
Author(s):  
Mercedes Aguirre ◽  
Richard Buxton
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Voice ◽  
Roman Antiquity ◽  
Over Time

In this final chapter of Part I of the book, Aguirre and Buxton draw together some strands of the argument relating to the portrayal of the Cyclopes in Graeco-Roman antiquity. First, they seek to demonstrate the importance of context—for example, medium and genre—as a decisive shaper of representation. This applies also to cases where the Cyclops tends to be absent, as in tragedy. Another shaper of representation is narrative voice: the authors show this using narratological examples from the Odyssey, the Aeneid, Theocritus, and Ovid. In the second part of the chapter they turn to the differences and overlaps between the three ‘types’ of Cyclopes: builders, metalworkers, pastoral ogres. One hitherto underestimated overlap concerns fire, a theme to which Aguirre and Buxton attempt to restore its due weight. Taken in combination with ideas of marginality, working with the hands, and primordiality, the notion of fire plays a major role, over time, in forging links between the homonyms, banishing the sense that all that the diverse Cyclopes share is a name.

Afterword

2020 ◽  
pp. 226-232
Author(s):  
Mary Jean Corbett
Keyword(s):  
Public Action ◽  
The Past ◽  
Over Time

This chapter cites Annie Ernaux's final chapter of The Years, which stages a series of conversations between members of the older and younger Pargiter generations as they gather for a family party. It offers an understanding about how Virginia Woolf's relationship to the late-Victorian past changed as she aged over time. It also looks at Woolf's writings that are considered as “novel of fact” rather than “vision,” which have many determinants of the female descendant who seeks something from the ancestor's portrait. The chapter elaborates how The Years turns away from an idealized maternal past that is predicated on the identifications with men. It talks about embracing the models for public action that is caused by the problematic commitments of most feminist reformers in the past.

scholarly journals Conclusion: Reflections on a Global Issue Domain

2019 ◽  
pp. 191-204
Author(s):  
Roxana Radu
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Internet Governance ◽  
Global Fields ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Over Time

The final chapter sums up the findings of the book and highlights the contributions of this study to international relations and to Internet governance, both theoretically and empirically. It clarifies how the findings of this research fit in the ongoing policy debates and in the global governance scholarship, while providing clues for understanding current trends and developments in the field. Reflecting on the value of the research agenda proposed here, this chapter notes the theoretical implications of studying the origins and articulation of global fields of power over time. Last but not least, it offers analytical directions for future explorations of governance emergence and structuration in nascent policy domains.

The Unity of Freedom

2021 ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Kieron O’Hara
Keyword(s):  
Network Effects ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
Over Time

The final chapter summarizes the ideas of Four Internets. The Internet needs to remain connected, while its governance should allow different ideologies to flourish simultaneously, without imposing their view on the rest. Governance should pursue common interests while respecting cultural diversity. The prominent role of the United States remains an issue, although it has historically been a good steward of the infrastructure, and probably better than any alternative, including the multilateral structures promoted by nations like China and Russia. Governance is currently multistakeholder and ad hoc, but informal, emergent arrangements are probably better and more flexible than something neater and designed. Innovation and network effects need to be fostered, but policymakers will, on occasion, have to intervene against (perceived) negative externalities. New Internets will emerge over time; a COVID-19 Internet is imagined and described, for example. New technologies, such as quantum computing, will create new stresses, requiring a constant focus on resilience.

Martial’s Epigrams as Domitianic Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-188
Author(s):  
Erik Gunderson
Keyword(s):  
Chronological Order ◽  
Narrative Voice ◽  
Poetic Voice ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

This chapter reads Martial’s Epigrams in chronological order. It pays particular attention to the poems about the emperor. It is sensitive to their quantity, quality, and position relative to the remaining poems. Themes from the imperial poems are put in contact with other non-imperial poems, especially poems that are proximate to poems about the emperor. The narrative arc is fairly clear. One begins with a narrative voice that conjures a rising star who is on the make and playing a pseudo-dangerous game with power. Over time the poetry draws closer to an emperor who is himself waxing in size and strength. The poetic voice becomes ever more exuberant even as the relationship to power feels increasingly split. The poet admires the prince. The poet is also afraid of him. The last is never stated, though. The symptomatic figure of this split is Earinus, the emperor’s beautiful and disgusting eunuch boyfriend. Domitian’s death precipitates a disastrous liberation. The chapter ends with an examination of the fraught project of constructing a post-Domitianic Martial in the wake of what had come before. The poet is reluctant to even say what, exactly, had come before. Instead, one finds books of poems that are marked by erasures, rewrites, and chronological irregularities. They celebrate a “newfound freedom” and a “return to art,” but things are falling apart. The poet praises a new Rome that he ends up leaving.

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 211-230
Author(s):  
Jennifer Stromer-Galley
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Over Time

This final chapter recaps the arguments and discusses implications of how campaigns have used DCTs. By only looking at digital practices of political campaigns, it is worrisome that we fail to see that for most campaigns digital media is still only a small part of the overall focus of campaigns. Greater appreciation is needed for understanding DCT use in the context of other factors of a campaign. Campaigns have dramatically changed their strategies over time as they learned the benefits and the challenges of communicating with the public and the media through DCTs. In 1996 they barely interacted with the public and controlled the message as much as possible. By 2016, they were using a variety of interactive affordances to mobilize supporters, attack opponents, and influence the news media’s agenda through their digital media accounts. They also learned to capitalize on the public’s data that they generate about themselves when they interact with the campaign online and in partnering with digital technology companies, such as Facebook, to engage in unprecedented micro-targeting through paid ads.

scholarly journals The Sound of Sirens: Siren Stelae in Classical Attic Cemeteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alex Oldfield
Keyword(s):  
Traditional View ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Greek Mythology ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
Ancient Literature ◽  
Upper Register ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Over Time

<p>The aim of this thesis is to look at how and why the siren is featured in Classical Attic cemeteries and how its mythical characteristics lead to its appropriateness in such a context. The exact origins of the siren are unknown, although it has been suggested that they stem from the folk tales of sailors at sea, or shared ideas from other cultures. Despite such unknown variables, the siren figure that is considered in this thesis is that found in Greek mythology, frequently remembered for her encounter with Odysseus on his journey home from Troy and ability to enchant sailors with her irresistible song. Typically combining the features of a bird’s body and a woman’s head, the creature known as the siren can also be seen in ancient depictions on vases, jewellery boxes and female toilette objects. During the Classical Period (479-323BC) the bird-women hybrid sirens are used as a decorative feature on top of funerary stelae in Attic cemeteries. The siren can be seen in two different forms in the funerary context, specifically in relation to their placement and representation on stelae: relief images of the creatures in the roof sima of the upper register of the tombstone, and sculpted in the round perched on top. The presence of the siren in this context can provide a constant mourner as well as inviting the viewer to grieve for the deceased.  The first chapter details the siren’s character and role in early ancient literature and art, specifically relating to their mythological corpus. Discussion will focus on the evolution of their character and their appearance over time, as well as identifying distinguishing features which make the siren a unique figure. It is also necessary in this section to establish a distinction between the siren and the mythological harpy who combines the similar bird-woman features to make up a very different creature (particularly evident in a commonly misnamed Lycian sarcophagus, the ‘Harpy tomb’.) The second chapter outlines the timeframe of the use and presence of funerary stelae featuring sirens in Attic cemeteries, predominantly found in the Kerameikos, with references to the legislation which may have affected them. This section covers examples of the presence of sirens in this context including, but not exclusive to, images in relief depicted in the roof sima, along with other figures, as well as the limited freestanding sculptures of sirens seen perched above stelae. I will also analyse the ‘traditional’ view of the sirens as ‘soul birds’ as suggested by various scholars, particularly those from the early 1900s. The final chapter looks at the appropriateness of the siren in a funerary context and attempts to identify the reasons why they were used for such a purpose. In order to answer these questions, it is important to look at the reception of these pieces by mourners and passers-by alike and the possible relationship between those that view the sculpture in such a setting and the piece itself.</p>

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Zick
Keyword(s):  
Free Speech ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Rhetorical Devices ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Governmental Power ◽  
Speech Clause ◽  
Over Time

The Introduction accomplishes several things. It emphasizes the central subject matter of the book, which is the relationships between freedom of speech and other (“non-speech”) constitutional rights. The Introduction also discusses different conceptions of constitutional rights—as textual guarantees, trumps of governmental power, and rhetorical devices. It emphasizes the relational character of rights and introduces the concept of Rights Dynamism, which is the process by which rights intersections occur. The Introduction highlights the bidirectional relationship between freedom of speech and non-speech rights, noting that interactions between these rights have influenced interpretation of both the Free Speech Clause and the rights it has interacted with over time. It describes the facilitative and mediating functions of freedom of speech, as well as the conflicts between free speech and non-speech guarantees. Finally, it introduces the concept of Rights Pluralism, which is defined and defended more fully in the book’s final chapter.

scholarly journals Being a happy midwife

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Hendrych Lorenzová ◽  
Irena Raisnerová
Keyword(s):  
Professional Responsibility ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Personal Commitment ◽  
The Future ◽  
Water Births ◽  
Over Time

The publication Being a happy midwife describes the role of midwives. The first chapter explains the change of the vocation over time, from its very beginning to the challenges of modern times. The publication emphasises community midwifery, as well as the personal commitment that is closely related to this occupation. Therefore, the publication contains special chapters focused on midwifery practices in the hospital in Vrchlabí and on water births. The final chapter is devoted to the challenges of the present time and describes the development of midwifery in the future. All chapters have one common topic: Midwives’ desire to work freely according to their competencies and with full professional responsibility, and thus become happy midwives.

Relics, Remnants, and Scrap

Things ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 160-198
Author(s):  
Carolyn Korsmeyer
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Material Things ◽  
Over Time

The final chapter examines the conditions under which artifacts can invite encounters with the past, noting the metaphysical implications that arise with the claim that genuineness comes in degrees. Several approaches to the persistence of objects over time are reviewed, including some well-known metaphysical problems (such as the ship of Theseus). The metaphysics endorsed follows Lynne Rudder Baker’s claim that objects of both art and nature are inherently vague, a thesis that supports the idea that material things can persist through change that causes their deterioration. The conclusion draws together the various ways that persistence over time can invite encounters with the past, centering on material presence and including continuity of function and use.

Enacting a Carbon Tax: How Do We Get There?

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Gilbert E. Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Climate Policy ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Over Time

The final chapter lays out a policy framework for building political support to enact a carbon tax. The framework can focus policymakers on the task at hand and instill discipline in the legislative process. The carbon tax should be revenue neutral, contribute to fairness in the tax system, streamline climate policy, and lead to significant emission reductions over time. The chapter goes on to explain why those are key elements of a policy framework through which bipartisan support for a carbon tax could be possible.

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