Minimalist parsing

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Robert C. Berwick ◽  
Edward P. Stabler
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Fundamental Structure ◽  
Structure Building ◽  
Historical Antecedents

Studies of parsing inspired by the Minimalist Program have various goals. They flesh out and unify proposals in syntax; they define properties of fundamental structure-building mechanisms; and they provide mechanisms for psycholinguistic models. In this brief overview, some historical antecedents are noted, and then foundational perspectives underpinning some recent work in this tradition are outlined, with associated basic results on locality and efficiency. Finally, a comparative guide to some notational differences is presented.

Minimalist architectures

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER W. CULICOVER
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Language Faculty ◽  
Language And Thought ◽  
The Many ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Historical Antecedents

Ray Jackendoff, The architecture of the language faculty. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997. Pp. xiv+262.In The architecture of the language faculty Jackendoff responds to the Minimalist Program (MP) of Chomsky (1995). There are three major themes: the conceptual foundations of MP and its historical antecedents; the interfaces between syntactic structure, phonetic structure and conceptual structure, and the nature of the lexicon. The basic approach is that of Jackendoff (1983, 1990), with roots going back at least as far as Jackendoff 1975. In the first chapter Jackendoff sets out the more or less standard views about universal grammar and subjects them to a critical analysis. Chapters 2–4 focus on the various ‘interfaces’ between levels of representation, and on how the interface relations are reified in individual lexical entries. Chapters 5–7 explore the properties of various types of lexical entries and the relations between them. Chapter 8 concludes with a speculative essay on the relation between language and thought.This book is a rich compilation of observations, analyses, suggestions, perspectives, speculations and proposals. One could easily write a review at least as long as the book, developing and responding to the many ideas that it contains. Since space here is limited, I will concentrate on the main conceptual and foundational issues that are addressed by the book. In many ways, Jackendoff's work points to significant departures from classical perspectives on the organization of grammar. I will focus some attention on those areas where even more radical steps might be worth pursuing.

Cardinal numerals and complex numerals as specifiers

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-635
Author(s):  
Jacek Witkoś ◽  
Dominika Dziubała-Szrejbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Functional Head ◽  
Asymmetric Structures ◽  
Structure Building ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Independent Case ◽  
Case Feature

Abstract The goal of this study is to argue for a more widespread application of a uniform representation of Numeral Noun Constructions (NNCs) which captures both patterns with higher numerals (≥5, NumH) agreeing in case with the modified noun (case matching pattern) or bearing a distinct case from a noun (case independence pattern) in Polish and in other languages. Our account draws on the analysis of cardinal numerals in Bailyn (2004) in which both agreeing and non-agreeing numerals are placed within the projection (QP) of the functional head FQ, but contrary to Bailyn (2004), it advocates a predominant cardinal-as-specifier representation of NNCc and complex NNCs in Polish, a language whose numeral/quantificational system is fairly challenging. We propose that many cases discussed in Bošković (2006), Ionin and Matushansky (2006), Kayne (2010), Danon (2012), Norris (2014) and Willim (2015) may have a uniform representation. In short, both the case matching and the case independence patterns are represented as equivalent to the cardinal-as-specifier representation. This serves to preserve derivational and structure building transparency and avoids the issue of look-ahead and the No Tampering ban (Chomsky 2000, 2001; Stepanov 2001, 2007). In the spirit of Burzio’s (1986) Generalization we submit that the case valuation capacity of FQ is conditioned directly by an independent case (feature) of NumP occupying FQ’s specifier position. Our proposal receives further support from recent work on the structure of complex numerals in Di Sciullo (2015, 2017) and Kayne (2016), where their component parts are combined in asymmetric structures involving silent functional projections.

scholarly journals The Strong Minimalist Thesis

Philosophies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Robert Freidin
Keyword(s):  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
Interface Conditions ◽  
Efficient Computation ◽  
Additional Structure ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Structure Building ◽  
The Core ◽  
Computational Operation ◽  
And Function

This article reviews and attempts to evaluate the various proposals for a strong minimalist thesis that have been at the core of the minimalist program for linguistic theory since its inception almost three decades ago. These proposals have involved legibility conditions for the interface between language and the cognitive systems that access it, the simplest computational operation Merge (its form and function), and principles of computational efficiency (including inclusiveness, no-tampering, cyclic computation, and the deletion of copies). This evaluation attempts to demonstrate that reliance on interface conditions encounters serious long-standing problems for the analysis of language. It also suggests that the precise formulation of Merge may, in fact, subsume the effects of those principles of efficient computation currently under investigation and might possibly render unnecessary proposals for additional structure building operations (e.g., Pair-Merge and FormSequence).

What sentimentalists should say about emotion

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Kurth
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Moral Cognition ◽  
Multilevel Structure

Abstract Recent work by emotion researchers indicates that emotions have a multilevel structure. Sophisticated sentimentalists should take note of this work – for it better enables them to defend a substantive role for emotion in moral cognition. Contra May's rationalist criticisms, emotions are not only able to carry morally relevant information, but can also substantially influence moral judgment and reasoning.

The Sun as a Magnetic Star

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 457-463
Author(s):  
John M. Wilcox ◽  
Leif Svalgaard
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Rotation Axis ◽  
Polar Field ◽  
Magnetic Star ◽  
Rotational Axis ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Arbitrary Angle ◽  
Solar Magnetism ◽  
Oblique Rotator

SummaryThe sun as a magnetic star is described on the basis of recent work on solar magnetism. Observations at an arbitrary angle to the rotation axis would show a 22-year polar field variation and a 25-day equatorial sector variation. The sector variation would be similar to an oblique rotator with an angle of 90° between the magnetic and rotational axis.

Microstructural comparison of synthetic bioceramics with natural bioceramics

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
Shulin Wen ◽  
Jingwei Feng ◽  
A. Krajewski ◽  
A. Ravaglioli
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Main Constituent ◽  
Laboratory Furnace ◽  
Chinese Adult ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Biological Compatibility ◽  
Synthetic Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Synthetic Work

Hydroxyapatite bioceramics has attracted many material scientists as it is the main constituent of the bone and the teeth in human body. The synthesis of the bioceramics has been performed for years. Nowadays, the synthetic work is not only focused on the hydroapatite but also on the fluorapatite and chlorapatite bioceramics since later materials have also biological compatibility with human tissues; and they may also be very promising for clinic purpose. However, in comparison of the synthetic bioceramics with natural one on microstructure, a great differences were observed according to our previous results. We have investigated these differences further in this work since they are very important to appraise the synthetic bioceramics for their clinic application.The synthetic hydroxyapatite and chlorapatite were prepared according to A. Krajewski and A. Ravaglioli and their recent work. The briquettes from different hydroxyapatite or chlorapatite powders were fired in a laboratory furnace at the temperature of 900-1300°C. The samples of human enamel selected for the comparison with synthetic bioceramics were from Chinese adult teeth.

Substrate specificity and inducibility of TACE (tumour necrosis factor α-converting enzyme) revisited: the Ala-Val preference, and induced intrinsic activity

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy A. Black ◽  
John R. Doedens ◽  
Rajeev Mahimkar ◽  
Richard Johnson ◽  
Lin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Tumour Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumour Necrosis ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Tumour Necrosis Factor Α ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα)-converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM-17, where ADAM stands for a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) releases from the cell surface the extracellular domains of TNF and several other proteins. Previous studies have found that, while purified TACE preferentially cleaves peptides representing the processing sites in TNF and transforming growth factor α, the cellular enzyme nonetheless also sheds proteins with divergent cleavage sites very efficiently. More recent work, identifying the cleavage site in the p75 TNF receptor, quantifying the susceptibility of additional peptides to cleavage by TACE and identifying additional protein substrates, underlines the complexity of TACE-substrate interactions. In addition to substrate specificity, the mechanism underlying the increased rate of shedding caused by agents that activate cells remains poorly understood. Recent work in this area, utilizing a peptide substrate as a probe for cellular TACE activity, indicates that the intrinsic activity of the enzyme is somehow increased.

Recent work on group III antimonides and arsenides

Physica ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 3 (7-12) ◽  
pp. 1065-1067
Author(s):  
H HROSTOWSKI ◽  
M TANENBAUM
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Group Iii

MANUSCRIPT EVIDENCE FOR ALPHABET-SWITCHING IN THE WORKS OF CICERO: COMMON NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-516
Author(s):  
Neil O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Reliable Transmission ◽  
Accurate Record ◽  
The Way

Of the hundreds of Greek common nouns and adjectives preserved in our MSS of Cicero, about three dozen are found written in the Latin alphabet as well as in the Greek. So we find, alongside συμπάθεια, also sympathia, and ἱστορικός as well as historicus. This sort of variation has been termed alphabet-switching; it has received little attention in connection with Cicero, even though it is relevant to subjects of current interest such as his bilingualism and the role of code-switching and loanwords in his works. Rather than addressing these issues directly, this discussion sets out information about the way in which the words are written in our surviving MSS of Cicero and takes further some recent work on the presentation of Greek words in Latin texts. It argues that, for the most part, coherent patterns and explanations can be found in the alphabetic choices exhibited by them, or at least by the earliest of them when there is conflict in the paradosis, and that this coherence is evidence for a generally reliable transmission of Cicero's original choices. While a lack of coherence might indicate unreliable transmission, or even an indifference on Cicero's part, a consistent pattern can only really be explained as an accurate record of coherent alphabet choice made by Cicero when writing Greek words.

Recent Work of the Russian Academy of Science

1921 ◽  
Vol 3 (6supp) ◽  
pp. 561-562
Author(s):  
Vernon Kellogg ◽  
R. M. Yerkes ◽  
H. E. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work
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