How Not to Change the Subject

2020 ◽  
pp. 235-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Haslanger
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Material Change ◽  
The Subject

This chapter considers several ways, within a Stalnakerian externalist semantics, we might understand the project of improving our concepts to promote greater justice. The tools that culture provides us—language, concepts, inferential patterns—provide frames for coordination and shape our interaction. There are multiple ways these tools can fail us, e.g. by the limited structure of possibilities and options they make intelligible. However, we can sometimes reconfigure the resources so that our practical orientations are more responsive to what is good and coordinate in ways that are just. This chapter argues that, in some cases, the necessary amelioration is epistemic, but in other cases it is properly semantic. Such reconfiguration often happens in law; it also occurs in social movements, counter-publics, subaltern communities, and in fascist propaganda. Contestation over meaning is not ‘mere semantics’ for—together with political and material change—it can shape our agency and our lives together.

scholarly journals Niepełnosprawność w historii sztuki oraz anty-ableizm sztuki współczesnej

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Stawowy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Social Involvement ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject

The subject of illness and disability has been explored by artists for a long time. Depending on the era, it was presented in different ways. Twentieth-century social movements, interested in emancipating otherness, shed new light on the perception of the human body and its causative capabilities. Currently, the artist is more a commentator of reality than its passive observer and disability is one of the most important subjects of art. The exclusion, which used to involve disabled people, seems to be passing nowadays, however the problem of ableism still exists. Contemporary artists refer to it in their works trying to face harmful stereotypes. The purpose of this article is to look at disability through the eyes of artists, to find its representations in works of art and to trace how the perception of the disabled body has changed, based on the aesthetics and canon of a given age – from the perfect body of antique to the social involvement of contemporary art.

scholarly journals La hégira Touraine y el perpetuo ocaso de los movimientos sociales en América Latina

2017 ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Miguel Urrutia
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The Subject ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Liberal Policy ◽  
Movimientos Sociales

Aunque Touraine ha sostenido que el sujeto se constituye colectivamente, la producción última del sentido la hace residir en entidades de conciencia identificadas consigo mismas, es decir, en individuos; de este modo, se ha conectado con cierto izquierdismo latinoamericano y su invocación a “sujetos de derecho” titulares de una “soberanía” que, en última instancia, supone el “control consciente sobre un sí mismo”. Así, los axiomas de la política liberal individualista pasan a constituir el fondo constante sobre el cual se efectúan hasta los cambios sociales más profundos.Palabras clave izquierda / derechismo / accionalismo / política / imperio / movimientos sociales.Abstract:Although Touraine has maintained that the subject is constituted collectively, the last production of sense resides in identified organizations of conscience within themselves, that is to say, in individuals; this way, it has connected with certain Latin American leftist orientation and its invocation to “ subjects of right” entitled to a “sovereignty” that, in last instance, supposes the “conscientious control on itself”. Thus, the axioms of the individualistic liberal policy happen to constitute the constant bottom on which take place the deepest social changes.Key words Left / right / factionalism / politics / empire / social movements

scholarly journals Going On, Not in the Same Way

2020 ◽  
pp. 230-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Haslanger
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Material Change

This chapter considers, within an externalist semantics, several ways we might understand the project of improving our concepts to promote greater justice. The tools that culture provides us with—such as language, concepts, and inferential patterns—provide frames for coordination and shape our interaction. There are multiple ways these tools can fail us, for example by the limited structure of options they make intelligible. However, we can sometimes reconfigure the resources so that our practical orientations are more responsive to what is good and coordinate in ways that are just. Such reconfiguration often happens in law; it also occurs in social movements, counter-publics, subaltern communities, and in fascist propaganda. Contestation over meaning is not “mere semantics” for—together with political and material change—it can shape our agency and our lives together.

scholarly journals F. M. Dostoevsky – a writer or a thinker?

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Alexander Usachev
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Philosophical Text ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Artistic Image

The object of this research is the works of the prominent Russian writer F. M. Dostoevsky. The subject of this research is the opinion whether F. M. Dostoevsky first and foremost is the Russian philosopher and thinker, and only then a writer. The author examines the peculiarities of such roles in culture as philosopher, thinker and writer, which gives grounds to question unambiguous reference of the works of prominent Russian writer as activity of the thinker. The peculiarity consists in the fact that F. M. Dostoevsky’s literary texts is so rich in images and themes, that shifting the specificity of his artistic image into the background is not quite justified. Special attention is given to clarification of the essence of activity of the philosopher and the writer. The key research method is the comparative analysis of the facts of such types of social practice as the profession of writer, philosopher and thinker in their relation to the fundamental concepts of time, space, text and nature of its perception from the outside perspective .The main conclusion consists in the statement that the philosophical text maintains neutrality in relation to time, as is being written from the standpoint of eternity. Literary text, in turn, is “submerged” in time and space of the events taking place within it, and relies on recognizability of the characters and their existential characteristics. F. M. Dostoevsky appears to the audience as the creator of storylines and images, rather than a person who sets the trends and concepts of social movements.

scholarly journals Against “Ideologies”: “Freedom” of Science at Stake in Culture Wars

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 367-410
Author(s):  
Marta Zimniak-Hałajko
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Culture Wars ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Academic Teacher

The subject of this article is the analysis of selected institutional activities, including drafts of legislative initiatives and social actions that took place between 2018 and 2020 at Polish universities (and outside of them). Its goal is to define what can be expressed, who is entitled to speak within the academic realm and what can be said by an academic teacher or scientist during a public debate. These social actions and legislative initiatives are discussed in the broader context of activities of social movements having a clear ideological face (either left- or right-wing), protests against lectures, debates organised at universities that were labelled as “ideological”, as well as projects intended to promote specific visions of academic freedom along with corresponding regulations for universities.

scholarly journals MODEL MENTAL SISWA PADA SUBPOKOK BAHASAN PERUBAHAN MATERI

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Putu Eka Sukma Diantari ◽  
I Wayan Suja ◽  
I Dewa Ketut Sastrawidana
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Sequential Data ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Material Change ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mix Methods

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan profil model mental siswa serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab terbentuknya model mental alternatif siswa pada subpokok bahasan perubahan materi di SMP Negeri 2 Singaraja. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mix methods jenis sekuensial. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, pemberian tes diagnostik dua tingkat (two-tier), dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan profil model mental siswa kelas VII pada subpokok bahasan perubahan materi 5,30% tergolong model mental ilmiah, serta 92,38% mengalami model mental alternatif, yang meliputi 69,81% memiliki model mental benar sebagian dan 22,57% memiliki model mental miskonsepsi khusus. Sedangkan sisanya, sebanyak 2,32% tidak memberikan tanggapan. Faktor penyebab terbentuknya model mental alternatif pada pikiran siswa, meliputi minat dan motivasi belajar siswa rendah, pemaknaan konsep-konsep perubahan materi rendah, pemahaman konsep pendukung terkait perubahan materi rendah, pemahaman terhadap ketiga level kimia (level makroskopis, level submikroskopis, dan level simbolik) beserta interkoneksinya rendah, buku teks (paket) yang digunakan kurang lengkap, dan strategi mengajar yang diterapkan oleh guru tidak tepat.Kata-kata kunci: perubahan materi, model mental, model mental alternatif.AbstractThis research was aimed to describe and explain the profile of mental model students and identify the factors that cause the formation of an alternative mental model students on the subject of material changes at SMP Negeri 2 Singaraja. This research is a mix methods approach, type sequential. Data collection was carried out by observation, giving two-tier diagnostic tests, and interviews. The results showed the profile of mental class VII grade students on the  subject of  material change 5.30% classified as a scientific mental model, and 92.38% experienced an alternative mental model, which included 69.81% having a partially correct mental model and 22.57% having special mental misconception models. While the rest, as much as 2.32% did not give a response. Factors that cause the formation of alternative mental models on students minds, including low interest and student learning motivation, meaning concepts of low material change, understanding of supporting concepts related to low material changes, understanding of all three chemical levels (macroscopic level, submicroscopic level, and symbolic level) along with the low interconnection, the textbook (package) used is incomplete, and the teaching strategy applied by the teacher is not appropriate.Keywords: change materials, mental model, alternative mental model

Court Cases, Gay Rights, and Legislative Response

2022 ◽  
pp. 108-144
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
American Politics ◽  
Gay Rights ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
The Subject

Few issues in American politics, sexual or otherwise, inspire as much passion as the struggle over civil rights for members of the LGBTQ community. The passion associated with this issue stems from a clash of values and social movements. The undeniable passion that suffuses the issue is apparent to anyone who has witnessed a public debate or read a court transcript on the subject. This chapter will focus on court cases that have played a role in creating rights for members of the LGBTQ community and subsequent legislative actions.

Six Hegelian Theses about Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-404
Author(s):  
Shachar Freddy Kislev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Technology ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Material Change ◽  
The Subject

Hegel has long been considered a major thinker of progress. This paper extends Hegel’s philosophy of progress into an outline of a philosophy of technology. It does this not by directly reading the little Hegel wrote on the subject, but by introducing six central Hegelian ideas that bear on the technological thought. It argues that, for Hegel, (1) mankind is destined to change its destiny; (2) that true change involved qualitative change; (3) that true change is conceptual, and not material, change; (4) that history progresses immanently according to its own laws; (5) that history progresses towards ever greater artificiality; and that (6) artificiality is closely linked to freedom. These ideas cohere into a Hegelian metaphysics of technology, which is supportive of the technological enterprise. This paper is meant both to sketch a metaphysical understanding of the technological enterprise, and to trace the intellectual roots of contemporary technological utopianism.

High Politics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Fielding
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Political History ◽  
New Institutionalism ◽  
Structure And Agency ◽  
National Institutions ◽  
Political Conservatism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
British State ◽  
High Politics

A focus on the national institutions of the British state and the men who populated them was the first means by which many understood ‘political history’. This ‘high politics’ remains a popular way to understand the subject. Yet, ‘high politics’ has also been criticized by radical advocates of ‘history from below’ for its methodological and political conservatism. This chapter assesses the merits of focusing on Westminster, Whitehall, and its denizens by employing insights from political science, notably the notion of structure and agency as well as the literature associated with new institutionalism. The chapter also assesses the contribution of the ‘Peterhouse School’—one long reviled by many high-political historians as well as by historians of popular social movements—as a way of bridging the gap between the two methods of conceiving the dynamics of Britain’s modern political history.

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