The history of gambling regulation and the rise of the industry

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Pekka Sulkunen ◽  
Thomas F. Babor ◽  
Jenny Cisneros Örnberg ◽  
Michael Egerer ◽  
Matilda Hellman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Moral Reasons ◽  
Global Industry ◽  
Gambling Regulation ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

From its ancient origins in small-scale gaming sites in local communities, gambling in the 21st century has become a global industry and an increasingly standardized pastime across the world. The growth started in the early the 20th century, and accelerated in the past few decades. The history of gambling is a history of regulation. Gambling has always been controlled by political powers and still is in both democratic and non-democratic countries. Islamic and communist regimes have been most negative for moral reasons. Countries dominated by Protestant Christian faith have been critical, because of the value they have placed on work and honesty, even when they have not seen prosperity as a sin. Since the 1980s gambling has been de-regulated in many countries, with the justification that gambling is legitimate economic activity and problem gambling should be the policy target.

Fishing for a Career: Alternative Livelihoods and the Hardheaded Art of Academic Failure

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167
Author(s):  
Deb Cleland
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Academic Failure ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Alternative Livelihoods ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Charting the course: The world of alternative livelihood research brings a heavy history of paternalistic colonial intervention and moralising. In particular, subsistence fishers in South East Asia are cyclical attractors of project funding to help them exit poverty and not ‘further degrade the marine ecosystem’ (Cinner et al. 2011), through leaving their boats behind and embarking on non-oceanic careers. What happens, then, when we turn an autoethnographic eye on the livelihood of the alternative livelihood researcher? What lexicons of lack and luck may we borrow from the fishers in order to ‘render articulate and more systematic those feelings of dissatisfaction’ (Young 2002) of an academic’s life’s work and our work-life? What might we learn from comparing small-scale fishers to small-scale scholars about how to successfully ‘navigate’ the casualised waters of the modern university? Does this unlikely course bring any ideas of ‘possibilities glimmering’ (Young 2002) for ‘exiting’ poverty in Academia?

A Cultural History of Objects in the Modern Age

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
New Materials ◽  
The West ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

A Cultural History of Objects in the Modern Age covers the period 1900 to today, a time marked by massive global changes in production, transportation, and information-sharing in a post-colonial world. New materials and inventions – from plastics to the digital to biotechnology – have created unprecedented scales of disruption, shifting and blurring the categories and meanings of the object. If the 20th Century demonstrated that humans can be treated like things whilst things can become ever more human, where will the 21st Century take us? The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Objects examines how objects have been created, used, interpreted and set loose in the world over the last 2500 years. Over this time, the West has developed particular attitudes to the material world, at the centre of which is the idea of the object. The themes covered in each volume are objecthood; technology; economic objects; everyday objects; art; architecture; bodily objects; object worlds.

Video Democracies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake Atwood
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Digital Video ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Video Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Widespread Acceptance ◽  
History Of

This chapter speaks to the ways in which reform cinema was wrapped up in the technological changes during Khatami’s presidency. In particular, video technology, which was banned in Iran between 1982 and 1993, gained widespread acceptance during Khatami’s presidency. Meanwhile, the proliferation of digital video at the beginning of the 21st century was changing what it meant to make and watch movies around the world. Abbas Kiarostami’s Taste of Cherry (1997) and Ten (2002) and Bahman Farmanara’s The Smell of Camphor, the Scent of Jasmine (2001) speak to this changing technology, and they play with video in order to show how this technology was democratizing filmmaking in Iran. This chapter contextualizes Kiarostami’s and Farmanara’s films by suggesting a history of video technology in Iran, one which demonstrates that the changing cultural value of video developed in tandem with Khatami’s discourse of reform.

A Jesus of White Marble or a Jesus in the Flesh?

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-146
Author(s):  
Guy G. Stroumsa
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World History ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
White Marble ◽  
Early Loss ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jewish Historian ◽  
Multiple Translations

Despite the early loss of his Christian faith, Renan held onto a lifelong belief in the incommensurability of Christianity with Judaism and Islam. This entailed his perception of an unbridgeable chasm between Christianity and the two “Semitic religions.” Such insistence originated in his understanding of Jesus as a unique figure, one who stood at the very core of the world history of religions. It is in his Life of Jesus that he expressed most clearly his views on the founder of Christianity. First published in 1863, Renan’s Vie de Jésus would swiftly become, in the original as well as in its multiple translations, a nineteenth-century international best seller. The chapter reassess the roots of Renan’s project, as well as its impact. Finally, we compare Renan and the Jewish historian Joseph Salvador on the figure of Jesus.

Eyes Down

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-87
Author(s):  
Kate Bedford
Keyword(s):  
State Intervention ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Gambling Regulation ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Step ◽  
National Life ◽  
Friendly Societies ◽  
The 1960S

Using legislation, case law, and official records (including Hansard), Chapter 2 outlines the early history of state intervention into bingo in England and Wales. The chapter traces the gradual liberalization of restrictions on small-scale gambling, and the subsequent backlash against bingo in the 1960s. It also tells a new story about gambling regulation and political economy. In particular, it excavates the key role of mutual aid to elite debates about the proper place of gambling in national life. Although many authors have argued that disavowal of gambling helped legitimize the forms of collective insurance developed by early friendly societies and similar associations, the chapter shows that gambling played a key role—as entertainment and mutual aid—within working men’s clubs, and that it was promoted by the state. This mutual aid dimension of gambling was heavily conflicted in gendered terms. Lawmakers were lobbied by bingo-organizing men, with women’s interests at least one step removed from Hansard. Unequal gender roles were hereby woven into dominant understandings of small-scale gambling.

How Might 21st-Century De-Globalization Unfold? Some Historical Reflections

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Link
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Abstract Is the world headed for a repeat of the de-globalization of the interwar period? Stefan Link challenges some widespread assumptions about the history of globalization and suggests that this time really is different.

Monasticism: A Very Short Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Monastic Communities

Monasticism is a social and religious phenomenon that originated in antiquity, which remains relevant in the 21st century. Monasticism: A Very Short Introduction discusses the history of monasticism from the earliest evidence for it, and the different types that have developed. It considers where monasteries are located around the world, and how their settings impact the everyday life and worldview of the monks and nuns who dwell in them. Exploring how monastic communities are organized, this VSI also looks at how all aspects of life are regimented. Finally, it discusses what the stories about saints communicate about monastic identity and ethics, and considers what place there is for monasticism in the modern world.

scholarly journals HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY: AMBITIONS AND GOALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
V.S. Akimova ◽  
◽  
S.S. Atlasova ◽  
K.E. Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University

Japan is a developing country but is getting diffi cult to hold in leadership 21st century. The domestic lack of raw materials fosters the government to count on competitive power of science and the higher education system. Japanese system of higher education must become demanded in the world. The history of Hokkaido University, the oldest institution in the country and is being modernized at present, is reviewed. It is noted that various mid-term and long-term measures have been developed and implemented. The university partakes in diff erent activities to raise the university international rating.

scholarly journals Optimizing Food and Beverage Product Development: From the Past to the 21st Century and Beyond

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Howard Moskowitz ◽  
Derek Roberts ◽  
Divya Nagarajan ◽  
Attila Gere
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Short History ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Stimuli

Psychophysics is the oldest branch of experimental psychology, devoted to understanding the relation between physical stimuli (e.g., ingredients, processes) and subjective response. When applied to developing food products for commercial use, psychophysics takes on a new role, as a center point in an evolving ecology of many unrelated but relevant disciplines and professions. We present a short history of the application of psychophysics to the world of food product design, and the ecosystems which grew around it, evolved, changed, and had to be reengineered to be relevant for the 21st century.

scholarly journals „Następca św. Piotra, ale jeszcze z pełną świadomością następcy św. Stanisława”. O pielgrzymie i pielgrzymce Jana Pawła II do Polski A.D. 1979

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1 Zeszyt specjalny) ◽  
pp. 421-438
Author(s):  
Beata K. Obsulewicz
Keyword(s):  
Home Country ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Holy See ◽  
John Paul Ii ◽  
Special Character ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Church

The subject of this article is the first pilgrimage by John Paul II to Poland in 1979. An analysis of his speeches delivered during this pilgrimage and the historical circumstances of the pilgrimage itself (the first pilgrimage by a Pope to Poland, a country with a socialist system at that time which promoted atheism; a visit by a Polish Pope to his home country shortly after his election to the Holy See; a visit to a Pope’s homeland other than Italy – a phenomenon unknown in the history of the papacy for the previous 455 years) allows us to capture its special character in the history of Poland and in the life of Karol Wojtyła / John Paul II. The Pope was faced with a difficult pastoral and diplomatic task, which was to fulfil his religious mission (strengthening the Christian faith in Poland and in other Slavic nations; showing the path of development for the Church in Poland; showing gratitude to the Polish Church for her heroic perseverance in the People’s Republic of Poland; emphasising the cultural role of Christianity in the world) and also to change the image of Poland in the world (while carefully avoiding any escalation of tensions between the Church and the state authorities and the influence of the USSR in Poland). This was accompanied – from a sociopsychological perspective – by his taking up the role of leader of the universal Church, a role which he had to learn, and, at the same time, maintaining the style of communication with his countrymen which he had developed earlier while a church dignitary in Poland.

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